Mechanisms of Aluminum Toxicity Impacting Root Growth in Shatian Pomelo.

Aluminum (Al) toxicity in acidic soils poses significant challenges to crop growth and development. However, the response mechanism of Shatian pomelo ( 'Shatian Yu') roots to Al toxicity remains poorly understood. This study employed root phenotype analysis, physiological response index measurement, root transcriptome analysis, and quantitative PCR (qPCR) validation to investigate the effects of Al toxicity on Shatian pomelo roots.

A Strongly Coupled 1T'-ReSe@2H-MoSe van der Waals Heterostructure for Efficient Electrocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution at High Current Densities.

Developing efficient and durable non-noble metal electrocatalysts for high current-density hydrogen evolution reactions (HER) is a pressing requirement for commercial industrial electrolyzers. In this study, a vertical 1T'-ReSe@2H-MoSe van der Waals heterostructure was developed through interface engineering to enhance the advantages of each component and expose numerous active sites. Experimental investigations and density functional theory calculations demonstrate significant electronic coupling at the interface between 1T'-ReSe and 2H-MoSe, with suitable Gibbs free energy for hydrogen adsorption.

Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of NiTi Alloy Prepared by Double-Wire + Arc Additive Manufacturing Plus Heat Treatment.

In this study, NiTi shape memory alloy was prepared by double-wire + arc additive manufacturing plus heat treatment using TA1 and ER-Ni welding wires as the raw materials. The results show that the microstructural evolution from the bottom to top is NiTi + NiTi → NiTi + NiTi + NiTi → NiTi + NiTi + NiTi + NiTi + α-Ti. Complex thermal cycles led to the precipitation of NiTi, which improves the hardness of the matrix (B2), and the average hardness value of the top region reaches 550.

Band Gap Engineering of MoWS Alloy Monolayers with Wafer-Scale Uniformity.

Modulating the band gap of two-dimensional (2D) transition metal dichalcogenide (TMDC) semiconductors is critical for their application in a wider spectral range. Alloying has been demonstrated as an effective method for regulating the band gap of 2D TMDC semiconductors. The fabrication of large-area 2D TMDC alloy films with centimeter-scale uniformity is fundamental to the application of integrated devices.

Application of deep learning radiomics in oral squamous cell carcinoma-Extracting more information from medical images using advanced feature analysis.

Objective: To conduct a systematic review with meta-analyses to assess the recent scientific literature addressing the application of deep learning radiomics in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC).

Materials And Methods: Electronic and manual literature retrieval was performed using PubMed, Web of Science, EMbase, Ovid-MEDLINE, and IEEE databases from 2012 to 2023. The ROBINS-I tool was used for quality evaluation; random-effects model was used; and results were reported according to the PRISMA statement.

The Effects of Processing Parameters during the Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing of 308L Stainless Steel on the Formation of a Thin-Walled Structure.

Wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) excels in producing medium to large components with a high deposition rate. Process optimization is crucial for uniform, defect-free components. This research employs orthogonal experimental design and response surface methodology (RSM) to control TIG WAAM-ed 308L stainless steel components.

HDS-Net: Achieving fine-grained skin lesion segmentation using hybrid encoding and dynamic sparse attention.

Skin cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors worldwide, and early detection is crucial for improving its cure rate. In the field of medical imaging, accurate segmentation of lesion areas within skin images is essential for precise diagnosis and effective treatment. Due to the capacity of deep learning models to conduct adaptive feature learning through end-to-end training, they have been widely applied in medical image segmentation tasks.

Microstructure and properties of a shape memory alloy Ti-Ni-Al-V fabricated by double-wire arc additive manufacturing.

In this study, a novel heterogeneous double-wire arc additive manufacturing method was used for the in-situ synthesis of a novel Ti-Ni-Al-V alloy wall. The results indicated that the synthesis wall was composed of the NiTi, B, and NiTi phases from the bottom to the top. With an increase in deposition layers, the Ti2Ni content decreased.

Te-doped-WSe/W as a stable monolith catalyst for ampere-level current density hydrogen evolution reaction.

