Emotion-Driven Moral Evaluation: A Mechanistic Study Based on the Drift-Diffusion Model.

Background: Moral evaluation is identified as the first stage in the theory of moral judgment, and academics believe that it may align with the social intuitionist model. This study aims to prove that the model's emotional dominance hypothesis applies to moral evaluation by presenting a computational decision-making model that mathematically formalizes this emotional dominance decision-making process. We also compared different types of valence evaluation tasks to test the emotional priority hypothesis.

Unveiling a novel mechanism for competitive advantage of ciprofloxacin-resistant bacteria in the environment through bacterial membrane vesicles.

Ciprofloxacin (CIP) is a prevalent environmental contaminant that poses a high risk of antibiotic resistance. High concentrations of antibiotics can lead to the development of resistant bacteria with high fitness costs, which often face a competitive disadvantage. However, it is unclear whether low-cost resistant bacteria formed by exposure to sub-MIC CIP in the environment can evolve competitive mechanisms against sensitive Escherichia coli (SEN) other than stronger resistance to CIP.

Thermoelectric Nanofluidics Probing Thermal Heterogeneity inside Single Cells.

Accurate temperature measurement in one living cell is of great significance for understanding biological functions and regulation. Here, a nanopipet electric thermometer (NET) is established for real-time intracellular temperature measurement. Based on the temperature-controlled ion migration, the temperature change in solution results in altered ion mobilities and ion distributions, which can be converted to the thermoelectric responses of NET in a galvanostatic configuration.

Trimming Crystallizable Fragment (Fc) Glycans Enables the Direct Enzymatic Transfer of Biomacromolecules to Antibodies as Therapeutics.

Glycoengineering has provided powerful tools to construct site-specific antibody conjugates. However, only small-molecule payloads can be directly transferred to native or engineered antibodies using existing glycoengineering strategies. Herein, we demonstrate that reducing the complexity of crystallizable fragment (Fc) glycans could dramatically boost the chemoenzymatic modification of immunoglobulin G (IgG) via an engineered fucosyltransferase.

Chemoenzymatic Measurement of LacNAc in Single-Cell Multiomics Reveals It as a Cell-Surface Indicator of Glycolytic Activity of CD8 T Cells.

Despite the rich information about the physiological state of a cell encoded in the dynamic changes of cell-surface glycans, chemical methods to capture specific glycan epitopes at the single-cell level are quite limited. Here, we report a chemoenzymatic method for the single-cell detection of N-acetyllactosamine (LacNAc) by labeling LacNAc with a specific DNA barcode. The chemoenzymatic labeling does not alter the transcriptional status of immune cells and is compatible with multiple scRNA-seq platforms.

Is Nomophobia Problematic or Functional? A Perspective from Bifactor Structure.

With the extensive use of mobile phones globally, some people engage in excessive or problematic phone use behaviors. However, little is known regarding the latent structure of problematic mobile phone use. The current study employed the Chinese versions of the Nomophobia Questionnaire, Mobile Phone Addiction Tendency Scale, and Depression-Anxiety-Stress Scale-21 to explore the latent psychological structure of problematic mobile phone use and nomophobia and their associations with mental health symptoms.

Improved ClickTags enable live-cell barcoding for highly multiplexed single cell sequencing.

Click chemistry-enabled DNA barcoding of cells provides a universal strategy for sample multiplexing in single-cell RNA-seq (scRNA-seq). However, current ClickTags are limited to fixed samples as they only label cells efficiently in methanol. Herein, we report the development of a new protocol for barcoding live cells with improved ClickTags.

Improved SILAC method for double labeling of bacterial proteome.

Stable isotope labeling with amino acids in cell culture (SILAC) is a robust proteomics method with advantages such as reproducibility and easy handling. This method is popular for the analysis of mammalian cells. However, amino acid conversion in bacteria decreases the labeling efficiency and quantification accuracy, limiting the application of SILAC in bacterial proteomics to auxotrophic bacteria or to single labeling with lysine.

Optimal Settings of Mass Spectrometry Open Search Strategy for Higher Confidence.

In most proteome mass spectrometry experiments, more than half of the mass spectra cannot be identified, mainly because of various modifications. The open search strategy allows for a larger precursor tolerance to utilize more spectra, especially those with post-translational modifications; however, thorough quality control based on independent information is lacking. Here, we used the "Suspicious Discovery Rate (SDR)" based on translatome sequencing (RNC-seq) as an independent source to reference the proteome open search results in steady-state cells.

