Rising challenges in periprosthetic joint infections: a focus on rare pathogens and their clinical implications.

Objectives: The study aimed to evaluate differences in clinical characteristics and treatment outcomes of periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) attributed to rare versus common pathogens.

Methods: Data on PJI patients who underwent hip or knee arthroplasty at our center from April 2013 to December 2022 were retrospectively collected. Among the 219 enrolled patients, we compared 32 cases of PJI caused by rare pathogens with 187 controls of PJI caused by common pathogens, analyzing demographic information, clinical characteristics, and treatment outcomes.

Novel lipid metabolism factor HIBCH inhibitor synergizes with doxorubicin to suppress osteosarcoma growth and impacts clinical prognosis in osteosarcoma patients.

Background: Osteosarcoma (OS) is a highly malignant primary bone tumor primarily affecting children and adolescents. Despite advancements in therapeutic strategies, long-term survival rates for OS remain unfavorable, especially in advanced or recurrent cases. Emerging evidence has noted the involvement of lipid metabolism dysregulation in OS progression, but the specific mechanisms remain unclear.

Shedding light on negative cultures in osteoarticular infections: leveraging mNGS to unravel risk factors and microbial profiles.

Background: The objective of this study is to utilize metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) to analyze the risk factors causing negative microbial cultures, comprehensively delineate the microbial profiles neglected by traditional cultures, and optimize the pathogenetic diagnostic procedure accordingly.

Research Design And Methods: We enrolled 341 patients diagnosed with OI at our center between 2016 and 2022, and gathered data including age, gender, clinical diagnosis, duration of antibiotic use prior to sampling, microbial culture results, and mNGS results for these patients. According to microbial detection results, risk factors for negative microbial culture and mNGS results were investigated through univariate and multivariate analyses, and the microbial profile in cases with negative microbial cultures was summarized in conjunction with mNGS results.

Key Decision-Making in Post-Failed Internal Fixation of Intertrochanteric Fractures Hip Arthroplasty: A Multicenter Retrospective Study on Fracture Healing's Impact on Femoral Component Selection.

Purpose: Following failed internal fixation of intertrochanteric fractures (FIF-ITF), the decision to use a long-stem or standard-stem femoral implant in hip arthroplasty is still debated. This study aimed to explore how the healing status of fractures after FIF-ITF failure affects the choice of femoral stem and clinical outcomes.

Methods: Our retrospective cohort study reviewed 105 cases of patients with FIF-ITF who underwent hip arthroplasty at three tertiary Grade A hospitals between December 2012 and December 2022.

mA-modified circCacna1c regulates necroptosis and ischemic myocardial injury by inhibiting Hnrnpf entry into the nucleus.

Background: Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are differentially expressed in various cardiovascular diseases, including myocardial infarction (MI) injury. However, their functional role in necroptosis-induced loss of cardiomyocytes remains unclear. We identified a cardiac necroptosis-associated circRNA transcribed from the Cacna1c gene (circCacna1c) to investigate the involvement of circRNAs in cardiomyocyte necroptosis.

Extracellular Hsp90 of Candida albicans contributes to the virulence of the pathogen by activating the NF-κB signaling pathway and inducing macrophage pyroptosis.

Strategies aimed at targeting fungal extracellular heat shock protein 90 (eHsp90) using vaccines and antibodies have demonstrated encouraging potential in the prevention and management of invasive fungal diseases (IFDs). However, the precise underlying mechanism by which eHsp90 contributes to the heightened virulence of Candida albicans (C. albicans) remains an enigma, awaiting further elucidation.

Can "LITE" Procedure Combined With a Short Course Antibiotic Treatment Be Effective in Treating the Chronic PJI?-A Prospective Randomized Controlled Trial.

Objective: The prevailing treatment for chronic periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) is a two-stage exchange, yet the optimal duration of antibiotic therapy following this procedure remains a topic of debate. This study aimed to determine whether a short course of postoperative antibiotic therapy can maintain infection control rates following a long interval two-stage exchange (LITE) for PJI.

Methods: We conducted a prospective study enrolling patients with chronic PJI who underwent the LITE procedure at our institution from April 2018 to November 2021.

Hip arthroplasty following failure of internal fixation in intertrochanteric femoral fractures: classification decision-making for femoral stem selection and clinical validation.

Aims: Following Failed Internal Fixation of Intertrochanteric Fractures (FIF-ITF), the choice of treatment remains a clinical challenge. This study introduces a novel classification system to guide the selection of femoral prostheses in hip arthroplasty (HA) and validates its clinical efficacy.

Methods: Retrospectively, we analyzed 108 cases from three university-affiliated hospitals between December 2012 and February 2023 involving patients who underwent hip arthroplasty due to Failed Internal Fixation of Intertrochanteric Fractures (FIF-ITF).

Detection of rare microorganisms in bone and joint infections by metagenomic next-generation sequencing.

Aims: This aim of this study was to analyze the detection rate of rare pathogens in bone and joint infections (BJIs) using metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS), and the impact of mNGS on clinical diagnosis and treatment.

Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on 235 patients with BJIs who were treated at our hospital between January 2015 and December 2021. Patients were divided into the no-mNGS group (microbial culture only) and the mNGS group (mNGS testing and microbial culture) based on whether mNGS testing was used or not.

Endogenous RBM4 prevents Ang II-induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy via downregulating the expression of PTBP1.

