Fractionation of High-Yield Noncondensed Lignin and Glucan Oligomers from Lignocellulose in a Novel Biphasic System.

Effective fractionation of lignocellulose into hemicellulose, cellulose, and lignin is the precondition for full-component valorization. Generally, harsh reaction conditions are used to improve fractionation efficiency, which leads to severe lignin condensation and inhibits its value-added applications. To address this issue, a novel biphasic system consisting of molten salt hydrates (MSHs) and n-butanol was developed for birch fractionation.

Tuning metal-support interactions in MOF-derived CoNi@NC supported Pd catalysts for efficient hydrogenation of bicarbonate using glycerol as a hydrogen donor.

The hydrogenation of bicarbonate, a byproduct of CO captured in alkaline solutions, into formic acid (FA) using glycerol (GLY) as a hydrogen source offers a promising carbon-negative strategy for reducing CO emissions. While Pd-based catalysts are effective in this reaction, they often require high temperatures, leading to low FA yield due to strong hydrogen adsorption on Pd surfaces. In this work, metal-organic framework derived N-doped carbon encapsulated CoNi alloy nanoparticles (CoNi@NC) were prepared, acid-leached, and employed as a support to modulate the electronic structure of Pd-based catalysts.

A Cross-Sectional Study of Risk Factors for Coronary Heart Disease in Secondary Prevention for Patients With the Disease in China.

Aims: To explore risk factors for Coronary Heart Disease (CHD) in secondary prevention for patients with the disease in China.

Design: Cross-sectional study.

Methods: A two-stage sampling method was used (stratified sampling and systematic sampling).

Emerging applications of single-cell profiling in precision medicine of atherosclerosis.

Atherosclerosis is a chronic, progressive, inflammatory disease that occurs in the arterial wall. Despite recent advancements in treatment aimed at improving efficacy and prolonging survival, atherosclerosis remains largely incurable. In this review, we discuss emerging single-cell sequencing techniques and their novel insights into atherosclerosis.

Effects of a PRECEDE-PROCEED Model-Based Intervention on Fatigue in Patients With Coronary Heart Disease: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Objective: This research aimed to determine how a 12-week PRECEDE-PROCEED model-based intervention affected fatigue in patients with coronary heart disease.

Methods: This cluster randomized controlled trial recruited participants diagnosed with coronary heart disease at 2 community health centers in China. Participants in the control group (n = 36) received routine health education, whereas those in the intervention group (n = 38) were given a 12-week PRECEDE-PROCEED model-based intervention and routine health education.

IGF‑1 inhibits palmitic acid‑induced mitochondrial apoptosis in macrophages.

Insulin growth factor‑1 (IGF‑1) is an endocrine regulator that plays an important role in normal growth and development. IGF‑1 mediated effects may result in protecting macrophages from immunometabolic response. However, it is unclear whether IGF‑1 has a protective effect on fatty acid‑induced macrophages damage.

The Role of Circular RNAs in Ischemic Stroke.

Ischemic stroke (IS), a devastating condition characterized by intracranial artery stenosis and middle cerebral artery occlusion leading to insufficient oxygen supply to the brain, is a major cause of death and physical disability worldwide. Recent research has demonstrated the critical role of circular RNAs (circRNAs), a class of covalently enclosed noncoding RNAs that are widespread in eukaryotic cells, in regulating various physiological and pathophysiological cellular processes, including cell apoptosis, autophagy, synaptic plasticity, and neuroinflammation. In the past few years, circRNAs have attracted extensive attention in the field of IS research.

Highly Efficient Fractionation of Cornstalk into Noncondensed Lignin, Xylose, and Cellulose in Formic Acid.

Traditional pretreatment of lignocellulose is usually conducted under higher acidic and high temperature conditions, which leads to both the degradation of sugar and the condensation of lignin, hindering the subsequent conversion. An effective approach to fractionate lignocellulose into 93.9% of noncondensed lignin, 99.

Histone Deacetylase 3: A Potential Therapeutic Target for Atherosclerosis.

Atherosclerosis, the pathological basis of most cardiovascular disease, is characterized by plaque formation in the intima. Secondary lesions include intraplaque hemorrhage, plaque rupture, and local thrombosis. Vascular endothelial function impairment and smooth muscle cell migration lead to vascular dysfunction, which is conducive to the formation of macrophage-derived foam cells and aggravates inflammatory response and lipid accumulation that cause atherosclerosis.

Endocan: A Key Player of Cardiovascular Disease.

Endothelial dysfunction is considered to be an early change in atherosclerosis. Endocan, also known as endothelial cell specific molecule-1, is a soluble proteoglycan mainly secreted by endothelial cells. Inflammatory factors such as IL-1β and TNF-α can up regulate the expression of endocan and then affect the expression of cell adhesion molecules, such as ICAM-1 and VCAM-1, which play an important role in promoting leukocyte migration and inflammatory response.

Emerging roles of growth differentiation factor-15 in brain disorders (Review).

Brain disorders, such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease and cerebral stroke, are an important contributor to mortality and disability worldwide, where their pathogenesis is currently a topic of intense research. The mechanisms underlying the development of brain disorders are complex and vary widely, including aberrant protein aggregation, ischemic cell necrosis and neuronal dysfunction. Previous studies have found that the expression and function of growth differentiation factor-15 (GDF15) is closely associated with the incidence of brain disorders.

Role of Exosomes in Brain Diseases.