Perfluorinated Chemicals as Emerging Environmental Threats to Kidney Health: A Scoping Review.

Background And Objectives: Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are a large group of manufactured nonbiodegradable compounds. Despite increasing awareness as global pollutants, the impact of PFAS exposure on human health is not well understood, and there are growing concerns for adverse effects on kidney function. Therefore, we conducted a scoping review to summarize and identify gaps in the understanding between PFAS exposure and kidney health.

A Novel Iron Transporter SPD_1590 in Contributing to Bacterial Virulence Properties.

, a Gram-positive human pathogen, has evolved three main transporters for iron acquisition from the host: PiaABC, PiuABC, and PitABC. Our previous study had shown that the mRNA and protein levels of SPD_1590 are significantly upregulated in the Δ/Δ/Δ triple mutant, suggesting that SPD_1590 might be a novel iron transporter in . In the present study, using -knockout, -complemented, and -overexpressing strains and the purified SPD_1590 protein, we show that SPD_1590 can bind hemin, probably supplementing the function of PiuABC, to provide the iron necessary for the bacterium.

The mechanism of iron-compensation for manganese deficiency of Streptococcus pneumoniae.

Unlabelled: Given their involvement in catalysis, infection, and biofilm formation, Fe and Mn are essential for bacterial survival and virulence. In this study, we found that Streptococcus pneumoniae (S. pneumoniae) could grow in the Mn-deficient medium (MDCM).

Evolution and molecular mechanism of PitAs in iron transport of Streptococcus species.

Iron is an essential element for almost all bacteria. The iron ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters located on the cell membrane affects bacterial virulence and infection. Although a variety of Fe-transporters have been found in bacteria, their evolutionary processes are rarely studied.

Synthesis, structures and Helicobacter pylori urease inhibitory activity of copper(II) complexes with tridentate aroylhydrazone ligands.

A series of new copper(II) complexes were prepared. They are [CuL(1)(NCS)] (1), [CuClL(1)]·CH3OH (2), [CuClL(2)]·CH3OH (3), [CuL(3)(NCS)]·CH3OH (4), [CuL(4)(NCS)]·0.4H2O (5), and [CuL(5)(bipy)] (6), where L(1), L(2), L(3) and L(4) are the deprotonated form of N'-(2-hydroxybenzylidene)-3-methylbenzohydrazide, 4-bromo-N'-(2-hydroxy-5-methoxybenzylidene)benzohydrazide, N'-(2-hydroxy-5-methoxybenzylidene)-3-methylbenzohydrazide and 2-chloro-N'-(2-hydroxy-5-methoxybenzylidene)benzohydrazide, respectively, L(5) is the dianionic form of N'-(2-hydroxybenzylidene)-3-methylbenzohydrazide, and bipy is 2,2'-bipyridine.

Synthesis and Crystal Structures of Benzohydroxamate-Coordinated Vanadium(V) Oxo Complexes with Aroylhydrazone Ligands.

Reaction of [VO(acac)(2)] (where acac = acetylacetonate), benzohydroxamic acid (Hbha), and two similar aroylhydrazone ligands in methanol produced two benzohydroxamate-coordinated mononuclear vanadium(V) oxo complexes with general formula [VOL(bha)], where L = L(1) = N'-(5-bromo-2-hydroxybenzylidene)-2-fluorobenzohydrazide (H(2)L(1)), and L = L(2) = N'-(3-bromo-2-hydroxybenzylidene)-2-fluorobenzohydrazide (H(2)L(2)). Crystal and molecular structures of the complexes were determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction method. All of the investigated compounds were further characterized by elemental analysis, and FT-IR and UV-Vis spectra.

Synthesis, crystal structures, and urease inhibition of an acetohydroxamate-coordinated oxovanadium(V) complex derived from N'-(3-bromo-2-hydroxybenzylidene)-4-methoxybenzohydrazide.

A new benzohydrazone compound N'-(3-bromo-2-hydroxybenzylidene)-4-methoxybenzohydrazide (H₂L) was prepared. Reaction of H₂L and acetohydroxamic acid (HAHA) with VO(acac)₂ in methanol gave the complex [VOL(AHA)]. Both H₂L and the oxovanadium complex were characterized by elemental analysis, IR, UV-vis and (1)H NMR spectra, and single crystal X-ray diffraction.