Probiotic powder with polysaccharides from Wolfiporia cocos alleviates antibiotic-associated diarrhea by modulating immune activities and gut microbiota.

To enhance immunomodulatory effects of lyophilized probiotics, we screened a new lyophilizing protective agent, that is Wolfiporia cocos polysaccharide (WP). This study demonstrated WP significantly increased the survival rate among seven polysaccharides, with the optimal dosage being 10 % (w/v). The ratio of bacterial suspension to lyophilizing protective agent was 1:2, in the condition, the probiotic survival rate of probiotics reached 83.

Millet Bran Dietary Fibers Modified by Heating and Enzymolysis Combined with Carboxymethylation, Acetylation, or Crosslinking: Influences on Properties of Heat-Induced Egg White Protein Gel.

Applications of millet bran dietary fiber (MBDF) in the food industry are limited by its poor hydration properties. Herein, MBDF was modified by heating, xylanase and cellulase treatment separately combined with carboxymethylation, acetylation, and phosphate crosslinking, and the effects of the modified MBDFs on heat-induced egg white protein gel (H-EWG) were studied. The results showed that three composite modifications, especially heating and dual enzymolysis combined with carboxymethylation, increased the surface area, soluble fiber content, and hydration properties of MBDF ( < 0.

Structural characterization of Hericium erinaceus polysaccharides and the mechanism of anti-T2DM by modulating the gut microbiota and metabolites.

A low molecular weight polysaccharides of HEP-1, with molecular weights of 1.67 × 10 Da and composition of →6)-β-D-Glcp-(1→, →3)-β-D-Glcp-(1→, β-D-Glcp-(1→ and →3,6)-β-D-Glcp-(1→, was isolated and characterized from the fruiting body of Hericium erinaceus. The results indicated that HEP-1 showed potential effects against T2DM-induced imbalance of glucose and lipid metabolism by promoting the serum glucose uptake by hepatic glycogen synthesis via activating the IRS/PI3K/AKT signaling pathway, and inhibiting fatty acid synthesis and reducing hepatic lipid accumulation via activating the AMPK/SREBP-1c signaling pathways.

Antioxidant and Immunostimulatory Activities of Fermented Sour Soybean Milk Added With Polypeptides From .

The improved quality of sour soybean milk by adding polypeptide from was investigated in this study, and the immunomodulatory effect of sour soybean milk fermented with polypeptides from was also evaluated in immunosuppressed mice induced by cyclophosphamide. Results showed the physicochemical property of sour soybean milk fermented with small-molecular-weight polypeptide (<3 kDa) were superior to the others including the decrease of pH, and increase of acidity, water-holding capacity and lactic acid bacteria count. The animal experiment demonstrated that sour soybean milk with polypeptide could effectively reverse the decreasing trend of thymus/spleen index and hematological parameters, enhance murine immune functions including serum hemolysin and splenic lymphocyte proliferation, and inhibit oxidative stress.

Stropharia rugoso-annulata acetylated polysaccharides alleviate NAFLD via Nrf2/JNK1/AMPK signaling pathways.

The acetylated Stropharia rugoso-annulata polysaccharides (ASRP) was successfully characterized, and the effects and mechanism on alleviating NAFLD were investigated in HFD-induced mice models. The characterization showed that ASRP was successfully acetylated and rich in galactose. The animal studies demonstrated that ASRP at the dose of 400 mg/kg possessed hepatoprotective effects by potential antioxidation, anti-inflammation and improving hepatocellular histopathology, with the possible mechanisms on regulating the JNK1/AP-1 and activating the Nrf2 signaling pathways.

Glucopyranose from prevent alcoholic liver diseases by regulating Nrf2/HO-1-TLR4/NF-κB signalling pathways and gut microbiota.

