Enhanced bioconversion of hydrogen and carbon dioxide to methane using a micro-nano sparger system: mass balance and energy consumption.

Simultaneous CO removal with renewable biofuel production can be achieved by methanogens through conversion of CO and H into CH. However, the low gas-liquid mass transfer ( ) of H limits the commercial application of this bioconversion. This study tested and compared the gas-liquid mass transfer of H by using two stirred tank reactors (STRs) equipped with a micro-nano sparger (MNS) and common micro sparger (CMS), respectively.