Aberrant gene expression in cardiomyocyte has been revealed to be the fundamental essence of pathological cardiac hypertrophy. However, the detailed mechanisms are not fully understood. The underlying regulators of gene expression involved in cardiac hypertrophy remain to be further identified.

Influencing factors of different metabolic status in hospitalized patients with schizophrenia.

Objective: The aim of this study was to explore the risk factors for different metabolic status in patients with schizophrenia.

Methods: A total of 968 hospitalized patients with schizophrenia were recruited. Fasting blood glucose (GLU) and lipid profile, including total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and triglyceride (TG) were measured.

Wireless Optogenetic Targeting Nociceptors Helps Host Cells Win the Competitive Colonization in Implant-Associated Infections.

The role of nociceptive nerves in modulating immune responses to harmful stimuli via pain or itch induction remains controversial. Compared to conventional surgery, various implant surgeries are more prone to infections even with low bacterial loads. In this study, an optogenetic technique is introduced for selectively activating peripheral nociceptive nerves using a fully implantable, wirelessly rechargeable optogenetic device.

Aberrant brain functional connectivity mediates the effects of negative symptoms on cognitive function in schizophrenia: A structural equation model.

Background: Schizophrenia is a severe psychiatric disorder, characterized by positive symptoms, negative symptoms, and cognitive deficits. Elucidating the mechanism of negative symptom and cognitive deficits could contribute to the treatment and prognosis of schizophrenia. We hypothesized that abnormal functional connectivity would be involved in the indirect effects of negative symptoms on cognitive function.

Alloferon Mitigates LPS-Induced Endometritis by Attenuating the NLRP3/CASP1/IL-1β/IL-18 Signaling Cascade.

Endometritis is an inflammatory reaction of the uterine lining that can lead to infertility. Alloferon, a linear non-glycosylated oligopeptide, has been recognized for its potent anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects. In light of these attributes, this study aims to explore the potential therapeutic effects of alloferon in alleviating endometrial inflammation induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS), while elucidating the underlying protective mechanisms.

A Novel Infrapatellar Fat Pad Preservation Technique in Total Knee Arthroplasty Reduced Postoperative Pain and Wound Complications.

Objective: The management of the infrapatellar fat pad (IPFP) during total knee arthroplasty (TKA) remains controversial. This study aimed to evaluate a novel IPFP preservation technique-"the medially pedicled IPFP flap"-for reducing postoperative pain, wound complications, and improving functional recovery after TKA.

Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on TKA cases at our institution from 2018 to 2021, including those with IPFP preservation (medially pedicled flap) versus IPFP complete resection.

Prosthetic spacers in two-stage revision for knee periprosthetic joint infection achieve better function and similar infection control.

Aims: To explore the clinical efficacy of using two different types of articulating spacers in two-stage revision for chronic knee periprosthetic joint infection (kPJI).

Methods: A retrospective cohort study of 50 chronic kPJI patients treated with two types of articulating spacers between January 2014 and March 2022 was conducted. The clinical outcomes and functional status of the different articulating spacers were compared.

Oxidative modification of miR-30c promotes cardiac fibroblast proliferation via CDKN2C mismatch.

The response of cardiac fibroblast proliferation to detrimental stimuli is one of the main pathological factors causing heart remodeling. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) mediate the proliferation of cardiac fibroblasts. However, the exact molecular mechanism remains unclear.

Preparation and evaluation of decellularized epineurium as an anti-adhesive biofilm in peripheral nerve repair.

Following peripheral nerve anastomosis, the anastomotic site is prone to adhesions with surrounding tissues, consequently impacting the effectiveness of nerve repair. This study explores the development and efficacy of a decellularized epineurium as an anti-adhesive biofilm in peripheral nerve repair. Firstly, the entire epineurium was extracted from fresh porcine sciatic nerves, followed by a decellularization process.

Association between early-life mosquito repellents exposure and ADHD-like behaviours.

Background: Limited research has explored the impact of mosquito repellents exposure during early life on ADHD symptoms. This study aimed to explore the associations of exposure to mosquito repellents from pregnancy to 3 years old and the prevalence of ADHD-like behaviours among children aged 3-9 years, and further identify the sensitive exposure period.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted, including 12 275 children in Hefei City, China.

Improved cure rate of periprosthetic joint infection through targeted antibiotic therapy based on integrated pathogen diagnosis strategy.

Objectives: This study aimed to determine whether combined of pathogen detection strategies, including specimen acquisition, culture conditions, and molecular diagnostics, can improve treatment outcomes in patients with periprosthetic joint infections (PJI).

Methods: This retrospective study included suspected PJI cases from three sequential stages at our institution: Stage A (July 2012 to June 2015), Stage B (July 2015 to June 2018), and Stage C (July 2018 to June 2021). Cases were categorized into PJI and aseptic failure (AF) groups based on European Bone and Joint Infection Society (EBJIS) criteria.

Optical frequency multiplication using residual network with random forest regression.

In this work, we present a method for optical frequency multiplication utilizing a hybrid deep learning approach that integrates the Residual Network (ResNet) with the Random Forest Regression (RFR) algorithm. Three different frequency multiplication modulation schemes are adopted to illustrate the method, which can obtain suitable parameters for these schemes. Based on the parameters predicted by the algorithm, the 8-tupling, 12-tupling, and 16-tupling mm-wave signals are generated by numerical simulation.