This study investigated the effects of PGPs ( polysaccharides), a glucopyranose isolated from the mycelium of and characterized with the main chain of →4)-α-D-Glcp-(1→, on the prevention against alcohol liver diseases (ALD), with the aim of providing a theoretical basis for the application of as prebiotic agents in preventing and treating gut dysbiosis and alcohol-related metabolic disorders in individuals with ALD. The results showed that PGP treatment reduced oxidative stress by up-regulating the Nrf2/HO-1 signalling pathways, and decreased the pro-inflammatory factors by down-regulating TLR4/NF-κB signalling pathways. Furthermore, we validated effects of PGPs on balancing the gut-liver axis by maintaining the integrity of the intestinal epithelial barrier of decreasing intestinal permeability, increasing intestinal tight-junction protein and mucin expression and elevating the abundance of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) producers in the intestine by regulating the microbiota composition.

Protective effects of sulfated polysaccharides from Lentinula edodes on the lung and liver of MODS mice.

In this work, the effects of sulfated polysaccharides from Lentinula edodes (SPLE) on zymosan (ZYM)-induced multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) mice were investigated. Using the MODS mice model, biochemical works have already shown that in mice treated with SPLE, the lung parameters of GGT, C3 and hs-CRP were down-regulated and the hepatic parameters of TC, TG, ALT and AST, HDLC, LDL-C and VLDL-C were improved, the serum levels of CK, Cr and Amy were decreased, and the levels of inflammatory factors such as TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-10 were also reduced, the activity of antioxidant enzymes SOD and CAT enhanced, and the content of MDA was reduced. In addition, histopathology of the lung and liver confirmed the beneficial effects of SPLE on MODS mice, indicating that SPLE played a role in protecting the organ function of MODS mice.

A polysaccharide of PFP-1 from Pleurotus geesteranus attenuates alcoholic liver diseases via Nrf2 and NF-κB signaling pathways.

A polysaccharide named PFP-1 was isolated from the Pleurotus geesteranus fruiting body, and potential investigations on ameliorating oxidative stress and liver injury against alcoholic liver disease (ALD) were performed in mice. The animal studies demonstrated that PFP-1 had hepatoprotective effects by improving hepatocellular histopathology, modulating alcohol metabolisms and restoring the serum lipid levels. Besides, PFP-1 could attenuate oxidative stress and inflammatory responses by activating the Nrf2-mediated signal pathways and regulating the TLR4-mediated NF-κB signal pathways.

Structural characterization and amelioration of sulfated polysaccharides from Ganoderma applanatum residue against CCl-induced hepatotoxicity.

Natural polysaccharides and their derivatives have attracted academic attention due to their extensive physiological activities. However, the hepatoprotective effects against carbon tetrachloride (CCl) toxicity have not been well elucidated. The objectives of this study were to characterize the structural properties of sulfated Ganoderma applanatum residue polysaccharides (SGRP) and to evaluate their inhibitory effects on liver fibrosis caused by oxidative stress and inflammation.

Antioxidant and Hepatoprotective Effects of Acidic-Hydrolysis Residue Polysaccharides from Shiitake Culinary-Medicinal Mushroom Lentinus edodes (Agaricomycetes) in Mice.

The present work was designed to investigate the antioxidant and hepatoprotective effects of acidic-hydrolysis Lentinus edodes residue polysaccharides (Ac-LRP) on lipopolysaccharide-induced liver injury in mice. Hepatoprotective effects were observed in liver treated with Ac-LRP at doses of 200, 400, and 600 mg/kg body weight, respectively. Activities of superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxide, catalase, total antioxidant capacity, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, and alkaline phosphatase and levels of total cholesterol, triglyceride, malondialdehyde, and lipid peroxidation in liver or serum samples were analyzed.

Antioxidant and anti-ageing effects of enzymatic polysaccharide from Pleurotus eryngii residue.

The wide industrial cultivation of Pleurotus eryngii (P. eryngii) has resulted in the massive production of mushroom residues (MR) with low-efficiency utilization. In the present study, the P.

Renoprotective effects of enzyme-hydrolyzed polysaccharides from Auricularia polytricha on adenine-induced chronic kidney diseases in mice.

