Barriers and Facilitators to the Participation of Pregnant Women in Clinical Research: A Mixed-Methods Systematic Review.

Objectives: Pregnant women had a large demand for diagnosis and treatment, but the clinical research was not sufficient, and there were many barriers for pregnant women to participate in clinical research. This study aimed to systematically identify these barriers and facilitators, map them with Theoretical Domains Framework (TDF) and Behavior Change Techniques (BCTs) to inform the development of interventions promoting pregnant women's involvement in clinical research.

Methods: This was a mixed-methods systematic review.

Percutaneous Coronary Interventional Treatment of Left Main Trifurcation Lesion: A Case Report.

Coronary artery disease (CAD) remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, particularly among complex high-risk and indicated patients (CHIP). Revascularization is often beneficial for these patients; however, it requires thorough risk stratification and close multidisciplinary collaboration between cardiologists and cardiac surgeons to optimize outcomes. Personalized treatment plans, including percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) or coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), are crucial in this context.

Relationship among ultrasound features, pus Mycobacterium tuberculosis load, and efficacy of antituberculosis drugs in patients with necrotizing tuberculous lymphadenitis.

For patients with necrotizing cervical tuberculous lymphadenitis (CTL) who have formed abscesses and are unwilling to undergo surgery, early and accurate assessment of drug therapy should be performed to guide subsequent clinical adjustments. This study investigated 22 patients with necrotizing CTL who underwent chemotherapy at our hospital from February 2020 to December 2022. They were diagnosed based on the positive results of pathogen detection methods (acid-fast bacillus smear, mycobacteria culture, Gene X-pert, and next-generation sequencing).

Femtosecond Laser Assisted Chemical Ionization Mass Spectrometry: Toward Sub-ppq Detection Limits for Organic Molecules.

Ultrasensitive analysis of organic molecules is crucial for various fundamental research and applications. State-of-the-art techniques for this purpose can achieve detection limits of several hundred ppq (parts-per-quadrillion), while a higher sensitivity is pursued constantly. To achieve this goal, we develop femtosecond laser assisted chemical ionization for mass spectrometry.

Polyamidoamine Dendrimers: Brain-Targeted Drug Delivery Systems in Glioma Therapy.

Glioma is the most common primary intracranial tumor, which is formed by the malignant transformation of glial cells in the brain and spinal cord. It has the characteristics of high incidence, high recurrence rate, high mortality and low cure rate. The treatments for glioma include surgical removal, chemotherapy and radiotherapy.

Can Ultrasound Evaluation of Lymph Node Size and Necrosis Rate Predict Chemotherapy Response in Cervical Tuberculous Lymphadenitis?

Purpose: To explore the relationship between the initial size and the necrotic rate of lymph nodes evaluated by ultrasound in patients with cervical tuberculous lymphadenitis (CTL) and therapeutic response.

Methods: Overall, 55 patients were included in this study. Conventional ultrasound and contrast-enhanced ultrasound examination were performed before anti-tuberculosis chemotherapy.

PGAM5 interacts with and maintains BNIP3 to license cancer-associated muscle wasting.

Regressing the accelerated degradation of skeletal muscle protein is a significant goal for cancer cachexia management. Here, we show that genetic deletion of ameliorates skeletal muscle atrophy in various tumor-bearing mice. ablation represses excessive myoblast mitophagy and effectively suppresses mitochondria meltdown and muscle wastage.

Time-dependent interaction modification generated from plant-soil feedback.

Pairwise interactions between species can be modified by other community members, leading to emergent dynamics contingent on community composition. Despite the prevalence of such higher-order interactions, little is known about how they are linked to the timing and order of species' arrival. We generate population dynamics from a mechanistic plant-soil feedback model, then apply a general theoretical framework to show that the modification of a pairwise interaction by a third plant depends on its germination phenology.

Bacteria Synergized with PD-1 Blockade Enhance Positive Feedback Loop of Cancer Cells-M1 Macrophages-T Cells in Glioma.

Cancer immunotherapy is an attractive strategy because it stimulates immune cells to target malignant cells by regulating the intrinsic activity of the immune system. However, due to lacking many immunologic markers, it remains difficult to treat glioma, a representative "cold" tumor. Herein, to wake the "hot" tumor immunity of glioma, Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg) is customized with a coating to create an immunogenic tumor microenvironment and further prove the effect in combination with the immune checkpoint agent anti-PD-1, exhibiting elevated therapeutic efficacy.

Evolutionary Identification of the Requirement of the Second Intracellular Loop for the Constitutive Activity of Melanocortin-4 Receptors.

Melanocortin-4 receptor (MC4R) functions as a crucial neuroendocrine G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) in the central nervous system of mammals, displaying agonist-independent constitutive activity that is mainly determined by its N-terminal domain. We previously reported that zebrafish MC4R exhibited a much higher basal cAMP level in comparison to mammalian MC4Rs. However, the functional evolution of constitutive activities in chordate MC4Rs remains to be elucidated.

A new species of (Sordariomycetes, Chaetosphaeriales, Chaetosphaeriaceae) from freshwater habitats in China.

Background: Freshwater fungi refer to the fungi that depend on the freshwater habitats for the whole life cycle or part of their life cycle. In this context, a new aquatic hyphomycete was isolated from decaying wood in a freshwater habitat in Jiangxi Province, China.

