The effect of HbA1c variability on the efficacy of intensive blood pressure control in patients with type 2 diabetes.

Aims: The efficacy of intensive blood pressure (BP) control remains controversial, and the variability of HbA1c was a risk factor for macrovascular events in patients with type 2 diabetes. We investigated whether the HbA1c variability modifies the efficacy of intensive BP control.

Methods: Data from the Action to Control Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetes Blood Pressure (ACCORD-BP) trial was utilized.

Association of non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio with cardiovascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: Evidence from the ACCORD cohort.

Aim: To explore the association between the non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C)/HDL-C ratio (NHHR) and the risk of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs) and overall mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

Materials And Methods: NHHR, calculated as (total cholesterol - HDL-C)/HDL-C, was evaluated in 10,188 participants. Cox proportional hazard regression models were employed to assess the association of NHHR with future risk of MACEs and overall mortality.

Effectiveness and Safety of a Novel Intravascular Lithotripsy System for Severe Coronary Calcification: The CALCI-CRACK Trial.

Background: Intravascular lithotripsy is effective and safe for managing coronary calcification; however, available devices are limited, and complex lesions have been excluded in previous studies. This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness and safety of a novel intravascular lithotripsy system for severe calcification in a population with complex lesions.

Methods: CALCI-CRACK (treatment of severe calcified coronary lesions with a novel intracoronary shock wave lithotripsy system) (ChiCTR2100052058) was a prospective, single-arm, multicentre study.

Protective role of hydrogen sulfide against diabetic cardiomyopathy by inhibiting pyroptosis and myocardial fibrosis.

Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) contributes significantly to the heightened mortality rate observed among diabetic patients, with myocardial fibrosis (MF) being a pivotal element in the disease's progression. Hydrogen sulfide (HS) has been shown to mitigate MF, but the specific underlying mechanisms have yet to be thoroughly understood. A connection has been established between the evolution of DCM and the incidence of cardiomyocyte pyroptosis.

Association of single-point insulin sensitivity estimator index (SPISE) with future cardiovascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes.

Aims: To investigate the association of single-point insulin sensitivity estimator (SPISE) index with future cardiovascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes.

Materials And Methods: SPISE index (= 600 × high-density lipoprotein cholesterol [mg/dL]/triglycerides [mg/dL] × body mass index [kg/m]) was calculated in 10 190 participants. Cox proportional hazard regression models were applied to evaluate the association between SPISE index and future cardiovascular outcomes.

Association of Urine Albumin to Creatinine Ratio With Cardiovascular Outcomes in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.

Context: The urinary albumin to creatinine ratio (UACR) is a widely used indicator of albuminuria and has predictive value for adverse cardiovascular events.

Objective: To evaluate the correlation between the UACR and the risk of developing major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs) and total mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

Methods: This post hoc analysis included 10 171 participants from the Action to Control Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetes (ACCORD) study and the ACCORD follow-up study (ACCORDION) with baseline UACR data.

Prostaglandin and prostaglandin receptors: present and future promising therapeutic targets for pulmonary arterial hypertension.

Background: Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), Group 1 pulmonary hypertension (PH), is a type of pulmonary vascular disease characterized by abnormal contraction and remodeling of the pulmonary arterioles, manifested by pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) and increased pulmonary arterial pressure, eventually leading to right heart failure or even death. The mechanisms involved in this process include inflammation, vascular matrix remodeling, endothelial cell apoptosis and proliferation, vasoconstriction, vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation and hypertrophy. In this study, we review the mechanisms of action of prostaglandins and their receptors in PAH.

Glycemic control, HbA1c variability, and major cardiovascular adverse outcomes in type 2 diabetes patients with elevated cardiovascular risk: insights from the ACCORD study.

Background: Although recent guidelines advocate for HbA1c target individualization, a comprehensive criterion for patient categorization remains absent. This study aimed to categorize HbA1c variability levels and explore the relationship between glycemic control, cardiovascular outcomes, and mortality across different degrees of variability.

Methods: Action to Control Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetes study data were used.

Dietary fruits and vegetables and risk of cardiovascular diseases in elderly Chinese.

Background: Evidence regarding the potential effect of fruit and vegetable consumption on cardiovascular diseases (CVD) was limited and inconsistent among Asian people.

Methods: We prospectively examined associations of fruit and vegetable consumption with the risk of CVD among 9740 participants aged 65 years and older (mean baseline age: 88 years) in the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS) (2008-2018). Dietary data were collected using a validated food frequency questionnaire.

Septal radioablation therapy for patients with hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy: first-in-human study.

Aims: There is still no non-invasive septal reduction therapy for patients with hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy (HOCM). This study aimed to investigate the feasibility, safety, and efficacy of stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) in patients with drug-refractory symptomatic HOCM.

Methods And Results: The radiation target of ventricular septum was determined by multiple anatomical imaging.

A novel glycyrrhizin acid-coated stent reduces neointimal formation in a rabbit iliac artery model.

