Exploring the Function of OPTN From Multiple Dimensions.

Autophagy is an essential intracellular degradation system responsible for delivering cytoplasmic components to lysosomes. Within this intricate process, optineurin (OPTN), an autophagy receptor, has attracted extensive attention due to its multifaceted roles in the autophagy process. OPTN is regulated by various posttranslational modifications and actively participates in numerous signaling pathways and cellular processes.

OPA1 Mediated Fatty Acid β-Oxidation in Hepatocyte: The Novel Insight for Melatonin Attenuated Apoptosis in Concanavalin A Induced Acute Liver Injury.

Melatonin (MLT) has been reported to attenuate Concanavalin A (Con A)-induced acute liver injury via the inhibition of immune cells. Whereas the response of hepatocyte to Con A-caused inflammatory storm and the mechanism of MLT on hepatocyte remain not fully understood. Our RNA-seq and bioinformatic analyses suggested that OPA1 and fatty acid β-oxidation might be critical.

Low-cost spatially variable polarizers via polarization holography.

In this study, we propose a novel, to the best of our knowledge, method for designing low-cost, continuously spatially variable polarizers using polarization holography. We use these devices to generate vector vortex beams and detect scalar vortex beams. Our approach begins with designing polarization holograms that act as polarizers, each with distinct transmission axes recorded at various polar angles on polarization-sensitive materials using a dynamic recording system.

Structural basis for the reaction cycle and transport mechanism of human Na-sulfate cotransporter NaS1 (SLC13A1).

Sulfate (SO) is a pivotal inorganic anion with essential roles in mammalian physiology. NaS1, a member of solute carrier 13 family and divalent anion/sodium symporter family, functions as a Na-sulfate cotransporter, facilitating sulfate (re)absorption across renal proximal tubule and small intestine epithelia. While previous studies have linked several human disorders to mutations in the gene, its transport mechanism remains unclear.

Comprehensive design of all-optical logic devices utilizing polarization holography.

Polarization holography has emerged as a promising method for manipulating the amplitude, phase, and polarization states of light waves. This study proposes what we believe to be a novel design method for various all-optical logic devices, including a complete set of all-optical Boolean logic gates and a polarization-controlled 1 × 4 optical switch, utilizing polarization holography. Through the angle multiplexing technique, specially designed polarization holograms are recorded in polarization-sensitive material, transforming it into all-optical Boolean logic gates and a polarization-controlled 1 × 4 optical switch.

Mechanism-based inactivators of sirtuin 5: A focused structure-activity relationship study.

Sirtuin 5 (SIRT5) is a lysine deacylase enzyme that cleaves negatively charged ε-N-acyllysine posttranslational modifications, arising from short dicarboxylic acids. Inhibition of SIRT5 has been suggested as a target for treatment of leukemia and breast cancer. In this work, we performed a focused structure-activity relationship study that identified highly potent inhibitors of SIRT5.

Aerobic Exercise Protects against Cardiotoxin-Induced Skeletal Muscle Injury in a DDAH1-Dependent Manner.

Dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase 1 (DDAH1) is a critical enzyme that regulates nitric oxide (NO) signaling through the degradation of asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA). Previous studies have revealed a link between the beneficial effects of aerobic exercise and the upregulation of DDAH1 in bones and hearts. We previously reported that skeletal muscle DDAH1 plays a protective role in cardiotoxin (CTX)-induced skeletal muscle injury and regeneration.

[Establishment and evaluation of haloalkane dehalogenase tagged -adrenergic receptor chromatography].

Receptor chromatography is an efficient analytical technique that combines the high separation ability of chromatography with the high specificity of receptors for drug recognition. In addition, this technique offers the advantages of active recognition, online separation, and convenient multidimensional target tracking. This strategy allows target active ingredients in complex systems, such as traditional Chinese medicines, to be efficiently screened and accurately identified.

Metagenomic and metabolite analysis reveals microbial community and metabolite dynamics in fermented .

The soaking and fermentation of the stems and leaves is an important intermediate step in the processing of . However, the relationship between microbiota and yields is still poorly understood. This study aimed to compare microbial communities and metabolite profiles at various stages of soaking fermentation, followed by validation of the results using HPLC.

Improved pore structure characterization and classification of strong diagenesis sandstones by data-mining analytics in Tazhong area, Tarim Basin.

The Silurian system in Tazhong area is characterized by extensive, low-abundance lithological reservoirs with strong diagenesis, resulting in significant heterogeneity. The complex pore structure in this area significantly impacts fluid control, making accurate characterization and classification of pore structures crucial for understanding reservoir properties and their influence on oil and gas distribution. Based on 314 Mercury Injection Capillary Pressure (MICP) samples in combination with core slices and thin casting slices observation, a pipeline of characterization and classification scheme by data-mining analytics of strong diagenesis sandstone pore structure types in the study zone is established, and the characteristics of different pore structures are clarified.

Method for fabricating circular polarization beam splitters based on polarization holography.

Based on polarization holography, circular polarization beam splitters with separation angles of up to 100° have been fabricated. The left- and right-handed circularly polarized waves can be reconstructed by the two holograms that were designed by the tensor theory of polarization holography, respectively. In the fabrication of circular polarization beam splitters, two holograms were recorded only by the interference method in the same area of the polarization-sensitive material.

