An initial exploration of core collection construction and DNA fingerprinting in L. using SNP markers.

L., an excellent forage and ecological restoration grass, plays a key role in grassland ecological construction and the sustainable development of animal husbandry. In China, the wild germplasm resources of are abundant, and they are shaped by similar and contrasting climatic conditions to form distinct populations, which enrich the genetic diversity of .

Water distribution within soil-plant-atmosphere system enhances water use efficiency at various nitrogen levels in Chinese paddy fields.

Various nitrogen (N) fertilizer applications aim to achieve higher yields, reduce carbon emissions, or improve N use efficiency. However, enhancing water use efficiency (WUE) remains a significant challenge in Chinese paddy fields, with current N practices largely overlooking this aspect. Thus, this study aimed to estimate WUE by examining water transpiration, evaporation, leaching, and runoff across N application levels of 0-400 kg N ha in Chinese rice fields using a data-intensive approach and the denitrification-decomposition (DNDC) model to optimize water resource utilization for sustainable rice production.

Metabolic Engineering of Filamentous Fungus for Itaconic Acid Production.

Itaconic acid (IA) is a multifunctional platform chemical with numerous biological functions. Here, was engineered as a remarkable cell factory to produce IA. Heterologous overexpression of the mitochondrial tricarboxylate transport protein and -aconitate decarboxylase from in initiated IA production with a titer of 20 g/L.

[Pharmacokinetics study of Dayuanyin in normal and febrile rats].

Based on the pharmacokinetics theory, this study investigated the pharmacokinetic characteristics of albiflorin, paeoniflorin, wogonoside, and wogonin in normal and febrile rats and summarized absorption and elimination rules of Dayuanyin in them to provide reference for further development and clinical application of Dayuanyin. Blood samples were taken from the fundus venous plexus of normal and model rats after intragastric administration of Dayuanyin at different time points. The concentration of each substance in blood was determined by ultra performance liquid chromatography-triple quadrupole mass spectrometry(UPLC-MS/MS) technique at different time points.

Molecular glue for phycobilisome attachment to photosystem II in sp. PCC 7002.

Phycobilisomes (PBS) are the major photosynthetic light-harvesting complexes in cyanobacteria and red algae. While the structures of PBS have been determined in atomic resolutions, how PBS are attached to the reaction centers of photosystems remains less clear. Here, we report that a linker protein (LcpA) is required for the attachment of PBS to photosystem II (PSII) in the cyanobacterium sp.

Observation of momentum-gap topology of light at temporal interfaces in a time-synthetic lattice.

Topological phases have prevailed across diverse disciplines, spanning electronics, photonics, and acoustics. Hitherto, the understanding of these phases has centred on energy (frequency) bandstructures, showcasing topological boundary states at spatial interfaces. Recent strides have uncovered a unique category of bandstructures characterised by gaps in momentum, referred to as momentum bandgaps or k gaps, notably driven by breakthroughs in photonic time crystals.

Enhanced Charge Generation and Transport by Incorporating a Benzotriazole Unit for Low-Cost and High-Efficiency Organic Solar Cells.

The photovoltaic performance of organic solar cells (OSCs) has reached the threshold for industrial applications, but the cost of most high-performance organic photovoltaic molecules is too high to meet the needs of industrialization. Herein, two low-cost thiophene--quinoxaline (TQ)-based polymers, PTQ16-10 and PTQ16-20, are designed and synthesized by incorporating a benzotriazole (BTA) unit into the PTQ10 backbone, with the consideration of expanding the chemical modifiability of PTQ10 and thus optimizing its photovoltaic properties. The incorporation of BTA induces improved light absorption, up-shifted energy levels, more orderly molecular π-π packing, enhanced molecular crystallinity, and better charge transport capacity of the two polymers.

Anti-tumor activity of an αPD-L1-PE38 immunotoxin delivered by engineered Nissle 1917.

Although immune checkpoint inhibitors specifically targeting the PD-1/PD-L1 axis have exhibited remarkable clinical success, they are not uniformly effective across all patient cohorts. Immunotoxins, a novel class of cancer therapeutics, offering a promising alternative. PD-L1, which is also present in certain normal tissues, limits its suitability as an ideal target for immunotoxins.

Integrated comparative physiological and transcriptomic analyses of Elymus sibiricus L. reveal the similarities and differences in the molecular mechanisms in response to drought and cold stress.

Drought and cold crucially affect plant growth and distribution. Plants have evolved complex molecular mechanisms to adapt to such adverse environmental conditions. This study examines two Elymus sibiricus (Es) germplasms differing in resilience to these stresses.

Sulfur-vacancy engineering of CoS/TiCT-MXene catalyst for efficient oxygen evolution reaction.

Integrating conductive supports and modulating electronic structures are widely recognized as effective strategies for improving the catalytic performance of transition metal sulfides. This study demonstrates the simultaneous integration of CoS with two-dimensional TiCT-MXene and the introduction of sulfur vacancies (S) in CoS through a straightforward sintering process followed by plasma treatment, culminating in the formation of the CoS/TiCT composite. Characterization results demonstrate that the TiCT support significantly improves electrical conductivity and promotes the uniform dispersion of CoS nanoparticles.

