Phenotypic diversity of Bordetella pertussis against Trimethoprim/Sulphamethoxazole in vitro tests.

Background: Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (TMP/SMZ), traditionally a second-line drug, is now proposed as the primary alternative treatment for macrolide-resistant Bordetella pertussis (B.pertussis). Thus, there is an urgent need to evaluate the phenotypic profile of B.

Nickel-Catalyzed Highly Selective Radical C-C Coupling from Carboxylic Acids with Photoredox Catalysis.

Controlling the cross-coupling reaction between two different radicals is a long-standing challenge due to the process occurring statistically, which would lead to three products, including two homocoupling products and one cross-coupling product. Generally, the cross-coupling selectivity is achieved by the persistent radical effect (PRE) that requires the presence of a persistent radical and a transient radical, thus resulting in limited radical precursors. In this paper, a highly selective cross-coupling of alkyl radicals with acyl radicals to construct C(sp)-C(sp) bonds, or with alkyl radicals to construct C(sp)-C(sp) bonds have been achieved with the readily available carboxylic acids and their derivatives (NHPI ester) as coupling partners.

Photoinduced activation of alkyl chlorides.

In recent years, the activation of unactivated alkyl chlorides through light-induced processes has emerged as a promising field in radical chemistry, and has led to new transformations in organic synthesis. Direct utilization of alkyl chlorides as C(sp)-hybridized electrophiles enables the facile construction of carbon-carbon and carbon-heteroatom bonds. Furthermore, recent studies in medicinal chemistry indicate that their presence is associated with high levels of success in clinical trials.

Dinuclear-gold-catalyzed cyclization of 1,7-enynes with alkyl bromides.

Dinuclear-gold-catalyzed radical difunctionalization of alkyl bromides with 1,7-enynes has been established dehalogenation and 1,5-HAT processes. This protocol was used to construct, in a facile and efficient manner, a wide range of cyclopenta[]quinolines bearing two quaternary carbon centers with good yields (28 examples, up to 84% yield). The good functional group compatibility and gram-scale preparation ability of the reaction proved its synthetic robustness.

Microbial colonization and degradation of marine microplastics in the plastisphere: A review.

Marine microplastic pollution is a growing problem for ecotoxicology that needs to be resolved. In particular, microplastics may be carriers of "dangerous hitchhikers," pathogenic microorganisms, i.e.

Stakeholders' solutions to antiretroviral therapy interruption during the COVID-19 pandemic in China: a short report.

Obtaining antiretroviral therapy (ART) was a challenge for people living with HIV (PLHIV) in China during the COVID-19 outbreak. On 26 January 2020, the Chinese Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention issued a nationwide directive to relax restrictions on where and when PLHIV could refill ART. This qualitative study explored unexpected barriers under this directive and recommendations to improve future ART delivery.

Pediatric HIV Pre-test Informational Video is Associated with Higher Knowledge Scores Compared to Counselor-Delivered Information.

Video-based pre-test information is used in high resource settings to increase HIV testing coverage but remains untested in resource-limited settings. We conducted formative and evaluative focus group discussions with healthcare workers (HCWs) and caregivers of children in Kenya to develop and refine a pediatric HIV pre-test informational video. We then assessed HIV knowledge among caregivers sequentially enrolled in one of three pre-test information groups: (1) individual HCW-led (N = 50), (2) individual video-based (N = 50), and (3) group video-based (N = 50) sessions.

Brief Report: Pediatric Saliva-Based HIV Testing: Health care Worker and Caregiver Acceptability.

Background: Pediatric HIV testing remains suboptimal. The OraQuick test [saliva-based test (SBT)] is validated in pediatric populations ≥18 months. Understanding caregiver and health care worker (HCW) acceptability of pediatric SBT is critical for implementation.

Stakeholder efforts to mitigate antiretroviral therapy interruption among people living with HIV during the COVID-19 pandemic in China: a qualitative study.

Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic has affected antiretroviral therapy (ART) continuity among people living with HIV (PLHIV) worldwide. We conducted a qualitative study to explore barriers to ART maintenance and solutions to ART interruption when stringent COVID-19 control measures were implemented in China, from the perspective of PLHIV and relevant key stakeholders.

Methods: Between 11 February and 15 February 2020, we interviewed PLHIV, community-based organization (CBO) workers, staff from centres for disease control and prevention (CDC) at various levels whose work is relevant to HIV care (CDC staff), HIV doctors and nurses and drug vendors from various regions in China.