Exosomes are a subset of extracellular vesicles that act as messengers to facilitate communication between cells. Non-coding RNAs, proteins, lipids, and microRNAs are delivered by the exosomes to target molecules (such as proteins, mRNAs, or DNA) of host cells, thereby playing a key role in the maintenance of normal brain function. However, exosomes are also involved in the occurrence, prognosis, and clinical treatment of brain diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, stroke, and traumatic brain injury.

Transcription Factor-7-Like-2 (TCF7L2) in Atherosclerosis: A Potential Biomarker and Therapeutic Target.

Transcription factor-7-like-2 (TCF7L2), a vital member of the T-cell factor/lymphoid enhancer factor (TCF/LEF) family, plays an important role in normal human physiological and pathological processes. TCF7L2 exhibits multiple anti-atherosclerotic effects through the activation of specific molecular mechanisms, including regulation of metabolic homeostasis, macrophage polarization, and neointimal hyperplasia. A single-nucleotide substitution of TCF7L2, rs7903146, is a genetic high-risk factor for type 2 diabetes and indicates susceptibility to cardiovascular disease as a link between metabolic disorders and atherosclerosis.

Extraction of Noncondensed Lignin from Poplar Sawdusts with -Toluenesulfonic Acid and Ethanol.

The traditional pretreatment leads to the recalcitration of C-C bonds during lignin fractionation, thus hindering their depolymerization into aromatic monomers. It is essential to develop an applicable approach to extract noncondensed lignin for its high-value applications. In this work, noncondensed lignins were extracted from poplar sawdust using recyclable -toluenesulfonic acid for cleaving lignin-carbohydrate complex bonds effectively and ethanol as a stabilization reagent to inhibit lignin condensation.

Adsorption-Enhanced Glucan Oligomer Production from Cellulose Hydrolysis over Hyper-Cross-Linked Polymer in Molten Salt Hydrate.

Selective saccharification of cellulose into glucose is a critical step for utilization of lignocellulosic biomass. Molten salt hydrates (MSHs) have shown promising performance in selectively converting cellulose into glucose because of the high solubility of cellulose in the solvent. However, the separation of formed glucose from the MSHs is still a grand challenge.

Secondary prevention of coronary heart disease: The effect of a nursing intervention using Cox's interaction model of client health behaviour.

Aims: Secondary prevention of coronary heart disease is of utmost importance to facilitate people to achieve health outcomes and behaviours. This study was to investigate the effect of a nursing intervention based on Cox's interaction model of client health behaviour to improve health outcomes and behaviours of secondary prevention of coronary heart disease.

Design: This study is a cluster randomised controlled trial.

Effects of Teaching Resourcefulness in Patients with Coronary Heart Disease.

This cluster randomized controlled trial aimed to investigate the effects of an intervention to teach resourcefulness on depression and coping style of patients with coronary heart disease (CHD). A convenience sample of 72 patients in community settings took part. Participants in the intervention group (n = 36) received an 8-week intervention based on the concept of resourcefulness, plus routine health education.

Hepatic cholesterol transport and its role in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and atherosclerosis.

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a quickly emerging global health problem representing the most common chronic liver disease in the world. Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease represents the leading cause of mortality in NAFLD patients. Cholesterol metabolism has a crucial role in the pathogenesis of both NAFLD and atherosclerosis.

N6-Adenosine Methylation (mA) RNA Modification: an Emerging Role in Cardiovascular Diseases.

N6-methyladenosine (mA) is the most abundant and prevalent epigenetic modification of mRNA in mammals. This dynamic modification is regulated by mA methyltransferases and demethylases, which control the fate of target mRNAs through influencing splicing, translation and decay. Recent studies suggest that mA modification plays an important role in the progress of cardiac remodeling and cardiomyocyte contractile function.

The Effect of Resourcefulness Training on Depression and Coping Styles of Patients With Coronary Heart Disease in China [RETRACTED].

Background: Coronary heart disease (CHD) is one of the leading causes of mortality worldwide. Previous research has demonstrated that resourcefulness interventions can help individuals identify effective coping strategies to manage their conditions, reduce the incidence of depression, and improve their quality of life. However, little is known about such interventions for people with CHD in China.

Insights into the effect of aggregation on lignin fluorescence and its application for microstructure analysis.

As a natural fluorescent material, the fluorescent property and mechanism of lignin were elusive until now, which hindered the high value application of lignin fluorescence. Herein, we firstly probed the previous studies on lignin fluorescence and the results indicated that lignin microstructure was an important factor for its complex fluorescence property because of fluorophore interaction and aggregation behavior. Following the rules, lignin fluorescence was explored by analyzing its aggregation fluorescence behaviors and basic fluorescence properties based on the theory of traditional conjugated luminescence and aggregation-induced emission.

Development and validation of a Chinese-language instrument measuring empowerment needs of patients after a percutaneous coronary intervention.

Patient empowerment has been shown to have some positive impacts on self-efficacy, self-esteem, and recovery. However, information about the empowerment needs of patients after a percutaneous coronary intervention is scarce. The aim of this study was to develop a Chinese-language instrument to measure empowerment needs of such patients.

Facile Approach to Develop Hierarchical Roughness fiber@SiO Blocks for Superhydrophobic Paper.

Papers with nanoscaled surface roughness and hydrophobically modification have been widely used in daily life. However, the relatively complex preparation process, high costs and harmful compounds have largely limited their applications. This research aims to fabricate superhydrophobic papers with low cost and nontoxic materials.