Utilizing machine learning to optimize agricultural inputs for improved rice production benefits.

Lower efficiency of agricultural inputs in the four conventional rice planting methods limits productivity and environmental benefits in Southwest China. Thus, we developed a machine-learning-based decision-making system for achieving optimal comprehensive benefits during rice production. Based on conventional benefits for achieving optimal benefits, implemented strategies in these planting methods: reducing N fertilizer by 16% while increasing seed inputs by 9% in mechanical transplanting (MT) method improved yield and environmental benefits; reducing N fertilizer and seed inputs by 10-12% in mechanical direct seeding (MD) method decreased environmental impacts; increasing N-K fertilizers and seed inputs by 15-33% in manual transplanting (MAT) method improved its comprehensive benefits by 7-14%; applying N-P-K fertilizer ratio of 2:1:2 in manual direct seeding (MAD) method enhanced yield.

Effects of chlorogenic acid on the physicochemical properties, 3D printing characteristics, and anti-digestive properties of sweet potato starch.

This study investigated the effects of chlorogenic acid (CA) with different levels (0.5 %-2.0 %) on the printing accuracy, micro-structure, rheological properties, thermodynamic properties, texture, digestion characteristics, and other indicators of sweet potato starch (SPS).

Methoxyl-modulated high-performance ratiometric fluorescent probe with AIE properties for hypochlorite detection and live cell imaging.

In recent years, the mechanism concerning fluorescence can be modulated by intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) effect has been widely used in the creation of ratiometric fluorescent probes. However, on this basis, further studies on the structure-activity relationship between molecular constitution of probes and their photophysical characteristics, as well as sensing performance remained less comprehensive. In this work, with triphenylamine (TPA) and methylthio as typical fluorophore and recognition groups respectively, an ICT-based hypochlorite (ClO) fluorescent probe named Probe A was initially constructed, and then through ingenious molecular design, the second probe defined as Probe B was successfully prepared by introducing methoxyls as electron donors.

Advancements and challenges of R-loops in cancers: Biological insights and future directions.

R-loops involve in various biological processes under human normal physiological conditions. Disruption of R-loops can lead to disease onset and affect the progression of illnesses, particularly in cancers. Herein, we summarized and discussed the regulative networks, phenotypes and future directions of R-loops in cancers.

Application of 3D printing in the treatment of diabetic foot ulcers: current status and new insights.

Background And Aims: Diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) are a serious complication of diabetes mellitus (DM), affecting around 25% of individuals with DM. Primary treatment of a DFU involves wound off-loading, surgical debridement, dressings to provide a moist wound environment, vascular assessment, and appropriate antibiotics through a multidisciplinary approach. Three-dimensional (3D) printing technology is considered an innovative tool for the management of DFUs.

Molecular mechanisms underlying roles of long non-coding RNA small nucleolar RNA host gene 16 in digestive system cancers.

This editorial reviews the molecular mechanisms underlying the roles of the long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) small nucleolar RNA host gene 16 () in digestive system cancers based on two recent studies on lncRNAs in digestive system tumors. The first study, by Zhao , explored how hBD-1 affects colon cancer, the lncRNA , by inhibiting mTOR and promoting autophagy. The second one, by Li , identified the lncRNA prion protein testis specific () as a factor in oxaliplatin resistance by sponging ZNF184 to regulate HIPK2 and influence colorectal cancer progression and chemoresistance, suggesting as a potential therapeutic target for colorectal cancer.

Astrocytic calcium signals are associated with exercise-induced fatigue in mice.

Exercise-induced fatigue (EF) is characterized by a decline in maximal voluntary muscle force following prolonged physical activity, influenced by both peripheral and central factors. Central fatigue involves complex interactions within the central nervous system (CNS), where astrocytes play a crucial role. This study explores the impact of astrocytic calcium signals on EF.

Dual activation of soybean resistance against Phytophthora sojae by pectin lyase and degraded pectin oligosaccharides.

Phytophthora pathogens secrete numerous apoplastic effectors to manipulate host immunity. Herein, we identified a polysaccharide lyase 1 protein, PsPL1, which acts as an essential virulence factor of P. sojae infection in soybean.

Phytochrome B promotes blast disease resistance and enhances yield in rice.

Phytochromes are red/far-red light receptors that regulate various aspects of plant growth, development, and stress responses. The precise mechanism by which phytochrome B (PhyB)-mediated light signaling influences plant defense and development remains unclear. In this study, we showed that PhyB enhances rice (Oryza sativa) blast disease resistance, tillering, and grain size compared to wild-type plants.

Continuously tunable ultrasonic focusing by Moiré metalenses.

Tunable ultrasonic focusing holds great significance in both medicine and engineering. Recent advancements in metalenses have introduced approaches for tunable acoustic focusing, but their complex configurations and limited tuning range remain challenges. Here, acoustic Moiré metalenses (AMMs) are proposed to achieve continuously tunable ultrasonic focusing in water.