Long-term surrogate cardiovascular outcomes of SGLT2 inhibitor empagliflozin in chronic heart failure: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

The sodium‒glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitor empagliflozin (EMPA) has been demonstrated to reduce the risk of cardiovascular mortality or hospitalization for heart failure (HF) in patients. Nevertheless, data concerning the long-term cardiovascular effects in clinically important subgroups are scarce. A prespecified meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) was conducted to assess the long-term effects of EMPA on cardiovascular outcomes in HF patients, regardless of HF type and glycemic status.