The Type III Secretion System (T3SS) of Escherichia Coli Promotes Atherosclerosis in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.

Large-scale studies indicate a strong relationship between the gut microbiome, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). Here, a higher abundance of the type III secretion system (T3SS) virulence factors of Enterobacteriaceae/Escherichia-Shigella in patients with T2DM-related-ASCVD, which correlates with their atherosclerotic stenosis is reported. Overexpression of T3SS via Citrobacter rodentium (CR) infection in Apoe-/- T2DM mice exacerbated atherosclerotic lesion formation and increased gut permeability.

Utilizing reactive oxygen species-scavenging nanoparticles for targeting oxidative stress in the treatment of ischemic stroke: A review.

Ischemic stroke, which accounts for the majority of stroke cases, triggers a complex series of pathophysiological events, prominently characterized by acute oxidative stress due to excessive production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Oxidative stress plays a crucial role in driving cell death and inflammation in ischemic stroke, making it a significant target for therapeutic intervention. Nanomedicine presents an innovative approach to directly mitigate oxidative damage.

Mediating role of systemic inflammation in the association between volatile organic compounds exposure and periodontitis: NHANES 2011-2014.

Background: Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are ubiquitous environmental pollutants which have been suggested to have adverse effects on human health. While the influence of environmental pollutant exposures on periodontitis has attracted elevating attention in recent years, the epidemiological evidence on the association between VOCs exposure and periodontitis was scarce. This study aimed to investigate the potential mediating role of systemic inflammation factors in the complex association between VOCs exposure and periodontitis.

Charge regulated pH/NIR dual responsive nanoplatforms centered on cuproptosis for enhanced cancer theranostics.

Multifunctional nanoplatforms capable of simultaneously executing multimodal therapy and imaging functions are of great potentials for cancer theranostics. We present an elegantly designed, easy-to-fabricate poly(acrylic acid)/mesoporous calcium phosphate/mesoporous copper phosphate nanosphere (PAA/mCaP/mCuP NS) with outstanding pH/NIR-sensitive multimodal-synergic anti-tumor effects. Optimal porous PAA NS scaffolds were prepared at room temperature by balancing the intra-PAA polymer and polymer-solvents Lennard-Jones potentials in a water:isopropyl alcohol (IPA) mix-solvent.

MolBiC: the cell-based landscape illustrating molecular bioactivities.

The measurement of cell-based molecular bioactivity (CMB) is critical for almost every step of drug development. With the booming application of AI in biomedicine, it is essential to have the CMB data to promote the learning of cell-based patterns for guiding modern drug discovery, but no database providing such information has been constructed yet. In this study, we introduce MolBiC, a knowledge base designed to describe valuable data on molecular bioactivity measured within a cellular context.

Leonurine improves atherosclerosis by activating foam cell autophagy and metabolic remodeling via METTL3-mediated AKT1S1 mRNA stability modulation.

Background: Atherosclerosis (AS) is the most prevalent cardiovascular disease and remains the major contributor to death and mortality globally. Leonurine (LEO) is a unique alkaloid compound with protective effects on the cardiovascular system. However, the exact mechanisms underlying its cardiovascular-protecting action are still not fully elucidated.

MAZ promotes thyroid cancer progression by driving transcriptional reprogram and enhancing ERK1/2 activation.

Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is the most common type of thyroid malignancies worldwide. Oncogenic transcription factors (TFs) drive transcriptional reprogramming and tumorigenesis. The myc-associated zinc finger protein (MAZ) is one of the Myc family TFs.

Facile fabrications of poly (acrylic acid)-mesoporous zinc phosphate/polydopamine Janus nanoparticles as a biosafe photothermal therapy agent and a pH/NIR-responsive drug carrier.

Balancing biocompatibility and drug-loading efficiency in nanoparticles presents a significant challenge. In this study, we describe the facile fabrication of poly (acrylic acid)-mesoporous zinc phosphate/polydopamine (PAA-mZnP/PDA) Janus nanoparticles (JNPs). The PDA half-shell itself can serve as a photothermal agent for photothermal therapy (PTT), as well as to offers sites for polyethylene glycol (PEG) to enhance biocompatibility.

Isolating Immune Cells from Mouse Brain and Skull.

Mounting evidence indicates that the immune response triggered by brain disorders (e.g., brain ischemia and autoimmune encephalomyelitis) occurs not only in the brain, but also in the skull.

Microglial heterogeneity in the ischemic stroke mouse brain of both sexes.

Background: Ischemic stroke elicits a complex and sustained immune response in the brain. Immunomodulatory treatments have long held promise for improving stroke outcomes, yet none have succeeded in the clinical setting. This lack of success is largely due to our incomplete understanding of how immune cells respond to stroke.

Anthropogenic Fingerprint Detectable in Upper Tropospheric Ozone Trends Retrieved from Satellite.

Tropospheric ozone (O) is a strong greenhouse gas, particularly in the upper troposphere (UT). Limited observations point to a continuous increase in UT O in recent decades, but the attribution of UT O changes is complicated by large internal climate variability. We show that the anthropogenic signal ("fingerprint") in the patterns of UT O increases is distinguishable from the background noise of internal variability.

Leonurine Ameliorates Diabetic Nephropathy through GPX4-Mediated Ferroptosis of Endothelial Cells.