New Information: sp.

Impact of a high dietary fiber cereal meal intervention on body weight, adipose distribution, and cardiovascular risk among individuals with type 2 diabetes.

Objective: This study sought to examine the impacts of a high dietary fiber cereal meal in comparison to conventional dietary management for diabetes on body weight, distribution of adipose tissue, and cardiovascular risk among individuals diagnosed with type 2 diabetes (T2DM).

Methods: A cohort of 120 patients diagnosed with T2DM was enlisted as the study population and divided into two groups using a ratio of 2:1-namely, the W group (n=80) and the U group (n=40). The U group (control) received usual diet, while the W group (intervention) incorporated a high dietary fiber cereal meal in place of their regular staple food in addition to adhering to conventional diabetes dietary recommendations.

Polymorphonuclear myeloid-derived suppressor cells play a proinflammatory role via TNF-α B cells through BAFF/BTK/NF-κB signalling pathway in the pathogenesis of collagen-induced arthritis mice.

Although various studies have been performed on the function of polymorphonuclear myeloid-derived suppressor cells (PMN-MDSCs) in RA, the results were conflicting. Here we were trying to clarify the role of PMN-MDSCs in the pathogenesis of RA and its specific mechanisms. We detected the frequencies and counts of PMN-MDSCs, TNF-α B cells and Ki67 B cells in spleen and inflamed joints of collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) mice using flow cytometry.

Acupressure can reduce preoperative anxiety in adults with elective surgery: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials.

Background: Preoperative anxiety is prevalent amongst adults with elective surgery and is associated with multiple detrimental perioperative physiological effects. Increasing studies support the effectiveness of acupressure in managing preoperative anxiety. However, the magnitude of acupressure's positive association with preoperative anxiety is still unclear due to a lack of rigorous evidence synthesis.

Effectiveness of auricular acupoint therapy targeting menstrual pain for primary dysmenorrhea: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

Background: Primary dysmenorrhea (PD) is a global public health concern affecting women's health and quality of life, leading to productivity loss and increased medical expenses. As a non-pharmacological intervention, auricular acupoint therapy (AAT) has been increasingly applied to treat PD, but the overall effectiveness remains unclear.

Aims: The aim of this review was to synthesize the effects of AAT targeting menstrual pain among females with PD.

Switching of radical and nonradical pathways through the surface defects of FeO/MoOS in a Fenton-like reaction.

Coexistence of radical and nonradical reaction pathways during advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) makes it challenging to obtain flexible regulation of high efficiency and selectivity for the requirement of diverse degradation. Herein, a series of FeO/MoOS samples coupling peroxymonosulfate (PMS) systems enabled the switching of radical and nonradical pathways through the inclusion of defects and adjustment of Mo/Mo ratios. The silicon cladding operation introduced defects by disrupting the original lattice of FeO and MoOS.

Effectiveness of virtual reality distraction interventions to reduce dental anxiety in paediatric patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objectives: To analyse the effectiveness of virtual reality (VR) distraction intervention for the management of dental anxiety in paediatric patients.

Data: Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) of VR distraction interventions for reducing anxiety in paediatric patients, published in English were included.

Sources: Seven databases, including PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, MEDLINE via ProQuest, EMBASE, CINAHL and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, covering the period between January 2000 and September 2022 were searched.

(Pleurotheciales, Pleurotheciaceae), a new species from freshwater habitats in China.

Background: Freshwater fungi play an indispensable role in the ecosystem and have great research value. Based on morphological and phylogenetic analyses of a concatenated dataset of ITS, LSU and SSU sequences, a new species, , was introduced as a freshwater hyphomycete from Anhui Province, China.

New Information: was morphologically described as erect, rigid, dark brown to black, velvety synnemata which has macronematous, septate, branched, brown to dark brown, parallel adpressed conidiophores with polyblastic, integrated, terminal, hyaline to pale brown, smooth, denticulate, sympodial conidiogenous cells and ellipsoidal to obovoid, rounded at the apex, obtuse and tapering towards base, septate, guttulate conidia.

Sirt3 restricts tumor initiation via promoting LONP1 deacetylation and K63 ubiquitination.

Background: Sirtuin 3 (Sirt3) is a controversial regulator of carcinogenesis. It residents in the mitochondria and gradually decays during aging. In this study, we tried to investigate the role of Sirt3 in carcinogenesis and to explore its involvement in metabolic alteration.

SHIP1 is required for the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps in rheumatoid arthritis.

Aberrant neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are involved in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). However, the specific pathway leading to NET formation in RA is poorly understood. Therefore, therapies targeting NETs are not available in RA.

EcoEvoApps: Interactive apps for theoretical models in ecology and evolutionary biology.

The integration of theory and data drives progress in science, but a persistent barrier to such integration in ecology and evolutionary biology is that theory is often developed and expressed in the form of mathematical models that can feel daunting and inaccessible for students and empiricists with variable quantitative training and attitudes towards math. A promising way to make mathematical models more approachable is to embed them into interactive tools with which one can visually evaluate model structures and directly explore model outcomes through simulation. To promote such interactive learning of quantitative models, we developed EcoEvoApps, a collection of free, open-source, and multilingual R/Shiny apps that include model overviews, interactive model simulations, and code to implement these models directly in R.