Dual-additive-based electrolyte design for aqueous zinc ion batteries with high plating/stripping efficiency.

A dual-additive-based aqueous electrolyte was designed with a pH-buffering additive (Zn(OAc)) and an electrostatic shielding additive (TMAOAc) for high Zn plating/stripping efficiency. The buffering pair, OAc/HOAc, can stabilize the pH value to suppress side hydrogen evolution reactions. Meanwhile, TMA acts as a competitive cation being preferentially adsorbed on the uneven surface of the Zn anode and exerts an electrostatic shielding effect to facilitate flat Zn deposition.