Attentional Bias in Older Adults with Non-Clinical Depression: An Eye-Tracking Study.

Background: Cognitive models of depression assert that attentional biases play an important role in the maintenance of depression. However, few studies have explored attentional bias in depressed older adults, and no consistent conclusions have been reached.

Methods: In the current study, we investigated attentional bias in older adults with non-clinical depression.

Bivalent affinity binding-inspired PPARγ immobilization with selective conformation and improved ligand-binding activity.

Functional protein immobilization forms the basis for bio-detections. A series of one-point, site-specific immobilization methods have been developed, however, it still remains as a challenge how to avoid the proteins to move in all directions as well as conveniently regenerate the bio-devices. Herein, we have developed a bivalent affinity binding-inspired method for PPARγ immobilization using DNA aptamer and nickel-nitrilotriacetic acid (Ni-NTA) chelation.

Screening and analysis of the targeted compounds in Choerospondias axillaris extract by receptor chromatographic column with immobilized angiotensin II type 1 receptor.

As a result of the lack of modern techniques, the study of Tibetan medicine has been hindered in identifying bioactive compounds. Herein, we established a chromatographic approach using an immobilized angiotensin II type 1 receptor (ATR) via a one-step method triggered by haloalkane dehalogenase. The bioactive compounds from Choerospondias axillaris (Guangzao) were screened and identified using the immobilized ATR followed by MS.

Conformal and conductive biofilm-bridged artificial Z-scheme system for visible light-driven overall water splitting.

Semi-artificial Z-scheme systems offer promising potential toward efficient solar-to-chemical conversion, yet sustainable and stable designs are currently lacking. Here, we developed a sustainable hybrid Z-scheme system capable for visible light-driven overall water splitting by integrating the durability of inorganic photocatalysts with the interfacial adhesion and regenerative property of bacterial biofilms. The Z-scheme configuration is fabricated by drop casting a mixture of photocatalysts onto a glass plate, followed by the growth of biofilms for conformal conductive paste through oxidative polymerization of pyrrole molecules.

The intestinal epithelial-macrophage-crypt stem cell axis plays a crucial role in regulating and maintaining intestinal homeostasis.

The intestinal tract plays a vital role in both digestion and immunity, making its equilibrium crucial for overall health. This equilibrium relies on the dynamic interplay among intestinal epithelial cells, macrophages, and crypt stem cells. Intestinal epithelial cells play a pivotal role in protecting and regulating the gut.

Cryo-EM structure of HQNO-bound alternative complex III from the anoxygenic phototrophic bacterium Chloroflexus aurantiacus.

Alternative complex III (ACIII) couples quinol oxidation and electron acceptor reduction with potential transmembrane proton translocation. It is compositionally and structurally different from the cytochrome bc1/b6f complexes but functionally replaces these enzymes in the photosynthetic and/or respiratory electron transport chains (ETCs) of many bacteria. However, the true compositions and architectures of ACIIIs remain unclear, as do their structural and functional relevance in mediating the ETCs.

An LC-MS/MS method for serum cystatin C quantification and its comparison with two commercial immunoassays.

Objectives: The standardization of cystatin C (CysC) measurement has received increasing attention in recent years due to its importance in estimating glomerular filtration rate (GFR). Mass spectrometry-based assays have the potential to provide an accuracy base for CysC measurement. However, a precise, accurate and sustainable LC-MS/MS method for CysC is still lacking.

DNA methylation remodeled amino acids biosynthesis regulates flower senescence in carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus).

Dynamic DNA methylation regulatory networks are involved in many biological processes. However, how DNA methylation patterns change during flower senescence and their relevance with gene expression and related molecular mechanism remain largely unknown. Here, we used whole genome bisulfite sequencing to reveal a significant increase of DNA methylation in the promoter region of genes during natural and ethylene-induced flower senescence in carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus L.

Identification and targeting of cancer-associated fibroblast signature genes for prognosis and therapy in Cutaneous melanoma.

Background: Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) play pivotal roles in tumor invasion and metastasis. However, studies on CAF biomarkers in Cutaneous Melanoma (CM) are still scarce. This study aimed to explore the potential CAF biomarkers in CM, propose the potential therapeutic targets, and provide new insights for targeted therapy of CAFs in CM.

Post-ovulatory aging affects mitochondria, spindle and protein metabolism in mouse oocytes.

In Brief: Post-ovulatory aging (POA) results in a decline in oocyte quality and embryonic developmental capacity although the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. This study provides comprehensive mRNA expression profiles of fresh and aging oocytes in mice for the first time.

Abstract: POA impairs the quality of mammalian oocytes with harmful effects on the developmental potential of the embryo.

Protein crotonylation: An emerging regulator in DNA damage response.

DNA damage caused by internal or external factors lead to increased genomic instability and various diseases. The DNA damage response (DDR) is a crucial mechanism that maintaining genomic stability through detecting and repairing DNA damage timely. Post-translational modifications (PTMs) play significant roles in regulation of DDR.

An insertion of transposon in DcNAP inverted its function in the ethylene pathway to delay petal senescence in carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus L.).

Petal senescence is the final stage of flower development. Transcriptional regulation plays key roles in this process. However, whether and how post-transcriptional regulation involved is still largely unknown.