This study examines the characteristics of soot particles from a heavy-duty diesel engine that uses different blends of waste cooking oil biodiesel (WCO) and petroleum diesel.
The findings indicate that as the percentage of biodiesel in the fuel increases, the fringe length of soot particles decreases, while their oxidation activity and oxygen-to-carbon ratio (O/C) first increase and then decrease along the exhaust treatment system.
Additionally, varying biodiesel blends affect the chemical composition and structure of soot, which can help in optimizing exhaust after-treatment systems for better performance.