Aim/introduction: To evaluate the therapeutic efficacy short-term continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) intensive therapy combined with a low-carbohydrate diet (LCD) for diabetes remission in patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Materials And Methods: This study included patients newly diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus, who were randomly divided into two groups: conventional (conventional CSII + traditional lifestyle guidance); and intensive (intensive CSII + LCD lifestyle guidance). CSII was used for blood glucose control, with continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) used to monitor blood glucose levels.
Objective: To examine cardiovascular and kidney benefits and harms of sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 (SGLT-2) inhibitors stratified by risk in adults with chronic kidney disease regardless of diabetes status.
Design: Systematic review and meta-analysis.
Data Sources: Ovid Medline, Embase, and Cochrane Central from database inception to 15 June 2024.
Fluoride affects neurodevelopment in children. In this study, we examined the effects of developmental exposure to sodium fluoride (NaF) on hippocampal neurogenesis in rats. Dams were given drinking water containing NaF at 0 (untreated controls), 30 or 100 ppm from gestational day 6 to day 21 post-delivery upon weaning, and offspring were reared until postnatal day (PND) 77.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe environmental contaminant perchlorate raises concern for hypothyroidism-related brain disorders in children. This study investigated the effects of developmental perchlorate exposure on hippocampal neurogenesis and oligodendrocyte (OL) development. Pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats were administered with ammonium perchlorate (AP) in drinking water at concentrations of 0 (control), 300, and 1000 ppm from gestation day 6 until weaning [postnatal day (PND) 21].
View Article and Find Full Text PDFImidacloprid (IMI) is a widely used neonicotinoid insecticide that poses risks for developmental neurotoxicity in mammals. The present study investigated the effects of maternal exposure to IMI on behaviors and adult neurogenesis in the hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG) of rat offspring. Dams were exposed to IMI via diet (83, 250, or 750 ppm in diet) from gestational day 6 until day 21 post-delivery on weaning, and offspring were maintained until adulthood on postnatal day 77.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFDue to the scarcity of rock samples, the Hadean Era predating 4 billion years ago (Ga) poses challenges in understanding geological processes like subaerial weathering and plate tectonics that are critical for the evolution of life. The Jack Hills zircon from Western Australia, the primary Hadean samples available, offer valuable insights into magma sources and tectonic genesis through trace element signatures. However, a consensus on these signatures has not been reached.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPurpose: The intimate connection between long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) and autophagy has been established in cartilage degeneration. However, their roles in meniscal degeneration remain ambiguous. This study aimed to identify the key autophagy-related lncRNA and its associated regulatory network in meniscal degeneration in the context of osteoarthritis (OA).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFOchratoxin A (OTA) is a rat renal carcinogen that induces karyomegaly and micronuclei in proximal tubular epithelial cells (PTECs). We previously performed comprehensive gene profiling of alterations in promoter-region methylation and gene expression in PTECs of rats treated with OTA for 13 weeks. The OTA-specific gene profile was obtained by excluding genes showing expression changes similar to those upon treatment with 3-chloro-1,2-propanediol, a renal carcinogen not inducing karyomegaly.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPlant height and heading date are important agronomic traits in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) that affect final grain yield. In wheat, knowledge of pseudo-response regulator (PRR) genes on agronomic traits is limited.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJASMONATE-ZIM DOMAIN (JAZ) repressor proteins work as co-receptors in the jasmonic acid (JA) signalling pathway and are essential for plant development and environmental adaptation. Despite wheat being one of the main staple food crops, until recently, comprehensive analysis of its gene family has been limited due to the lack of complete and high-quality reference genomes. Here, using the latest reference genome, we identified 17 genes in the wheat D-genome donor .
View Article and Find Full Text PDFTraumatic brain injuries (TBI) and stroke are major causes of morbidity and mortality in both developing and developed countries. The complex and heterogeneous pathophysiology of TBI and cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury (CIRI), in addition to the blood-brain barrier (BBB) resistance, is a major barrier to the advancement of diagnostics and therapeutics. Clinical data showed that the severity of TBI and stroke is positively correlated with the number of neutrophils in peripheral blood and brain injury sites.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFRat offspring who are exposed to an amorphous formula of curcumin (CUR) from the embryonic stage have anti-anxiety-like behaviors, enhanced fear extinction learning, and increased synaptic plasticity in the hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG). In the present study, we investigated the links between genes with altered methylation status in the neurogenic niche and enhanced neural functions after CUR exposure. We conducted methylation and RNA sequencing analyses of the DG of CUR-exposed rat offspring on day 77 after delivery.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAims: To assess the time-dependent risk of fracture in adults with type 2 diabetes receiving anti-diabetic drugs.
