Chiral Perovskites: Promising Materials toward Next-Generation Optoelectronics.

Halide perovskites have emerged as a type of extremely promising material for their diverse chemical and electronic structures along with their brilliant optoelectronic properties. The introduction of chirality into perovskite scaffolds, generating a novel concept of chiral perovskite materials, offers an immense step forward toward the development of smart optoelectronic and spintronic materials and devices. The present Review summarizes recent advances in such an emerging field regarding the design and construction of chiral perovskite materials, along with their optoelectronic performances.

Simultaneous Tailoring of Dual-Phase Fluoride Precipitation and Dopant Distribution in Glass to Control Upconverting Luminescence.

In situ glass crystallization is an effective strategy to integrate lanthanide-doped upconversion nanocrystals into amorphous glass, leading to new hybrid materials and offering an unexploited way to study light-particle interactions. However, the precipitation of Sc-based nanocrystals from glass is rarely reported and the incorporation of lanthanide activators into the Sc-based crystalline lattice is formidably difficult owing to their large radius mismatch. Herein, it is demonstrated that lanthanide dopants with smaller ionic radii can act as nucleating agents to promote the nucleation/growth of KScF nanocrystals in oxyfluoride aluminosilicate glass.

[Research progresses in microbial 1,3-1,4-β-glucanase: protein engineering and industrial applications].

1,3-1,4-β-glucanase (E.C.3.

Genome-Wide Analysis and Characterization of the Family Genes Related to Floral Scent Formation in .

Auxin plays a key role in different plant growth and development processes, including flower opening and development. The perception and signaling of auxin depend on the cooperative action of various components, among which auxin/indole-3-acetic acid (Aux/IAA) proteins play an imperative role. In a recent study, the entire gene family was identified and comprehensively analyzed in , a scented species used as an ornamental plant for cut flowers.

C89 Induces Autophagy of Female Germline Stem Cells via Inhibition of the PI3K-Akt Pathway In Vitro.

Postnatal female germline stem cells (FGSCs) are a type of germline stem cell with self-renewal ability and the capacity of differentiation toward oocyte. The proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis of FGSCs have been researched in recent years, but autophagy in FGSCs has not been explored. This study investigated the effects of the small-molecule compound 89 (C89) on FGSCs and the underlying molecular mechanism in vitro.

Effects of micro wet milling on bioaccessibility of phosphatidic acid and lysophosphatidic acid in komatsuna during in vitro digestion.

Foods rich in phosphatidic acid (PA) can ameliorate stomach ulcers in mice by hydrolysis of PA to lysophosphatidic acid (LPA). In this study, PA-rich komatsuna was produced using the micro wet milling (MWM) system, which can mill food products into micrometer-scale without causing detrimental factors such as frictional heat. To evaluate the efficiency of the MWM system in increasing PA and forming LPA, the availability of PA in the MWM komatsuna to hydrolyze into LPA under in vitro simulated gastrointestinal (GI) digestion conditions were investigated.

Examining the molecular characteristics of glycoside hydrolase family 20 β-N-acetylglucosaminidases with high activity.

β-N-Acetylglucosaminidases (GlcNAcases) possess many important biological functions and are used for promising applications that are often hampered by low-activity enzymes. We previously demonstrated that most GlcNAcases of the glycoside hydrolase (GH) family 20 showed higher activities than those of other GH families, and we presented two novel GH 20 GlcNAcases that showed higher activities than most GlcNAcases. A highly flexible structure, which was attributed to the presence of to a high proportion of random coils and flexible amino acid residues, was presumed to be a factor in the high activity of GH 20 GlcNAcases.

Time-resolved spread of antibiotic resistance genes in highly polluted air.

Antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) have emerged as a global health concern. A large volume of work has already been devoted to ARGs in aquatic ecosystems. However, ARG dispersal patterns in air remain to be largely unknown despite of its greater role in transmission.

Determination of microcystins in environmental water samples with ionic liquid magnetic graphene.

Microcystins is a class of monocyclic of heptapeptides with many different isomerides. It has become potential hazardous material in water environment for its toxic, distribution and stability. This project worked on a method for determination of trace microcystin (MC-LR and MC-RR) in environmental waters.

Analysis of the Seasonal Trend of Congenital Heart Defects.

Objective: To determine the seasonal trend of congenital heart defects (CHDs) in China using hospital-based clinical data.

Study Design: We included 40 501 patients with CHD hospitalized at the Shanghai Children Medical Center between 2006 and 2017. The birth rate of CHD in each month was adjusted by sex, year of birth, and monthly birth rate of the general population.

Halide Perovskites for Nonlinear Optics.

Halide perovskites provide an ideal platform for engineering highly promising semiconductor materials for a wide range of applications in optoelectronic devices, such as photovoltaics, light-emitting diodes, photodetectors, and lasers. More recently, increasing research efforts have been directed toward the nonlinear optical properties of halide perovskites because of their unique chemical and electronic properties, which are of crucial importance for advancing their applications in next-generation photonic devices. Here, the current state of the art in the field of nonlinear optics (NLO) in halide perovskite materials is reviewed.

Molecular Responses of Maize Shoot to a Plant Derived Smoke Solution.

Plant-derived smoke has effects on plant growth. To find the molecular mechanism of plant-derived smoke on maize, a gel-free/label-free proteomic technique was used. The length of root and shoot were increased in maize by plant-derived smoke.

Structural Origins of RF/NaRF Nanocrystal Precipitation from Phase-Separated SiO-AlO-RF-NaF Glasses: A Molecular Dynamics Simulation Study.

