PDE5 inhibitor potentially improves polyuria and bladder storage and voiding dysfunctions in type 2 diabetic rats.

Purpose: Bladder dysfunction associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) includes urine storage and voiding disorders. We examined pathological conditions of the bladder wall in a rat T2DM model and evaluated the effects of the phosphodiesterase-5 (PDE-5) inhibitor tadalafil.

Materials And Methods: Male Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty (OLETF) rats and Long-Evans Tokushima Otsuka (LETO) rats were used as the T2DM and control groups, respectively.

Phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitor suppresses prostate weight increase in type 2 diabetic rats.

Aims: Hyperinsulinemia is an important causative factor of prostate enlargement in type 2 diabetes (T2D), however, clinically prostate weight increases during hypoinsulinemic condition. To investigate the pathogenesis of prostate enlargement and effects of phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitor (PDE5i), male Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty (OLETF) and Long-Evans Tokushima Otsuka (LETO) rats were used as T2D and control, respectively.

Materials And Methods: OLETF and LETO rats were treated with oral tadalafil (100 μg/kg/day) or vehicle for 12 wks from at the age of 36 wks.

Urinary reabsorption in the rat kidney by anticholinergics.

Anticholinergics, therapeutic agents for overactive bladder, are clinically suggested to reduce urine output. We investigated whether this effect is due to bladder or kidney urine reabsorption. Various solutions were injected into the bladder of urethane-anesthetized SD rats.

Correcting imbalance of sex hormones by a phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitor improves copulatory dysfunction in male rats with type 2 diabetes.

Introduction: Sexual dysfunction is a common complication in men with type 2 diabetes and is often refractory to treatment. This study investigated the long-term influence of the phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitor (PDE5I) tadalafil on the level of sex hormones and sexual function in male Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty (OLETF) rats as an animal model of spontaneous type 2 diabetes.

Research Design And Methods: We treated 36-week-old male OLETF and non-diabetic Long-Evans Tokushima Otsuka (LETO) rats with oral tadalafil (100 µg/kg/day) for 12 weeks; sham groups received vehicle for 12 weeks.

Castration increases PGE release from the bladder epithelium in male rats.

Aims: Androgen deprivation therapy has been widely used for the treatment of prostate cancer. While sexual side effects including decreased sexual desire and function are well studied, there are only limited reports about its influences on lower urinary tract symptoms. The aim of this study is to clarify the influences of castration in male rats.

Nerve growth factor release from the urothelium increases via activation of bladder C-fiber in rats with cerebral infarction.

Aims: There are some reports that bladder C-fibers are partially involved in detrusor overactivity in patients with brain lesions. We investigated the contribution of bladder C-fiber to decreased bladder capacity in rats with cerebral infarction.

Methods: Cerebral infarction was induced under halothane anesthesia by left middle cerebral artery occlusion with 4-0 nylon thread in female Sprague-Dawley rats.

Underlying mechanisms of urine storage dysfunction in rats with salt-loading hypertension.

Aims: Spontaneous hypertensive rats provide a genetic model for exploring the pathogenesis of urine storage dysfunction related to hypertension (HT). In humans, however, HT develops by both genetic and environmental factors including lifestyle factors such as a high-calorie diet, excessive salt intake and stress. We investigated the influence of salt-loading on bladder function and the underlying mechanisms of storage dysfunction related to HT.

Effects of the 5α-reductase inhibitor dutasteride on rat prostate α1A-adrenergic receptor and its mediated contractility.

Objective: To clarify the possible interference of the 5α-reductase inhibitor dutasteride with α-adrenergic blockers, whose action is mainly mediated by α1A-adrenergic receptor.

Methods: Male rats were divided into dutasteride and vehicle-treated groups. The drug treatment group was treated with oral dutasteride 0.

Synthesis of silk fibroin-insulin bioconjugates and their characterization and activities in vivo.

The regenerated liquid silk fibroin with an average molecular mass of about 60 kDa consists of 18 kinds of amino acids containing approximately 10% of polar amino acids with hydroxyl and amino groups such as serine and lysine. The liquid silk fibroin is coupled covalently with insulin molecules through these strongly polar side groups by using glutaraldehyde. The physicochemical properties of the silk fibroin-insulin (SF-Ins) bioconjugates were investigated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the quantitative measurement of insulin.

Synthesis, characterization and immunogenicity of silk fibroin-L-asparaginase bioconjugates.

L-asparaginase (ASNase) is one basic drug in the treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Because its half-life time is too short and it is easy to arouse allergic reaction, use in practical clinic is considerably limited. Silk fibroin (SF) with different molecular mass from 40 to 120 kDa is a natural biocompatible protein and could be used as a novel bioconjugate for enzyme modification to overcome its usual shortcomings mentioned above.

[Package of Bombyx mori nuclear polyhedrosis virus with heterogoneous polyhedring protein].

Cloning the segment of polyhedrin gene which was separated from AcMNPV genome DNA by PCR method into transfer vector pBacPAK8, we got recombinant transfer vector pOAc, then contransfecting BmN cells with the vector and linear virus Bm-BacPAK6, harvested recombinant virus hp-BmNPV which can produce polyhedrin but no blue plaques. Analysing of recombinant virus from polyhedrin, recombinant viral DNA and polyhedra, we confirmed that polyhedring of AcMNPV can be not only high-level expressed in BmN cells, But can recognize recombinant BmNPV DNA and assemble them to polyhedra. We observed that the pattern of restriction enzyme changed due to DNA recombination, the size of recombinant viral polyhedron (1.

[Cloning and expression of Buthus martensii Karsch scorpion toxin gene (BmK IT3) in Escherichia coli].

According to the reported sequence of Buthus martensii Karsch scorpion toxin gene (BmK IT3), we synthesized two primers, which were complementary in a region. By the means of PCR, we got the gene. The gene was fused in expression vector pET-28a, which gave rise to a recombinant plasmid pET(IT3R).