Most drug-eluting stents (DESs) inhibit intimal hyperplasia but impair re-endothelialization. This study aimed to evaluate in vivo strut coverage and neointimal growth in a new glycyrrhizin acid (GA)-eluting stent. New Zealand White rabbits ( = 20) with atherosclerotic plaques were randomly divided into three groups based on implanted iliac artery stents: bare-metal stents (BMSs), rapamycin-eluting stents, and GA-eluting stents.

Assessment of Myocardial Viability and Risk Stratification in Coronary Chronic Total Occlusion: A Qualitative and Quantitative Stress Cardiac MRI Study.

Background: Indicators for assessing myocardial viability and risk stratification in patients with coronary chronic total occlusion (CTO) are still in the research stage.

Purpose: To use stress-MRI to assess myocardial function, blood perfusion, and viability and to explore their relationship with collateral circulation.

Study Type: Prospective.

Vagus nerve stimulation attenuates acute kidney injury induced by hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats.

Hepatic ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury, caused by limited blood supply and subsequent blood supply, is a causative factor resulting in morbidity and mortality during liver transplantation and liver resection. Hepatic I/R injury frequently contributes to remote organ injury, such as kidney, lung, and heart. It has been demonstrated that vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) is effective in remote organ injury after I/R injury.

Relationship Between Regional Adiposity Distribution and Incident Heart Failure in General Populations without Cardiovascular Disease.

Background: Obesity is associated with a high risk of heart failure. However, the contribution of regional fat distribution evaluated using bioimpedance analysis toward heart failure risk in the general population without cardiovascular disease has rarely been studied.

Methods: This study included 483,316 participants without heart failure and cardiovascular disease from the UK Biobank study.

Obesity is associated with greater cognitive function in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Background: The impact of obesity on cognitive function in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) remains controversial. This study aimed to evaluate whether obesity, assessed by body mass index (BMI) was associated with cognitive function among T2DM patients and whether the effect of obesity on cognitive function was through brain structure.

Methods: This was a analysis of the Action to Control Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetes-Memory in Diabetes (ACCORD-MIND) study.

Clinical characteristics of severe aortic stenosis patients combined with diabetes mellitus after transcatheter aortic valve replacement and short-term outcome.

Objectives: Type 2 diabetes (T2DM) is a common comorbidity in patients with degenerative aortic stenosis (AS).As a key item of the American Society of Thoracic Surgeons (STS) score, it has a vital impact on the clinical prognosis of traditional thoracic surgery. T2DM has an adverse effect on the morbidity and mortality of cardiovascular diseases.

Effect of body size and intensive blood pressure management on cardiovascular and serious adverse events.

Background: Previous studies have shown that obese hypertensive patients have a lower risk of cardiovascular events than normal-weight patients, and that the performed hypertension treatment affects cardiovascular outcomes depending on the patient's body size. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between the BMI and cardiovascular outcomes and safety endpoints in hypertensive patients with intensive or standard blood pressure (BP) management.

Methods: We used data from the Systolic Blood Pressure Intervention Trial (SPRINT).

Gut bacterial metabolite Urolithin A inhibits myocardial fibrosis through activation of Nrf2 pathway in vitro and in vivo.

Background: Myocardial fibrosis after myocardial infarction (MI) is one of the leading causes of cardiovascular diseases. Cardiac fibroblasts (CFs) are activated and promoted by MI to undergo myofibroblast transformation (CMT). Urolithin A (UA) is an active and effective gut metabolite derived from polyphenolics of berries and pomegranate fruits, which has been reported to have anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant functions.

Association of fasting blood glucose to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio with short-term outcomes in patients with acute coronary syndrome.

Background: Biochemical markers are crucial for determining risk in coronary artery disease (CAD) patients; however, the relationship between fasting blood glucose to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (FG/HDL-C) ratio and short-term outcomes in acute coronary syndrome (ACS) patients remains unknown. Therefore, we have investigated the relationship between the FG/HDL-C ratio and short-term outcomes in ACS patients.

Methods: We used data from a pragmatic, stepped-wedge, cluster-randomized clinical trial to perform a post hoc analysis.

Vagus Nerve Stimulation Attenuates Acute Skeletal Muscle Injury Induced by Hepatic Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury in Rats.

Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) has a protective effect on distal organ injury after ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. We aimed to investigate the protective efficacy of VNS on hepatic I/R injury-induced acute skeletal muscle injury and explore its underlying mechanisms. To test this hypothesis, male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into three groups: sham group (sham operation, n = 6); I/R group (hepatic I/R with sham VNS, n = 6); and VNS group (hepatic I/R with VNS, n = 6).

Levosimendan in Europe and China: An Appraisal of Evidence and Context.

The calcium sensitiser levosimendan (SIMDAX; Orion Pharma) has been in clinical use for the management of acute heart failure and a range of related syndromes in many countries around the world for two decades. More recently, levosimendan has become available in China. The authors have examined the profile of levosimendan in clinical trials conducted inside and outside China and grouped the findings under six headings: effects on haemodynamics, effects on natriuretic peptides, effect on symptoms of heart failure, renal effects, effect on survival, and safety profile.