Background & Aims: Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) has a complex tumor microenvironment enriched with tumor-associated macrophages. Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (TREM2) is highly expressed by a subset of macrophages in PDAC. However, the functional role of TREM2 in PDAC progression remains elusive.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCell Mol Biol Lett
January 2025
Shiga toxin (Stx)-induced hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) poses a life-threatening complication for which a definitive treatment remains elusive. To exert its cytotoxic effect on renal cells, Stx must be delivered from the infected intestines to the kidney. However, the mechanism underlying Stx delivery remains unclear.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPancreatic cancer is associated with an oncogenic KRAS mutation in approximately 90% of cases. However, a non-negligible proportion of pancreatic cancer cases harbor wild-type KRAS (KRAS-WT). This study establishes genetically engineered mouse models that develop spontaneous pancreatic cancer in the context of KRAS-WT.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground & Aims: Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) has a desmoplastic tumor stroma and immunosuppressive microenvironment. Galectin-3 (GAL3) is enriched in PDAC, highly expressed by cancer cells and myeloid cells. However, the functional roles of GAL3 in the PDAC microenvironment remain elusive.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFZinc and ring finger 3 (ZNRF3) is a negative suppressor of Wnt signal and newly identified as an important regulator in tumorigenesis and development. However, the pan-cancer analysis of ZNRF3 has not been reported. We found that ZNRF3 was significantly decreased in six tumors including CESC, KIRP, KIRC, SKCM, OV, and ACC, but increased in twelve tumors, namely LGG, ESCA, STES, COAD, STAD, LUSC, LIHC, THCA, READ, PAAD, TGCT, and LAML.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInt J Antimicrob Agents
May 2024
For successful viral propagation within infected cells, the virus needs to overcome the cellular integrated stress response (ISR), triggered during viral infection, which, in turn, inhibits general protein translation. This paper reports a tactic employed by viruses to suppress the ISR by upregulating host cell polyribonucleotide nucleotidyltransferase 1 (PNPT1). The propagation of adenovirus, murine cytomegalovirus and hepatovirus within their respective host cells induces PNPT1 expression.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a devastating malignant disease with a dismal prognosis. In the past decades, a plethora of genetically engineered mouse models (GEMMs) with autochthonous pancreatic tumor development have greatly facilitated studies of pancreatic cancer. Commonly used GEMMs of PDAC often harbor the oncogenic KRAS driver mutation (), in combination with either p53 mutation by knock-in strategy () or p53 loss by conditional knockout () strategy, in pancreatic cell lineages.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFinding effective treatments for cancer requires a thorough understanding of how it develops and progresses. Recent research has revealed the crucial role that Zinc and ring finger 2 (ZNRF2) play in the progression of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) by controlling cell growth and death. However, a comprehensive analysis of ZNRF2's role in cancer as a whole has yet to be conducted.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCompressibility is one of the important engineering properties of municipal solid waste (MSW) affecting the stability and functionality of a landfill. Although the correlations between MSW properties and compression parameters have been established, they either have low accuracy and small datasets or are only limited to a few specific landfills in a region. In this study, a new method using the initial global void ratio (e*) of MSW to estimate the compression indices is developed based on a comprehensive MSW dataset.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInfiltration of polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) plays a central role in acute lung injury (ALI). The mechanisms governing PMN inflammatory responses, however, remain incompletely understood. Based on our recent study showing a non-metabolic role of pyruvate kinase type M2 (PKM2) in controlling PMN degranulation of secondary and tertiary granules and consequent chemotaxis, here we tested a hypothesis that -deficient mice may resist ALI due to impaired PMN inflammatory responses.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFObjectives: This study aims to investigate how human papillomavirus (HPV) affects the key gene in the biological behaviors of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) that leads to better response to radiotherapy.
Materials And Methods: The expression of key gene CENPM was analyzed using The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) HNSCC data and HPV positive and HPV negative HNSCC tumors and cells. Assays with siRNAs, CRISPR/Cas9-based models, Western blot, qRT-PCR, ChIP, etc.
Background: Although using a blockade of programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) to enhance T cell immune responses shows great promise in tumor immunotherapy, the immune-checkpoint inhibition strategy is limited for patients with solid tumors. The mechanism and efficacy of such immune-checkpoint inhibition strategies in solid tumors remains unclear.