The present work was aimed to investigate the protective effects of enzymatic-hydrolyzed Auricularia polytricha polysaccharides (EnAPS) on renal functions. The characterizations were analyzed by physicochemical methods, and the renoprotections were processed in adenine-induced chronic kidney diseases (CKD) models of mice. Animal experiments exhibited that EnAPS showed superior renal-protections contributing to its antioxidant effects of increasing the enzyme activities and decreasing the lipid contents, and anti-inflammatory effects of reducing proinflammatory cytokines than A.

Antioxidation, anti-hyperlipidaemia and hepatoprotection of polysaccharides from Auricularia auricular residue.

As hyperlipidemia was a pathological progress by lipid dysfunctions, the present object was to investigate the hypolipidemic and hepatoprotective effects of Auricularia auricular residue polysaccharides (RPS) against HFE (high-fat emulsion) toxicities in mice. The structure analysis showed that the RPS was pyranose-polysaccharides mainly composed of glucose with the weight-average molecular weight of 2.00 × 10 Da.

Acetylated Polysaccharides From Alleviate Lung Injury Via Regulating NF-κB Signal Pathway.

The present work investigated the anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and lung protection effects of acetylated polysaccharides (AcPPS) on acute lung injury (ALI) mice. The acetylation of AcPPS was successfully shown by the peaks of 1737 cm and 1249 cm by FTIR. The animal experiments demonstrated that lung damage can be induced by zymosan.

Antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and renoprotective effects of acidic-hydrolytic polysaccharides by spent mushroom compost (Lentinula edodes) on LPS-induced kidney injury.

Increasing evidences have demonstrated that the reactive oxygen species play important roles in the initiation and progress of LPS-induced kidney injury (KI). The present work investigated the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and renoprotective effects of acidic spent mushroom compost polysaccharides (ASMCP) by Lentinula edodes against the LPS-induced KI in mice. The results demonstrated that ASMCP showed anti-inflammatory effects on reducing the serum levels of TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β, inhibiting the elevation of lipid peroxidation, lowering the serum levels of BUN, CRE and UA, and improving the antioxidant status by enhancing renal enzyme activities (SOD, GSH-Px, CAT and T-AOC).

Antihyperlipidemic and hepatoprotective properties of alkali- and enzyme-extractable polysaccharides by Dictyophora indusiata.

Hyperlipidemia, a very common disease throughout the world, usually gives rise to severe liver damages. The current experiment was to investigate the antihyperlipidemic and hepatoprotective properties of alkali- and enzyme-extractable Dictyophora indusiata polysaccharides (Al-DPS and En-DPS) on the hyperlipidemic mice. The results of animal experiment in vivo showed that treatment with Al-DPS or En-DPS could improve the excessive level of lipid profiles in serum and liver, as well as strengthen antioxidant status.

Characterization, Antioxidant, Anti-Aging and Organ Protective Effects of Sulfated Polysaccharides from .

As an irreversible and complex degenerative physiological process, the treatment for aging seems strategically necessary, and polysaccharides play important roles against aging owing to their abundant bioactivities. In this paper, the antioxidant and anti-aging activities of polysaccharides (FPS) and its sulfated FPS (SFPS) on d-galactose-induced aging mice were investigated. The in vitro antioxidant activities demonstrated that SFPS had strong reducing power and superior scavenging effects on 2, 2-diphenylpicrylhydrazyl (DPPH), hydroxyl radicals and the chelating activities of Fe.

The Antioxidant and Anti-Aging Effects of Acetylated Mycelia Polysaccharides from .

The present work mainly describes the preparation of acetylated mycelia polysaccharides (AMPS) from and investigates the antioxidant and anti-aging effects in d-galactose-induced aging mice. The optimized procedure indicates the acetyl substitution degree of AMPS is 0.54 ± 0.

Antioxidation, hepatic- and renal-protection of water-extractable polysaccharides by Dictyophora indusiata on obese mice.

The present work aimed to investigate the antioxidation, hepatic- and renal-protection of water-extractable polysaccharides (WPS) by Dictyophora indusiata fruiting body on high-fat emulsion-induced obese mice. The structural analysis indicated that WPS was the α-configurational heteropolysaccharide with the major monosaccharides of mannose and glucose, and the polydispersity of 1.77.

