Xanthine oxidase promotes hepatic lipid accumulation through high fat absorption by the small intestine.

Background & Aims: There are no studies investigating the direct effects of elevated xanthine oxidase (XO) on lipid metabolism disorders. Here, we aimed to clarify the role of XO in lipid metabolism in a prospective cohort study and elucidate the underlying mechanisms.

Methods: The association between serum XO activity and metabolic associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) was examined in Cox proportional hazard models in a population-based cohort of 3,358 participants (20-75 years) at baseline.

Association of circulation very long chain saturated fatty acids with depression in NHANES 2011-2014.

Background: Recent studies have shown that elevated levels of medium and long chain saturated fatty acids are associated with an increased risk of depression. However, little is known about the effect of very long chain saturated fatty acids (VLSFAs) on depression. Therefore, our study aimed to examine the association between VLSFAs and depression in the US adult population.

Sleep patterns and risks of incident cardiovascular disease and mortality among people with type 2 diabetes: a prospective study of the UK Biobank.

Background: To explore the relationship between sleep patterns and cardiovascular disease (CVD) incidence and mortality risk in a population with type 2 diabetes through a UK Biobank sample.

Methods: A total of 6860 patients with type 2 diabetes were included in this study. Five sleep factors (including Chronotype, sleep duration, insomnia, daytime sleepiness, and snoring) were collected as a questionnaire.

The association between triglyceride-glucose index and its combination with obesity indicators and cardiovascular disease: NHANES 2003-2018.

Background: In the American population, the relationship between the triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index and TYG combined with indicators of obesity and cardiovascular disease (CVD) and its mortality has been less well studied.

Methods: This cross-sectional study included 11,937 adults from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2003-2018. Cox proportional hazards model, binary logistic regression analyses, restricted cubic spline (RCS), and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) were used to analyze the relationship between TyG and its combined obesity-related indicators and CVD and its mortality.

Association of Circulating Very Long-Chain Saturated Fatty Acids With Cardiovascular Mortality in NHANES 2003-2004, 2011-2012.

Context: Limited studies have shown a protective effect of very long-chain saturated fatty acids (VLSFAs) on healthy aging, diabetes, heart failure, and risk factors related to cardiovascular disease (CVD), but the role of VLSFAs on mortality risk is unclear.

Objective: We aimed to investigate the association of serum docosanoic acid (C22:0) and serum lignoceric acid (C24:0) with all-cause and disease-specific mortality and to confirm the effect of VLSFAs on mortality risk in the whole, hyperlipidemia, and hypertensive populations.

Methods: A total of 4132 individuals from the 2003-2004, 2011-2012 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) were included in this study.

Vitamin K2 supplementation improves impaired glycemic homeostasis and insulin sensitivity for type 2 diabetes through gut microbiome and fecal metabolites.

Background: There is insufficient evidence for the ability of vitamin K2 to improve type 2 diabetes mellitus symptoms by regulating gut microbial composition. Herein, we aimed to demonstrate the key role of the gut microbiota in the improvement of impaired glycemic homeostasis and insulin sensitivity by vitamin K2 intervention.

Methods: We first performed a 6-month RCT on 60 T2DM participants with or without MK-7 (a natural form of vitamin K2) intervention.