Materials And Methods: We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library up to 18 November 2021, for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and propensity-score-matched non-randomized studies (NRSs) comparing all anti-diabetic drugs with standard treatment or with each other on fracture in adults with type 2 diabetes. The study performed a one-stage network meta-analysis using discrete-time hazard regression with reconstructed individual time-to-event data.
Studies on the effects of glyphosate (GlyP) and glyphosate-based herbicides (GBHs) on cerebellar development are extremely limited. This study examined the effects of maternal exposure to GlyP and GBH on rat cerebellar development in male offspring. From day 6 of gestation until day 21 postpartum at weaning, dams were given GlyP at 1.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFOchratoxin A (OTA) is a renal carcinogen in rats, and repeated administration induces karyomegaly in proximal tubular epithelial cells (PTECs) of the outer stripe of the outer medulla (OSOM) before inducing proliferative lesions. To investigate whether OTA induces micronuclei (MN) in PTECs, we performed an in vitro MN assay using rat renal NRK-52E PTECs after treatment for ≤21 days, and an in vivo OSOM MN assay in rats treated with OTA, other renal carcinogens, or non-carcinogenic renal toxicants for 4 or 13 weeks. The in vitro assay revealed an increased frequency of micronucleated cells from the acceptable dose level for cell viability, even after 21 days of treatment.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFWe previously performed comprehensive analyses of genes hypermethylated promoter regions and downregulated transcripts in the hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG) of rats upon weaning at postnatal day (PND) 21 after developmental exposure to 6-propyl-2-thiouracil (PTU), valproic acid, and glycidol (GLY), all of which are known to show irreversible effects on hippocampal neurogenesis in adulthood on PND 77. Here, we selected neurotransmitter and neurogenesis-related genes for validation analysis of methylation and expression. As a result, Nrgn by GLY and Shisa7, Agtpbp1, and Cyp46a1 by PTU underwent DNA hypermethylation and sustained downregulation.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFour stable QTL for adult-plant resistance (APR) to powdery mildew were identified on chromosome arms 1DL, 2BS, 2DL, and 6BL in the widely grown Chinese wheat cultivar Bainong 64. These QTL had no effect on response to stripe rust or leaf rust. Wheat powdery mildew, caused by Blumeria graminis f.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThis study compared the effects of embryonic and neonatal lipopolysaccharides (LPS) exposure (E-LPS and N-LPS) on oligodendrocyte (OL) differentiation in the hippocampus of male rats and explored the protective effect of the antioxidant alpha-glycosyl isoquercitrin (AGIQ). Using SD rats, LPS exposure occurred either intraperitoneally in dams between gestational days 15 and 16 (50 µg/kg body weight/time) or in male pups on postnatal day (PND) 3 (1 mg/kg body weight). Under both regimens, AGIQ at 0.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEnniatins are emerging mycotoxins that contaminate foods. The present study investigated the oral pharmacokinetics and 28-day repeated-dose oral toxicity of enniatin B (ENNB) in CD1 (ICR) mice. In the pharmacokinetic study, male mice received a single oral or intravenous dose of ENNB [30 mg/kg body weight (BW) and 1 mg/kg BW, respectively].
View Article and Find Full Text PDFOsteoporosis is a common degenerative metabolic bone disease in caged laying hens. Intensive egg production mobilizing large amounts of Ca from bone for eggshell formation, consequently leading to Ca deficiency, has been recognized as a critical factor causing osteoporosis in commercial laying hens. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of Ca deficiency on the function of the gut microbiota-bone axis and related egg production traits and bone health in laying hens.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFOchratoxin A (OTA) is a mycotoxin that causes renal carcinogenicity following the induction of karyomegaly in proximal tubular cells after repeated administration to rats. Here, we performed gene profiling regarding altered DNA methylation and gene expression in the renal tubules focusing on the mechanism of OTA-induced carcinogenesis. For this purpose, OTA or 3-chloro-1,2-propanediol (3-MCPD), a renal carcinogen not inducing karyomegaly, was administered to rats for 13 weeks, and DNA methylation array and RNA sequencing analyses were performed on proximal tubular cells.
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