The development of efficient electrocatalysts for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) holds immense importance in the context of large-scale hydrogen production from water. Nevertheless, the practical application of such catalysts still relies on precious platinum-based materials. There is a pressing need to design high-performing, non-precious metal electrocatalysts capable of generating hydrogen at substantial current levels.

Blue light at night produces stress-evoked heightened aggression by enhancing brain-derived neurotrophic factor in the basolateral amygdala.

Light is an underappreciated mood manipulator. People are often exposed to electronic equipment, which results in nocturnal blue light exposure in modern society. Light pollution drastically shortens the night phase of the circadian rhythm.

Boosting the Plasmon-Mediated Electrochemical Oxidation of -Aminothiophenol with -Hydroxythiophenol as Molecular Cocatalyst.

Plasmon-mediated electrochemistry is an emerging area of interest in which the electrochemical reactions are enhanced by employing metal nanostructures possessing localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR). However, the reaction efficacy is still far below its theoretical limit due to the ultrafast relaxation of LSPR-generated hot carriers. Herein, we introduce -hydroxythiophenol (PHTP) as a molecular cocatalyst to significantly improve the reaction efficacy in plasmon-mediated electrochemical oxidation of -aminothiophenol (PATP) on gold nanoparticles.

Selectively Adsorbed -Aminothiophenol Molecules Improve the Electrocatalytic and Photo-Electrocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution on Au/TiO.

Electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) is receiving increasing attention as an effective process to produce clean energy. The commonly used precious metal catalysts can be hybridized with semiconductors to form heterostructures for the improvement of catalytic efficiency and reduction of cost. It will be promising to further improve the efficiency of heterostructure-based nanocatalysts in electrocatalytic and photocatalytic HER using a simple and effective method.

Potential Correlation between Microbial Diversity and Volatile Flavor Substances in a Novel Chinese-Style Sausage during Storage.

A novel Chinese-style sausage with Chinese traditional fermented condiments used as additional ingredients is produced in this study. The aim of this study was to investigate the microbial community's structure, the volatile flavor substances and their potential correlation in the novel Chinese sausage. High-throughput sequencing (HTS) and solid-phase microextraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) were, respectively, used to analyze the microbial diversity and volatile flavor substances of the novel Chinese-style sausage during storage.

DBAN: An improved dual branch attention network combined with serum Raman spectroscopy for diagnosis of diabetic kidney disease.

Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is one of the most common kidney diseases worldwide. It is estimated that approximately 537 million adults worldwide have diabetes, and up to 30%-40% of diabetic patients are at risk of developing nephropathy. The pathogenesis of DKD is complex, and its onset is insidious.

BTRX-246040 Acts Through the Ventrolateral Periaqueductal Gray to Exert Antidepressant-Relevant Actions in Mice.

Background: BTRX-246040, a nociceptin/orphanin FQ peptide receptor antagonist, is being developed for the treatment of depressive patients. However, the underlying mechanism of this potential antidepressant is still largely unclear. Here, we studied the antidepressant-related actions of BTRX-246040 in the ventrolateral periaqueductal gray (vlPAG).

Reduced Graphene Oxide-Doped Porous Thermoplastic Polyurethane Sponges for Highly Efficient Oil/Water Separation.

In this paper, a porous polyurethane sponge with excellent hydrophobicity was prepared through thermal phase separation. Preparation condition modified experiments were systematically carried out, and a sponge with a saturated oil absorption capacity (13.3 g g) and a rapid absorption rate (achieving absorption equilibrium within 20 s) was achieved.

Development of a calcium alginate-cellulose nanocrystal-based coating to reduce the impact of oil spills on shorelines.

It is well known that oil stranded on shoreline substrates can be difficult to remove and cause serious environmental effects. To address this issue, a calcium alginate-cellulose nanocrystal (CA-CNC)-based coating with a unique surface structure and superhydrophobic properties was developed to reduce the extent of shoreline oiling. The results of batch washing test showed that not only did the introduction of CNC not reduce the oil removal efficiency; it also improved the environmental stability of the coating to resist the effects associated with seawater immersion and erosion (especially in the case of 0.

