Ultrathin zwitterionic COF membranes from colloidal 2D-COF towards precise molecular sieving.

Membrane technology is an important component of resource recovery. Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) with inherent long-range ordered structure and permanent porosity are ideal materials for fabricating advanced membrane. Zwitterionic COFs have unique features beyond single ionic COFs containing anions or cations.

2D MoS-based reconfigurable analog hardware.

Biological neural circuits demonstrate exceptional adaptability to diverse tasks by dynamically adjusting neural connections to efficiently process information. However, current two-dimension materials-based neuromorphic hardware mainly focuses on specific devices to individually mimic artificial synapse or heterosynapse or soma and encoding the inner neural states to realize corresponding mock object function. Recent advancements suggest that integrating multiple two-dimension material devices to realize brain-like functions including the inter-mutual connecting assembly engineering has become a new research trend.

Cascadable optical nonlinear activation function based on Ge-Si.

To augment the capabilities of optical computing, specialized nonlinear devices as optical activation functions are crucial for enhancing the complexity of optical neural networks. However, existing optical nonlinear activation function devices often encounter challenges in preparation, compatibility, and multi-layer cascading. Here, we propose a cascadable optical nonlinear activation function architecture based on Ge-Si structured devices.

Imaging Spectropolarimeter Using a Multifunctional Metasurface.

Spectral polarization imaging is critical for broad applications ranging from remote sensing to biomedicine. Here, we propose and experimentally demonstrate an imaging spectropolarimeter based on a single multifunctional metasurface. The designed metasurface accurately maps spectral and polarization information onto focal points and vortex beams, enabling simultaneous detection through intensity distributions.

Assessing the importance and safety of hypoxia conditioning for patients with occupational pulmonary diseases: A recent clinical perspective.

Occupational pulmonary diseases (OPDs) pose a significant global health challenge, contributing to high mortality rates. This review delves into the pathophysiology of hypoxia and the safety of intermittent hypoxic conditioning (IHC) in OPD patients. By examining sources such as PubMed, Relemed, NLM, Scopus, and Google Scholar, the review evaluates the efficacy of IHC in clinical outcomes for OPD patients.

Multimodal deep learning using on-chip diffractive optics with in situ training capability.

Multimodal deep learning plays a pivotal role in supporting the processing and learning of diverse data types within the realm of artificial intelligence generated content (AIGC). However, most photonic neuromorphic processors for deep learning can only handle a single data modality (either vision or audio) due to the lack of abundant parameter training in optical domain. Here, we propose and demonstrate a trainable diffractive optical neural network (TDONN) chip based on on-chip diffractive optics with massive tunable elements to address these constraints.

A wave delay neural network for solving label-constrained shortest route query on time-varying communication networks.

The focus of the research is on the label-constrained time-varying shortest route query problem on time-varying communication networks. To the best of our knowledge, research on this issue is still relatively limited, and similar studies have the drawbacks of low solution accuracy and slow computational speed. In this study, a wave delay neural network (WDNN) framework and corresponding algorithms is proposed to effectively solve the label-constrained time-varying shortest routing query problem.

Predictive value of miR-7110-5p and miR-223-3p as biomarkers for sepsis secondary to pneumonia.

Background: Investigating the secondary sepsis of pneumonia is of great significance for rapid diagnosis and early treatment of sepsis.

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the predictive value of micro ribonucleic acids (miRNA) 7110-5p and miR-223-3p in sepsis secondary to pneumonia. A miRNA microarray was used to analyze the differences in miRNA expression between patients with pneumonia and those with sepsis secondary to pneumonia.

Deep network fault diagnosis for imbalanced small-sized samples via a coupled adversarial autoencoder based on the Bayesian method.

Deep network fault diagnosis methods heavily rely on abundant labeled data for effective model training. However, small-sized samples and imbalanced samples often lead to insufficient features, resulting in accuracy degradation and even instability in the diagnosis model. To address this challenge, this paper introduces a coupled adversarial autoencoder (CoAAE) based on the Bayesian method.

An adaptive fully convolutional network for bearing fault diagnosis under noisy environments.

Intelligent diagnostic algorithms based on convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have shown great potential in diagnosing various conditions. However, accurately and robustly diagnosing faults in noisy situations remains challenging. This study presents an adaptive fully convolutional network (AFCN) for identifying bearing defects in noisy environments.

Hybrid Ghost Phonon Polaritons in Thin-Film Heterostructure.

Ghost phonon polaritons (g-PhPs), a unique class of phonon polaritons in the infrared, feature ultralong diffractionless propagation (>20 μm) across the surface and tilted wavefronts in the bulk. Here, we study hybrid g-PhPs in a heterostructure of calcite and an ultrathin film of the phase change material (PCM) InSbTe, where the optical field is bound in the PCM film with enhanced confinement compared with conventional g-PhPs. Near-field optical images for hybrid g-PhPs reveal a lemniscate pattern in the momentum distribution.