Background: Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a common microvascular complication of diabetes mellitus (DM). Ferroptosis is an atypical form of iron-dependent, modulated cell death that has been shown to occur in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Leonurine (LEO) is a single active ingredient extracted from .

The TDP-43/TP63 Positive Feedback Circuit Promotes Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma Progression.

Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is one of the most prevalent malignancies with a 5-year survival rate of only 15% in patients with advanced diseases. Tumor protein 63 (TP63), a master transcription factor (TF) in ESCC, cooperates with other TFs to regulate enhancers and/or promoters of target oncogenes, which in turn promotes tumorigenesis. TAR-DNA-binding protein-43 (TDP-43) is an RNA/DNA binding protein with elevated expression in several neoplasms.

Therapeutic Potential of Targeting the PERK Signaling Pathway in Ischemic Stroke.

Many pathologic states can lead to the accumulation of unfolded/misfolded proteins in cells. This causes endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and triggers the unfolded protein response (UPR), which encompasses three main adaptive branches. One of these UPR branches is mediated by protein kinase RNA-like ER kinase (PERK), an ER stress sensor.

Predicting the Efficacy of Novel Synthetic Compounds in the Treatment of Osteosarcoma Anti-Receptor Activator of Nuclear Factor-κB Ligand (RANKL)/Receptor Activator of Nuclear Factor-κB (RANK) Targets.

Background: Osteosarcoma (OS) currently demonstrates a rising incidence, ranking as the predominant primary malignant tumor in the adolescent demographic. Notwithstanding this trend, the pharmaceutical landscape lacks therapeutic agents that deliver satisfactory efficacy against OS.

Objective: This study aimed to authenticate the outcomes of prior research employing the HM and GEP algorithms, endeavoring to expedite the formulation of efficacious therapeutics for osteosarcoma.

Analysis of the factors influencing moderate to poor performance status in patients with cancer after chemotherapy: a cross-sectional study comparing three models.

There are no models for assessing the factors that determine moderate to poor performance status in patients with cancer after chemotherapy. This study investigated the influencing factors and identified the best model for predicting moderate-poor performance status. A convenience sampling method was used.

Fusion dsRNA designs incorporating multiple target sequences can enhance the aphid control capacity of an RNAi-based strategy.

Background: RNA interference (RNAi) is the sequence-dependent suppression of gene expression by double-stranded RNA (dsRNA). This is a promising strategy for the control of insect pests because dsRNA can be rationally designed to maximize efficacy and biosafety, the latter by using sequences that are found in target pests but are safe for non-target insects. However, this has yet to be optimized in aphids, destructive sap-sucking pests that also transmit plant viruses.

Genome-wide functional integration identified MAZ-controlled RPS14 dysregulation in hepatocellular carcinoma.

Chronic infection with Hepatitis B virus (HBV) significantly increases the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), particularly in Eastern Asia. However, only a subset of individuals with chronic HBV infection develop HCC, suggesting the role for genetic factors in HCC etiology. Despite genome-wide association studies (GWASs) identifying multiple single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with HBV-related HCC susceptibility, the underlying mechanisms and causal genetic polymorphisms remain largely unclear.

N6-methyladenosine in myeloid cells: a novel regulatory factor for inflammation-related diseases.

N6-methyladenosine (mA) is one of the most abundant epitranscriptomic modifications on eukaryotic mRNA. Evidence has highlighted that mA is altered in response to inflammation-related factors and it is closely associated with various inflammation-related diseases. Multiple subpopulations of myeloid cells, such as macrophages, dendritic cells, and granulocytes, are crucial for the regulating of immune process in inflammation-related diseases.

Case report: 177Lu DOTA-TATE: a new scheme for the treatment of prostate neuroendocrine cancer.

Background: Most instances of small cell carcinoma originate from the lungs, while the gastrointestinal tract serves as a secondary site. Only a minuscule proportion of cases manifest within the urogenital system. Prostate small cell carcinoma (SCCP) represents an exceedingly uncommon pathological subtype within the realm of prostate cancer, displaying significant rarity in clinical settings.

LncRNA MIR31HG fosters stemness malignant features of non-small cell lung cancer via H3K4me1- and H3K27Ace-mediated GLI2 expression.

Non-coding RNAs are responsible for oncogenesis and the development of stemness features, including multidrug resistance and metastasis, in various cancers. Expression of lncRNA MIR31HG in lung cancer tissues and peripheral sera of lung cancer patients were remarkably higher than that of healthy individuals and indicated a poor prognosis. Functional analysis showed that MIR31HG fosters stemness-associated malignant features of non-small cell lung cancer cells.

TheMarker: a comprehensive database of therapeutic biomarkers.

Distinct from the traditional diagnostic/prognostic biomarker (adopted as the indicator of disease state/process), the therapeutic biomarker (ThMAR) has emerged to be very crucial in the clinical development and clinical practice of all therapies. There are five types of ThMAR that have been found to play indispensable roles in various stages of drug discovery, such as: Pharmacodynamic Biomarker essential for guaranteeing the pharmacological effects of a therapy, Safety Biomarker critical for assessing the extent or likelihood of therapy-induced toxicity, Monitoring Biomarker indispensable for guiding clinical management by serially measuring patients' status, Predictive Biomarker crucial for maximizing the clinical outcome of a therapy for specific individuals, and Surrogate Endpoint fundamental for accelerating the approval of a therapy. However, these data of ThMARs has not been comprehensively described by any of the existing databases.