Publications by authors named "Xinxue Liao"

Background: Cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy (CAN) is a severe complication of type 2 diabetes. Significant sex-related differences have been observed in type 2 diabetes consequences such as mortality. However, the effect of sex on the association between CAN and mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes is currently unknown.

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Background: Elevated lipoprotein(a) (Lp[a]) and apolipoprotein B (apoB) are individually associated with the risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). Moreover, previous basic research has implicated the potential interaction between apoB and Lp(a) in the atherogenic process. We aimed to determine whether apoB levels significantly modulate ASCVD risk associated with Lp(a) in a large community-based population without baseline cardiovascular disease.

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Article Synopsis
  • Current guidelines suggest that patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) should maintain a resting heart rate below 100-110 bpm, but there is limited research on treatment options specifically for those also dealing with coronary heart disease (AF&CHD).
  • A study analyzed data from nearly 4,000 participants in the AFFIRM trial, finding that patients with AF&CHD had a higher prevalence of various health issues and a significantly increased risk of all-cause mortality compared to those with AF alone (RR = 1.79).
  • The study suggests that an optimal resting heart rate for AF&CHD patients is around 70 bpm, with lower mortality rates associated with resting heart rates below this threshold.
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After birth, the heart undergoes a shift in energy metabolism and cytoarchitecture to enhance efficient energy production and cardiac contraction, which is essential for postnatal development and growth. However, the precise mechanisms regulating this process remain elusive. Here we show that the RNA modification enzyme Mettl1 is a critical regulator of postnatal metabolic reprogramming and cardiomyocyte maturation in mice, primarily through its influence on the translation of the rate-limiting ketogenesis enzyme Hmgcs2.

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  • Recent research has revealed the important role of RNA modifications, specifically N4-acetylcytidine (ac4C), in cardiac health, with NAT10 being the key enzyme for this modification.
  • Knocking out NAT10 in cardiac cells resulted in severe heart failure and increased cardiomyocyte apoptosis, suggesting that ac4C is critical for heart function.
  • The study also found that decreased ac4C leads to reduced translational efficiency of certain mRNAs, linking NAT10 deficiency to heart failure symptoms.
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  • Obesity is a significant factor contributing to heart failure (HF), but among the elderly, those with metabolically healthy obesity (MHO) may not face an increased risk.
  • A study categorized participants into four groups based on obesity and metabolic health, finding that older adults with metabolically unhealthy non-obesity (MUN) and metabolically unhealthy obesity (MUO) had a higher risk of HF, while those with MHO showed no increased risk.
  • The research noted that older individuals with MUO and MUN had worse left ventricular (LV) function, while MHO participants did not exhibit the same issues, suggesting that metabolic health influences the relationship between obesity and heart health.
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Identification of the unknown pathogenic factor driving atherosclerosis not only enhances the development of disease biomarkers but also facilitates the discovery of new therapeutic targets, thus contributing to the improved management of coronary artery disease (CAD). We aimed to identify causative protein biomarkers in CAD etiology based on proteomics and 2-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) design. Serum samples from 33 first-onset CAD patients and 31 non-CAD controls were collected and detected using protein array.

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Background: Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and type 2 diabetes (T2DM) are both independent risk factors for aortic stenosis (AS). In AS patients, whether LDL-C or T2DM is associated with fast AS progression (FASP) and their interaction is unknown. This study aims to test the hypothesis that there is a heightened risk of FASP when elevated LDL-C coexists with T2DM.

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Article Synopsis
  • - The study investigates how long-term insulin resistance affects the risk of frailty and cardiovascular disease in young adults, involving 3,168 participants over a 30-year period.
  • - Findings showed that those with high insulin resistance had a 55% higher risk of being frail, and were also more likely to face cardiovascular issues like coronary heart disease and stroke.
  • - The results highlight the need for early prevention and intervention strategies for abnormal glucose metabolism among young adults to reduce frailty and cardiovascular risks.
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Background: Previous studies have shown that increasing body mass index (BMI) was associated with decreased hypoglycemia in type 2 diabetes, but it remains uncertain whether this finding could be applied to patients with and without cardiac autonomic neuropathy (CAN).

Methods: The study included 7789 participants with type 2 diabetes from action to control cardiovascular risk in diabetes (ACCORD) trail. CAN was defined as SDNN < 8.

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Background: It is unclear whether alternating placements during clinical clerkship, without an explicit emphasis on clinical competencies, would bring about optimal educational outcomes.

Methods: This is an explanatory sequential mixed-methods research. We enrolled a convenience sample of 41 eight-year programme medical students in Sun Yat-sen University who received alternating placements during clerkship.

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Adaptive metabolic responses and innate metabolites hold promising therapeutic potential for stroke, while targeted interventions require a thorough understanding of underlying mechanisms. Adiposity is a noted modifiable metabolic risk factor for stroke, and recent research suggests that it benefits neurological rehabilitation. During the early phase of experimental stroke, the lipidomic results showed that fat depots underwent pronounced lipolysis and released fatty acids (FAs) that feed into consequent hepatic FA oxidation and ketogenesis.