Results: Employing qRT-PCR, Sanger sequencing, and RNA BaseScope analysis, we show that human lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) all produce a long non-coding RNA isoform of PD-L1 (PD-L1-lnc) by alternative splicing, regardless if the tumor is positive or negative for the protein PD-L1.
This study systematically investigated the acid washing of incineration bottom ash (IBA) of municipal solid waste, focusing on the removal and leaching of heavy metals (Pb, Zn, Cr, Cd, Cu, and Ni), as well as their pH-dependent behavior. A series of small-scale laboratory acid washing tests with different nitric acid concentrations and washing periods were conducted. The concentrations of metals in the washing water were measured to evaluate the metal removal efficiency.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIsolation and analysis of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) from peripheral blood provides a potential way to detect and characterize cancer. Existing technologies to separate or capture CTCs from whole blood still have issues with sample throughput, separation efficiency or stable efficiency at different flow rates. Here, we proposed a new concept to capture rare CTCs from blood by integrating a triangular prism array-based capture apparatus with streamline-based focus-separation speed reduction design.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCD47 deficient mice are resistant to dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced experimental colitis. The underlying mechanism, however, remains incompletely understood. In this study, we characterized the role of CD47 in modulating homeostasis of gastrointestinal tract.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMethylation of miRNAs at the 2'-hydroxyl group on the ribose at 3'-end (2'-O-methylation, 2'Ome) is critical for miRNA function in plants and Drosophila. Whether this methylation phenomenon exists for mammalian miRNA remains unknown. Through LC-MS/MS analysis, we discover that majority of miR-21-5p isolated from human non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) tissue possesses 3'-terminal 2'Ome.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIncineration bottom ash (IBA) of municipal solid waste is a potential construction material for civil engineering. However, the possible leaching of trace heavy metals from IBA is a concern. Water washing is a simple and economic method to remove heavy metals from IBA.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFWe present and demonstrate an efficient method for the reconstruction of profiles acquired by multifocal structured illumination microscopy (MSIM) utilizing few raw images. Firstly, we propose a method to produce nine raw multifocal images with enhanced modulation depth to accomplish the uniform illumination of the sample. Then, combing with the parameter of the arrays, we perform the standard construct reconstruction procedure of structured illumination microscopy (SIM) row by row and column by column.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2)-mediated aerobic glycolysis has been shown to play a critical role in promoting cell survival and proliferation. However, little is known about the function of intestinal epithelial PKM2 in intestine homeostasis. Here we investigate whether and how intestinal epithelial PKM2 modulates the morphology and function of the adult intestine in experimental colitis.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFVaricella-zoster virus (VZV) leads to chicken pox on primary infection and herpes zoster on reactivation. Recent studies suggest that microRNA2911 (MIR2911), honeysuckle (HS)-encoded atypical microRNA, has potential as a therapeutic agent against influenza and EV71 virus infections. Here, we report that MIR2911 directly inhibits VZV replication by targeting the IE62 gene.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAlthough emerging evidence has revealed that microRNAs (miRNAs) dysregulation contribute to carcinogenesis, the mechanism underlying their roles in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is unclear. The purpose of the current study was to analyze the association of miR-200a-3p expression with RCC and to understand potential novel target genes, functions and mechanisms of miR-200a-3p in RCC. MiR-200a-3p expression levels were first measured by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and in situ hybridization in pairs of RCC tissue samples.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInfection of H5N1 influenza virus causes the highest mortality among all influenza viruses. The mechanisms underlying such high viral pathogenicity are incompletely understood. Here, we report that the H5N1 influenza virus encodes a microRNA-like small RNA, miR-HA-3p, which is processed from a stem loop-containing viral RNA precursor by Argonaute 2, and plays a role in enhancing cytokine production during H5N1 infection.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFHepatic miR-122 can serve as a pro-apoptotic factor to suppress tumorigenesis. The underlying mechanism, however, remains incompletely understood. Here we present the first evidence that miR-122 promotes hepatocellular carcinoma cell apoptosis through directly silencing the biogenesis of cell survival oncomiR miR-21 at posttranscriptional level.
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