Anti-hyperlipidemic, antioxidant and organic protection effects of acidic-extractable polysaccharides from Dictyophora indusiata.

In the present work, we investigated the anti-hyperlipidemic, antioxidant and organic protection effects of acidic-extractable Dictyophora indusiata polysaccharides (Ac-DPS) on hyperlipidemic mice induced by high-fat emulsion. The results demonstrated that Ac-DPS had impressive abilities to mitigate oxidative stress by increasing the activities of antioxidant enzyme and reducing the contents of lipid peroxide. Moreover, lipid levels in serum were returned to normal status.

Characteristic anti-inflammatory and antioxidative effects of enzymatic- and acidic- hydrolysed mycelium polysaccharides by Oudemansiella radicata on LPS-induced lung injury.

The present work investigated the antioxidative, anti-inflammatory and pulmonary protective effects of enzymatic- and acid- hydrolysed mycelia polysaccharides (En-MPS and Ac-MPS) from Oudemansiella radicata on LPS-induced acute lung injury (ALI) mice. The results demonstrated that both En-MPS and Ac-MPS showed potential pulmonary protective effects by decreasing serum levels of hs-CRP and C3, increasing pulmonary enzyme values of SOD, GSH-Px, CAT and the level of T-AOC; reducing the activity of MPO; and down-regulating the contents of MDA and LPO. In addition, the levels of TNF-ɑ, IL-1β, and IL-6 in BALF of mice treated with En-MPS at a dosage of 400 mg/kg/d were significantly lower than those in the ALI mice.

Antioxidant, anti-hyperlipidemia and hepatic protection of enzyme-assisted Morehella esculenta polysaccharide.

The aims of this work were to investigate the antioxidant, anti-hyperlipidemia and hepatic protection of Morehella esculenta polysaccharide (MPS) from fruiting body and its enzyme-assisted MPS (EnMPS). The in vitro scavenging rates of EnMPS at 600 mg/L on superoxide, hydroxyl and 1,1‑diphenyl‑2‑pyrazole hydrazide (DPPH) radicals were 76.92 ± 2.

Antioxidative and hepatoprotective effects of enzymatic and acidic-hydrolysis of Pleurotus geesteranus mycelium polysaccharides on alcoholic liver diseases.

The present work investigated the antioxidant and hepatoprotective effects of acidic- and enzymatic-hydrolysis mycelium polysaccharide (AcMPS and EnMPS) from Pleurotus geesteranus on alcoholic liver disease (ALD) mice. The animal studies demonstrated that the polysaccharides had potential effects reflected by remitting alcoholic hepatitis, reducing lipid accumulation, preventing oxidative stress, improving inflammatory symptoms, and alleviating the liver functions by histopathologic observation. Results showed that AcMPS (yield of 84%) was composed of L-Rha, D-Rib, L-Ara, D-Glc, D-Man and D-Gal with the Mw of 3.

Antioxidant and anti-inflammation of enzymatic-hydrolysis residue polysaccharides by Lentinula edodes.

The present work investigated the antioxidative, anti-inflammatory and organ protective effects of residue polysaccharide (RPS) and its enzymatic-RPS (ERPS) of Lentinula edodes against the LPS-induced sepsis in mice. The results demonstrated that ERPS showed superior effects on inhibiting serum activities of CKMB, LDH, AST, ALP and ALT, lowing the serum levels of BUN, CRE and UA, as well as improving the antioxidant status (SOD, CAT, GSH-P and T-AOC) than RPS. Moreover, the levels of TNF-α (667.

Anti-inflammatory and hepatoprotective effects of exopolysaccharides isolated from Pleurotus geesteranus on alcohol-induced liver injury.

The present work investigated the hepatoprotective role of exopolysaccharides (EPS) isolated from the mushroom Pleurotus geesteranus with respect to alcohol-induced liver injury in mice. Based on a physico-chemical analysis, the EPS produced by Pleurotus geesteranus was identified as a heteropolysaccharide with α-glycosidic bond. The results revealed that prophylactic application of the EPS reduces detrimental alcoholic effects on the liver.