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Background And Aims: The gut microbe-derived metabolite trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO) has been implicated in the development of cardiovascular fibrosis. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress occurs after the dysfunction of ER and its structure. The three signals PERK/ATF-4, IRE-1α/XBP-1s and ATF6 are activated upon ER stress.

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Aims: Both coronary artery calcification (CAC) and aortic valve calcification (AVC) are strongly associated with cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), but data about the prognostic significance of multiple cardiovascular calcifications are limited. We aim to investigate the interaction relationship between AVC and CAC for major events.

Methods And Results: We included 6695 participants from the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis at baseline and divided them into four groups: (i) no AVC or CAC; (ii) only AVC; (iii) only CAC; and (iv) with CAC and CAC.

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Importance: Prior findings from the Look AHEAD trial showed no significant reduction in the risk of cardiovascular events by lifestyle-induced weight loss among individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and overweight or obesity. However, physical activity (PA) may modify the changes in cardiovascular risk associated with weight loss.

Objective: To examine the joint association of weight loss and PA with the risk of adverse cardiovascular events in patients with T2D and overweight or obesity.

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Background: An association between variability of cardiovascular risk factors and cardiovascular events has been reported. We examined whether intensive lifestyle intervention (ILI) for weight loss decreased variability of cardiovascular risk factors with a view to additional cardiometabolic benefits.

Methods And Results: This study was a post hoc secondary analysis of the Look AHEAD (Action for Health in Diabetes) study.

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Objective: We aimed to investigate the association between visit-to-visit heart rate variability (VVHRV) and all-cause mortality in patients diagnosed with atrial fibrillation (AF). Previous studies have shown a positive correlation between VVHRV and several adverse outcomes. However, the relationship between VVHRV and the prognosis of AF remains uncertain.

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Background: Few studies have examined the relationship between the fluctuation of heart rate control over time and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with atrial fibrillation. Our study sought to evaluate the independent association between time in target range (TIR) of resting heart rate and cardiovascular outcomes in the AFFIRM (Atrial Fibrillation Follow-Up Investigation of Rhythm Management) study.

Methods: Target range of resting heart was defined as less than 80 beats per minute (bpm) for both rate and rhythm control groups.

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Aims: Heart rate variability (HRV) and resting heart rate (RHR) are usually analyzed and interpreted separately. We aimed to assess the interplay of HRV and RHR on mortality in type 2 diabetes.

Methods: The study included 7,529 participants from the Action to Control Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetes (ACCORD) trial.

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Aims: Achieving at least 150 min per week of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (PA) is a 'Class I, A level' recommendation for the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease. However, long-term PA is a complex behaviour and varied by lifetime, which was insufficiently reflected by the current studies. This study used time-in-target range (TTR) to measure the long-term PA level during young adulthood and investigated its relationship with cardiovascular events in later life.

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Background: Patients with overweight/obesity and type 2 diabetes are encouraged to lose weight, but not all losing weight gain better cardiovascular health, especially old adults. The change in skeletal muscle mass (SMM) could be the key that explains the heterogenous cardiovascular effects of weight loss. This study aims to assess whether the cardiovascular effects of weight loss vary for those gaining skeletal muscle along with weight loss.

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Background: Recent studies have shown that remnant cholesterol (RC) is associated with incident heart failure; however, its association with left ventricular (LV) structure and function is unclear. We aimed to evaluate the association between RC levels in young adulthood and LV structure and function in middle age.

Methods: We included 3321 participants from the CARDIA study (Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults) at baseline.

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Objective: To assess whether the presence of cardiac autonomic dysfunction denoted by low heart rate variability (HRV) modifies the effect of intensive glycemic therapy on outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes.

Patients And Methods: This study included 7946 participants in the ACCORD (Action to Control Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetes) trial from January 2001 through June 2009. Heart rate variability measures included standard deviation of all normal-to-normal intervals (SDNN) and root mean square of successive differences between normal-to-normal intervals (rMSSD).

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Aims: This study aimed to assess the effect of blood pressure (BP) index, in terms of level and variability, on the progression of cardiovascular and renal diseases in patients with both heart failure (HF) and chronic kidney disease (CKD).

Methods And Results: The study involved patients with HF and CKD from the database of the Chronic Renal Insufficiency Cohort (CRIC) study. The study endpoint includes the following: (i) primary endpoint, including cardiovascular disease (CVD) events, renal events, and all-cause death; (ii) CVD events; (iii) renal events; and (iv) all-cause death.

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Background: The triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index is a reliable surrogate marker of insulin resistance (IR). However, whether the TyG index has prognostic value in patients with moderate to severe aortic stenosis (AS) remains unclear.

Methods: This study enrolled 317 patients with moderate to severe AS at the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University.

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