Parity-time symmetry enabled ultra-efficient nonlinear optical signal processing.

Unlabelled: Nonlinear optical signal processing (NOSP) has the potential to significantly improve the throughput, flexibility, and cost-efficiency of optical communication networks by exploiting the intrinsically ultrafast optical nonlinear wave mixing. It can support digital signal processing speeds of up to terabits per second, far exceeding the line rate of the electronic counterpart. In NOSP, high-intensity light fields are used to generate nonlinear optical responses, which can be used to process optical signals.

Efficient second harmonic generation in a high-Q Fabry-Perot microresonator on x-cut thin film lithium niobate.

Microresonators facilitate enhanced light-matter interactions within a limited space, showing great promise for nonlinear optics. Here, we demonstrate a high-quality (Q) factor Fabry-Perot microresonator (FPR) for second harmonic generation (SHG) on an x-cut thin film lithium niobate (TFLN) platform. The FPR exhibits Q factors of Q = 1.

Spatiotemporal beating and vortices of van der Waals hyperbolic polaritons.

In conventional thin materials, the diffraction limit of light constrains the number of waveguide modes that can exist at a given frequency. However, layered van der Waals (vdW) materials, such as hexagonal boron nitride (hBN), can surpass this limitation due to their dielectric anisotropy, exhibiting positive permittivity along one optic axis and negativity along the other. This enables the propagation of hyperbolic rays within the material bulk and an unlimited number of subdiffractional modes characterized by hyperbolic dispersion.

40 Gb/s multimode all-optical regenerator based on the low-loss silicon-based nanowaveguide.

With the increasing demand for communication capacity, all-optical regeneration of multimode signals is a helpful technology of network nodes and optical signal processors. However, the difficulty of regenerating signal in higher-order modes hinders the practical application of multimode all-optical regenerators. In this study, we experimentally demonstrate the 40 Gb/s all-optical regeneration of NRZ-OOK signal in TE0 and TE1 modes via four-wave mixing (FWM) in the low-loss silicon-based nanowaveguide.

Van der Waals quaternary oxides for tunable low-loss anisotropic polaritonics.

The discovery of ultraconfined polaritons with extreme anisotropy in a number of van der Waals (vdW) materials has unlocked new prospects for nanophotonic and optoelectronic applications. However, the range of suitable materials for specific applications remains limited. Here we introduce tellurite molybdenum quaternary oxides-which possess non-centrosymmetric crystal structures and extraordinary nonlinear optical properties-as a highly promising vdW family of materials for tunable low-loss anisotropic polaritonics.

Integrated waveguide coupled ultralow-loss multimode waveguides based on silicon nitride resonators.

On-chip micro-ring resonators (MRRs) with low loss and large free spectral ranges (FSRs) are important for photonic devices. So far, ultra-low-loss silicon-nitride (Si3N4) waveguides are primarily fabricated in laboratories, as they often demand special processes to reduce transmission losses. While, Si3N4 waveguides fabricated by the standard multi-project wafer (MPW)-based processes often suffer from significant sidewall scattering, resulting in high scattering losses.

Developing an early warning system for detecting sepsis in patients with trauma.

The purpose of this study was to analyse the risk factors for sepsis in patients with trauma and develop a new scoring system for predicting sepsis in patients with trauma based on these risk factors. This will provide a simple and effective early warning method for the rapid and accurate detection and evaluation of the probability of sepsis in patients with trauma to assist in planning timely clinical interventions. We undertook a retrospective analysis of the clinical data of 216 patients with trauma who were admitted to the emergency intensive care unit of the emergency medicine department of the Hebei Medical University Third Hospital, China, between November 2017 and October 2022.

A biomarker panel of C-reactive protein, procalcitonin and serum amyloid A is a predictor of sepsis in severe trauma patients.

Severe trauma could induce sepsis due to the loss of control of the infection, which may eventually lead to death. Accurate and timely diagnosis of sepsis with severe trauma remains challenging both for clinician and laboratory. Combinations of markers, as opposed to single ones, may improve diagnosis.

Breast Cancer-related Lymphedema: Recent Updates on Clinical Efficacy of Therapies and Bioengineering Approaches for a Personalized Therapy.

Background: Post-mastectomy lymphedema is a chronic progressive disease characterized by a significant reduction in quality of life and a range of complications.

Aim: To this date, no single treatment method provides pathological correction of the mechanisms associated with tissue reorganization observed in later-stage breast cancer-related lymphedema (BCRL).

Methods: To define a personalized approach to the management of patients with iatrogenic lymphedema, we performed a systematic review of literature without a comprehensive meta-analysis to outline existing molecular- genetic patterns, overview current treatment methods and their efficacy, and highlight the specific tissue-associated changes in BCRL conditions and other bio-engineering approaches to develop personalized therapy.