Exploring the Effects of Argument Map-Supported Online Group Debate Activities on College Students' Critical Thinking.

Debate has been warranted as a meaningful activity to promote students' higher-level thinking, such as critical thinking. However, traditional debate activities which are typically carried out in the physical classroom may meet some obstructions of limited time and space, which would result in the phenomenon that many participants act as silent watchers rather than mind exchangers. Moreover, it is hard to make a visualized record about the whole process and contents of the traditional debate activity.

The increase of α-synuclein and alterations of dynein in A53T transgenic and aging mouse.

The dynein protein plays a key role in the degradation pathway by attaching to targeted molecules and transporting the autophagosome to the centrosome. Aging plays an important role in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD), but its effect on dynein is not clear. In this study we analyzed behavioral characteristics using the rod endurance test and climbing rod time test in different aged mice (3 months, 12 months, 20 months), and measured protein expression of dynein, α-synuclein, Tctex-1, and LC3 in the substantianigra of the mice by Western blot.

Highly Resolved and Robust Dynamic X-Ray Imaging Using Perovskite Glass-Ceramic Scintillator with Reduced Light Scattering.

All-inorganic perovskite quantum dots (QDs) CsPbX (X = Cl, Br, and I) have recently emerged as a new promising class of X-ray scintillators. However, the instability of perovskite QDs and the strong optical scattering of the thick opaque QD scintillator film imped it to realize high-quality and robust X-ray image. Herein, the europium (Eu) doped CsPbBr QDs are in situ grown inside transparent amorphous matrix to form glass-ceramic (GC) scintillator with glass phase serving as both matrix and encapsulation for the perovskite QD scintillators.

Low-dose real-time X-ray imaging with nontoxic double perovskite scintillators.

X-rays are widely used in probing inside information nondestructively, enabling broad applications in the medical radiography and electronic industries. X-ray imaging based on emerging lead halide perovskite scintillators has received extensive attention recently. However, the strong self-absorption, relatively low light yield and lead toxicity of these perovskites restrict their practical applications.

Characterization of mouse serum exosomal small RNA content: The origins and their roles in modulating inflammatory response.

In the last decade, although studies on exosomal microRNAs (miRNAs) derived from serum and other body fluids have increased dramatically; the contents and biological significance of serum exosomes under normal conditions remain unclear. In the present study, we profiled the small RNA content of mouse serum exosomes (mSEs) using small RNAseq and found that fragments of transfer RNAs (tRNAs) and miRNAs were the two predominant exosomal RNA species, accounting for approximately 60% and 10% of mapped reads, respectively. Moreover, 466 known and 5 novel miRNAs were identified from two independent experiments, among which the five most abundant miRNAs (miR-486a-5p, miR-22-3p, miR-16-5p, miR-10b-5p and miR-27b-3p) accounted for approximately 60% of all the aligned miRNA sequences.

Increased Brain-Specific MiR-9 and MiR-124 in the Serum Exosomes of Acute Ischemic Stroke Patients.

The aims of this study were to examine the alternation in serum exosome concentrations and the levels of serum exosomal miR-9 and miR-124, two brain-specific miRNAs, in acute ischemic stroke (AIS) patients and to explore the predictive values of these miRNAs for AIS diagnosis and damage evaluation. Sixty-five patients with AIS at the acute stage were enrolled and 66 non-stroke volunteers served as controls. Serum exosomes isolated by ExoQuick precipitations were characterized by transmission electron microscopy, nanoparticle-tracking analysis and western blotting.

Biosynthesis of trioxacarcin revealing a different starter unit and complex tailoring steps for type II polyketide synthase.

Trioxacarcins (TXNs) are highly oxygenated, polycyclic aromatic natural products with remarkable biological activity and structural complexity. Evidence from C-labelled precursor feeding studies demonstrated that the scaffold was biosynthesized from one unit of l-isoleucine and nine units of malonyl-CoA, which suggested a different starter unit in the biosynthesis. Genetic analysis of the biosynthetic gene cluster revealed 56 genes encoding a type II polyketide synthase (PKS), combined with a large amount of tailoring enzymes.