SpaDCN: Deciphering Spatial Functional Landscape from Spatially Resolved Transcriptomics by Aligning Cell-Cell Communications.

Spatially resolved transcriptomics (SRT) has emerged as a transformative technology for elucidating cellular organization and tissue architecture. However, a significant challenge remains in identifying pathology-relevant spatial functional landscapes within the tissue microenvironment, primarily due to the limited integration of cell-cell communication dynamics. To address this limitation, SpaDCN, a Spatially Dynamic graph Convolutional Network framework is proposed, which aligns cell-cell communications and gene expression within a spatial context to reveal the spatial functional regions with the coherent cellular organization.

Performance Evaluation of Stabilized Soils with Selected Common Waste Materials of Rice Husk Ash, Steel Slag and Iron Tailing Powder.

Soil stabilization technology has been applied for a long time in the infrastructure construction field. Currently, the use of waste materials as stabilizer is growing in attention, because it promises to develop green and high-performance soil stabilization efficiency. In this work, three common waste materials, including rice husk ash (RHA), steel slag (SS) and iron tailing (IT) powder, were selected and synergistically utilized with cement to prepare stabilized soil.

Neuroprotective Effects of Eugenol Acetate Against Ischemic Stroke.

Objective: To explore the neuroprotective effect of Eugenol Acetate (EA) on post-stroke neuroinflammation and investigate the underlying mechanisms.

Methods: For in vitro experiments, primary microglia were pre-incubated with EA for 2 hours, followed by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation for 24 hours or Oxygen-Glucose Deprivation (OGD) treatment for 4 hours. Real-time quantitative PCR, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and Western blot were performed to examine the expression levels of inflammatory cytokines in primary microglia.

NG-497 Alleviates Microglia-Mediated Neuroinflammation in a MTNR1A-Dependent Manner.

Microglia-mediated neuroinflammation plays a crucial role in multiple neurological diseases. We have previously found that Atglistatin, the mouse Adipose Triglyceride Lipase (ATGL) inhibitor, could promote lipid droplets (LDs) accumulation and suppress LPS-induced neuroinflammation in mouse microglia. However, Atglistatin was species-selective, which limited its use in clinical settings.

Benzydamine attenuates microglia-mediated neuroinflammation and ischemic brain injury by targeting cathepsin s.

Microglia, the primary immune cells of the central nervous system, play a crucial role in the neuroinflammatory processes following ischemic stroke. Targeting neuroinflammation is a promising strategy to enhance the outcomes of ischemic stroke. Benzydamine (BA), a well-known non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, has demonstrated potential in inhibiting pro-inflammatory cytokines across various disease models.

Injectable hypoxia-preconditioned human exfoliated deciduous teeth stem cells encapsulated within GelMA-AMP microspheres for bone regeneration in periodontitis.

Periodontitis, an inflammatory and infectious disease resulting from dental plaque, affects tooth-supporting tissues and interconnects with various systemic conditions. Advancing periodontal tissue regeneration stands as pivotal in periodontitis treatment. Presently, odontogenic stem cells garner substantial interest for dental pulp functional tissue regeneration.

Predictive biomarkers for immune checkpoint inhibitors therapy in lung cancer.

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have changed the treatment mode of lung cancer, extending the survival time of patients unprecedentedly. Once patients respond to ICIs, the median duration of response is usually longer than that achieved with cytotoxic or targeted drugs. Unfortunately, there is still a large proportion of lung cancer patients do not respond to ICI.

Cedrol attenuates acute ischemic injury through inhibition of microglia-associated neuroinflammation via ERβ-NF-κB signaling pathways.

Microglia-associated neuroinflammation plays essential roles in pathology of acute stroke. Cedrol, a natural compound extracted from ginger, has been shown to confer inhibitory effects on inflammation in various diseases. However, whether Cedrol suppresses neuroinflammation and protects brains from acute ischemic injury still remains unclear.

Tertiary Lymphoid Structure in Tumor Microenvironment and Immunotherapy of Lung Cancer.

Immune checkpoint inhibitors have opened an era of lung cancer therapy. However, a notable disparity exists in the efficacy of immunotherapy among individual patients. The tertiary lymphoid structure (TLS) is an ectopic lymphocyte aggregation that appears under pathological conditions and is the primary site of action for anti-tumor immunity.

The impact of lactic acid bacteria inoculation on the fermentation and metabolomic dynamics of indigenous Beijing douzhi microbial communities.

Background: Douzhi, a traditional Chinese fermented beverage, features microbial communities primarily composed of lactic acid bacteria (LAB). As fermented foods continue to gain recognition and popularity, douzhi is attracting growing interest. However, investigation of the critical aspects of douzhi's fermentation processes, including fermentation characteristics and microbial community dynamics, remains vital for enhancing food safety and quality for douzhi, as well as for similar fermented food products.

Tertiary lymphoid structures as potential biomarkers for cancer prediction and prognosis.

Tertiary lymphoid structures (TLSs) are ectopic lymphocyte aggregates formed in non-lymphoid tissues, including cancers, and are loci for the generation of in situ anti-tumor immune responses, which play a crucial role in cancer control. The state of TLS presence in cancer and its composition can significantly impact the treatment response and prognosis of patients. TLSs have the potential to serve as predictive and prognostic biomarkers for cancer.

Mature tertiary lymphoid structures: important contributors to anti-tumor immune efficacy.