Oxyfluoride glass-ceramics with RF or NaRF (R: rare earth elements) nanocrystals are considered as favorable hosts for luminescence applications. In this work, we utilized large-scale molecular dynamics (MD) simulations with effective partial charge potentials to study a series of oxyfluoride glasses that are of interest to the precipitation of RF or NaRF nanocrystals as previous experiment results suggested. The results show that phase separation exists in all glass compositions with fluoride-rich regions made up of R, Na, and F and oxide-rich regions consisting of aluminosilicate networks.

Upconversion of transparent glass ceramics containing β-NaYF:Yb, Er nanocrystals for optical thermometry.

β-NaYF nanocrystal embedded glass ceramics were fabricated by a melt-quenching method with subsequent heat-treatment. Structural characterizations and spectrographic techniques were performed to verify the successful precipitation of β-NaYF nanocrystals and partition of dopants. Upon excitation of 980 nm, bright green upconversion emission could be achieved in Yb, Er codoped β-NaYF nanocrystal embedded glass ceramics.

TIGAR promotes neural stem cell differentiation through acetyl-CoA-mediated histone acetylation.

Cellular metabolism plays a crucial role in controlling the proliferation, differentiation, and quiescence of neural stem cells (NSCs). The metabolic transition from aerobic glycolysis to oxidative phosphorylation has been regarded as a hallmark of neuronal differentiation. Understanding what triggers metabolism reprogramming and how glucose metabolism directs NSC differentiation may provide new insight into the regenerative potential of the brain.

MUC1 is a receptor for the Salmonella SiiE adhesin that enables apical invasion into enterocytes.

The cellular invasion machinery of the enteric pathogen Salmonella consists of a type III secretion system (T3SS) with injectable virulence factors that induce uptake by macropinocytosis. Salmonella invasion at the apical surface of intestinal epithelial cells is inefficient, presumably because of a glycosylated barrier formed by transmembrane mucins that prevents T3SS contact with host cells. We observed that Salmonella is capable of apical invasion of intestinal epithelial cells that express the transmembrane mucin MUC1.

Emission behaviors of nitro- and oxy-polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons during pyrolytic disposal of electronic wastes.

Emission factors (EFs) of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) derivatives (12 nitro-PAHs and 4 oxy-PAHs) during the pyrolysis of two types of electronic waste (E-waste) were measured. Compositional profile, particle size distribution, gas-particle partitioning, correlations with precursor species and influences of pyrolytic temperature were investigated. The derivative products were dominated by oxy-PAHs.

Identification of Variable and Joining Germline Genes and Alleles for Rhesus Macaque from B Cell Receptor Repertoires.

The rhesus macaque is a valuable preclinical animal model to estimate vaccine effectiveness and is also important for understanding Ab maturation and B cell repertoire evolution responding to vaccination. However, incomplete mapping of rhesus Ig germline genes hinders the research efforts. To address this deficiency, we sequenced the BCR repertoires of 75 Indian rhesus macaques.

Enhanced Second Harmonic Generation from Ferroelectric HfO-Based Hybrid Metasurfaces.

Integrated nonlinear metasurfaces leading to high-efficiency optical second harmonic generation (SHG) are highly desirable for optical sensing, imaging, and quantum photonic systems. Compared to traditional metal-only metasurfaces, their hybrid counterparts, where a noncentrosymmetric nonlinear photonic material is incorporated in the near-field of a metasurface, can significantly boost SHG efficiency. However, it is difficult to integrate such devices on-chip due to material incompatibilities, thickness scaling challenges, and the narrow band gaps of nonlinear optical materials.

Association of human leukocyte antigens-DQB2/DPA1/DPB1 polymorphism and pulmonary tuberculosis in the Chinese Uygur population.

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) is the second-leading cause of death globally. Genetic polymorphisms in human leukocyte antigens (HLA)-DQB2, HLA-DPA1, and HLA-DPB1 may partly explain individual differences in TB susceptibility.

Methods: We performed a hospital-based case-control study to assess the genetic influence of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the HLA (HLA-DPA, HLA-DPB, and HLA-DQB) on the development of TB.

Optimizing and adjusting the photoluminescence of Mn-doped fluoride phosphors via forming composite particles.

Nowadays, Mn4+-doped red phosphors are widely used in white LEDs to improve the color rendering index and decrease the correlated color temperature. Great efforts have been made to enhance the luminous efficiency. In this work, new composite particles containing two fluorides with similar structures K2LiAlF6 and K2NaAlF6 were developed to improve the emission intensity.

polymorphism was associated with an increased risk of tuberculosis in the Chinese Uygur population.

Introduction: Tuberculosis (TB) is a foremost infectious disease in most parts of the world. Globally, tuberculosis is the second-leading cause of infectious diseases. This has become a significant world-wide social and public health issue, and one of the major diseases in China.

Characteristics of perfluoroalkyl acids in atmospheric PM from the coastal cities of the Bohai and Yellow Seas, Northern China.

The concentration distributions, compositional profiles and seasonal variations of 17 perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) in PM (particles with aerodynamic diameters < 10 μm) were determined in seven coastal cities of the Bohai and Yellow Seas. The detection rates of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and short-chain components (perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acids (PFCAs) with ≤7 carbon atoms and perfluoroalkane sulfonic acids (PFSAs) with ≤5 carbon atoms) were much higher than those of other long-chain PFAA species. The annual average concentration of total PFAAs in PM ranged from 23.