Tertiary lymphoid structures (TLS) represent the ectopic aggregations of immune cells arising during chronic inflammation or tumor progression. In cancer, TLS are often associated with beneficial clinical outcomes in patients undergoing immunotherapy, underscoring their prognostic and predictive significance. Mature TLS, characterized by germinal centers and areas of T-cell and B-cell aggregation, are considered primary locations for activating and maintaining both humoral and cellular anti-tumor immune effects.

Thymol improves ischemic brain injury by inhibiting microglia-mediated neuroinflammation.

Background: Microglia-mediated inflammation is a critical factor in the progression of ischemic stroke. Consequently, mitigating excessive microglial activation represents a potential therapeutic strategy for ischemic injury. Thymol, a monophenol derived from plant essential oils, exhibits diverse beneficial biological activities, including anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, with demonstrated protective effects in various disease models.

Primary health care team faultlines and team performance: the mediating role of knowledge sharing.

Family doctor teams, serving as health gatekeepers, are extensively advocated in China. Their composition, comprising a heterogeneous mix of professionals, contributes to a more comprehensive service, but also poses challenges. Consequently, scholarly interest has arisen in comprehending how these compositions, known as faultlines, influence team dynamics and outcomes.

Ficolin-A induces macrophage polarization to a novel pro-inflammatory phenotype distinct from classical M1.

Background: Macrophages are key inflammatory immune cells that orchestrate the initiation and progression of autoimmune diseases. The characters of macrophage in diseases are determined by its phenotype in response to the local microenvironment. Ficolins have been confirmed as crucial contributors to autoimmune diseases, with Ficolin-2 being particularly elevated in patients with autoimmune diseases.

Inhibition of ADORA3 promotes microglial phagocytosis and alleviates chronic ischemic white matter injury.

Background: Adenosine A3 receptor (ADORA3) belongs to the adenosine receptor families and the role of ADORA3 in vascular dementia (VaD) is largely unexplored. The present study sought to determine the therapeutic role of ADORA3 antagonist in a mouse model of VaD.

Methods: The GSE122063 dataset was selected to screen the differential expression genes and pathways between VaD patients and controls.

AZD1390, an ataxia telangiectasia mutated inhibitor, attenuates microglia-mediated neuroinflammation and ischemic brain injury.

Aims: Excessive neuroinflammation mediated mainly by microglia plays a crucial role in ischemic stroke. AZD1390, an ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) specific inhibitor, has been shown to promote radio-sensitization and survival in central nervous system malignancies, while the role of AZD1390 in ischemic stroke remains unknown.

Methods: Real-time PCR, western blot, immunofluorescence staining, flow cytometry and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays were used to assess the activation of microglia and the release of inflammatory cytokines.

Progressive reduction of nuclear receptor Nr4a1 mediates age-dependent cognitive decline.

Introduction: Cognitive decline progresses with age, and Nr4a1 has been shown to participate in memory functions. However, the relationship between age-related Nr4a1 reduction and cognitive decline is undefined.

Methods: Nr4a1 expressions were evaluated by quantitative PCR and immunochemical approaches.

The radiological characteristics, tertiary lymphoid structures, and survival status associated with EGFR mutation in patients with subsolid nodules like stage I-II LUAD.

Background: Epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs) recommended for the patients with subsolid nodule in early lung cancer stage is not routinely. The clinical value and impact in patients with EGFR mutation on survival outcomes is further needed to be elucidated to decide whether the application of EGFR-TKIs was appropriate in early lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) stage appearing as subsolid nodules.

Materials And Methods: The inclusion of patients exhibiting clinical staging of IA-IIB subsolid nodules.

Immune-related adverse events in non-small cell lung cancer: Occurrence, mechanisms and therapeutic strategies.

The emergence of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) has heralded a transformative era in the therapeutic landscape of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). While ICIs have demonstrated clinical efficacy in a portion of patients with NSCLC, these treatments concurrently precipitate a spectrum of immune-related adverse events (irAEs), encompassing mild to severe manifestations, collectively posing a risk of significant organ damage. Consequently, there exists an imperative to augment our comprehension of the pathophysiological underpinnings of irAEs and to formulate more efficacious preventive and ameliorative strategies.

γ-Glutamylcysteine ameliorates blood-brain barrier permeability and neutrophil extracellular traps formation after ischemic stroke by modulating Wnt/β-catenin signalling in mice.

During the inflammatory response after stroke, the blood-brain barrier (BBB) is significantly disrupted, compromising its integrity. This disruption allows many peripheral neutrophils to infiltrate the injury site in the brain and release neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), which further increase BBB permeability. In this study, we aimed to investigate the protective effects of γ-Glutamylcysteine (γ-GC), an immediate precursor of GSH, against BBB breakdown and NET formation after ischemic stroke.

Echinatin protects from ischemic brain injury by attenuating NLRP3-related neuroinflammation.

Background: Microglia-mediated neuroinflammation is the major contributor to the secondary brain injury of ischemic stroke. NLRP3 is one of the major components of ischemia-induced microglial activation. Echinatin, a chalcone found in licorice, was reported to have the activity of anti-inflammation and antioxidant.

Neuroprotective effects of Aucubin against cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury.

Aims: To study the role of Aucubin (AU) in cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury and investigate the potential mechanisms.

Methods: For the in vitro experiment, primary microglia were cultured and stimulated by Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) and treated with AU. Male C57/BL6J mice were used and middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model was performed to induce cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury.