Colossal Orbital Current Induced by Gradient Oxidation for High-Efficiency Magnetization Switching.

Orbital angular momentum flow can be used to develop a low-dissipation electronic information device by manipulating the orbital current. However, efficiently generating and fully harnessing orbital currents is a formidable challenge. In this study, an approach is presented that induces a colossal orbital current by gradient oxidation in Pt/Ta to enhance spin-orbit torque (SOT) and achieve high-efficiency magnetization switching.

Enhanced Spin-Orbit Torque Efficiency in Platinum-Gadolinium Oxide Nanocomposite Films.

Spin-orbit torque (SOT) has emerged as an effective means of manipulating magnetization. However, the current energy efficiency of SOT operation is inefficient due to low damping-like SOT efficiency per unit current bias. In this work, we dope conventional rare earth oxides, GdO, into highly conductive platinum by magnetron sputtering to form a new group of spin Hall materials.

Extracellular vesicle dynamics in COPD: understanding the role of miR-422a, SPP1 and IL-17 A in smoking-related pathology.

Background: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) induced by smoking poses a significant global health challenge. Recent findings highlight the crucial role of extracellular vesicles (EVs) in mediating miRNA regulatory networks across various diseases. This study utilizes the GEO database to uncover distinct expression patterns of miRNAs and mRNAs, offering a comprehensive understanding of the pathogenesis of smoking-induced COPD.

Low-Cost Photoelectric Flow Rate Sensors Based on a Flexible Planar Curved Beam Structure for Clinical Treatments.

In clinical treatments, reliable flow rate measurements ensure accurate drug delivery during infusions, precise gas delivery during artificial ventilations, etc., thereby reducing patient morbidity and mortality. However, precise flow rate sensors are costly, so medical devices with limited budgets choose cheaper but unsatisfactory flow rate measurement approaches, leading to increased medical risks.

Carbon dots induce pathological damage to the intestine via causing intestinal flora dysbiosis and intestinal inflammation.

Background: Carbon dots (CDs), as excellent antibacterial nanomaterials, have gained great attention in treating infection-induced diseases such as periodontitis and stomatitis. Given the eventual exposure of CDs to the intestine, elucidating the effect of CDs on intestinal health is required for the safety evaluation of CDs.

Results: Herein, CDs extracted from ε-poly-L-lysine (PL) were chosen to explore the modulation effect of CDs on probiotic behavior in vitro and intestinal remodeling in vivo.

Development of ε-poly(L-lysine) carbon dots-modified magnetic nanoparticles and their applications as novel antibacterial agents.

Magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) are widely applied in antibacterial therapy owing to their distinct nanoscale structure, intrinsic peroxidase-like activities, and magnetic behavior. However, some deficiencies, such as the tendency to aggregate in water, unsatisfactory biocompatibility, and limited antibacterial effect, hindered their further clinical applications. Surface modification of MNPs is one of the main strategies to improve their (bio)physicochemical properties and enhance biological functions.

A Review on the Application of Cobalt-Based Nanomaterials in Supercapacitors.

Among many electrode materials, cobalt-based nanomaterials are widely used in supercapacitors because of their high natural abundance, good electrical conductivity, and high specific capacitance. However, there are still some difficulties to overcome, including poor structural stability and low power density. This paper summarizes the research progress of cobalt-based nanomaterials (cobalt oxide, cobalt hydroxide, cobalt-containing ternary metal oxides, etc.

Engineering white blood cell membrane-camouflaged nanocarriers for inflammation-related therapeutics.

White blood cells (WBCs) play essential roles against inflammatory disorders, bacterial infections, and cancers. Inspired by nature, WBC membrane-camouflaged nanocarriers (WBC-NCs) have been developed to mimic the "dynamic" functions of WBCs, such as transendothelial migration, adhesion to injured blood vessels, , which make them promising for diverse medical applications. WBC-NCs inherit the cell membrane antigens of WBCs, while still exhibiting the robust inflammation-related therapeutic potential of synthetic nanocarriers with excellent (bio)physicochemical performance.

A Review of Cobalt-Containing Nanomaterials, Carbon Nanomaterials and Their Composites in Preparation Methods and Application.

With the increasing demand for sustainable and green energy, electric energy storage technologies have received enough attention and extensive research. Among them, Li-ion batteries (LIBs) are widely used because of their excellent performance, but in practical applications, the electrochemical performance of electrode materials is not satisfactory. Carbon-based materials with high chemical stability, strong conductivity, high specific surface area, and good capacity retention are traditional anode materials in electrochemical energy storage devices, while cobalt-based nano-materials have been widely used in LIBs anodes because of their high theoretical specific capacity.

Giant Extrinsic Spin Hall Effect in Platinum-Titanium Oxide Nanocomposite Films.

Although the spin Hall effect provides a pathway for efficient and fast current-induced manipulation of magnetization, application of spin-orbit torque magnetic random access memory with low power dissipation is still limited to spin Hall materials with low spin Hall angles or very high resistivities. This work reports a group of spin Hall materials, Pt (TiO ) nanocomposites, that combines a giant spin Hall effect with a low resistivity. The spin Hall angle of Pt (TiO ) in an yttrium iron garnet/Pt (TiO ) double-layer heterostructure is estimated from a combination of ferromagnetic resonance, spin pumping, and inverse spin Hall experiments.

Instantaneous Property Prediction and Inverse Design of Plasmonic Nanostructures Using Machine Learning: Current Applications and Future Directions.

Advances in plasmonic materials and devices have given rise to a variety of applications in photocatalysis, microscopy, nanophotonics, and metastructures. With the advent of computing power and artificial neural networks, the characterization and design process of plasmonic nanostructures can be significantly accelerated using machine learning as opposed to conventional FDTD simulations. The machine learning (ML) based methods can not only perform with high accuracy and return optical spectra and optimal design parameters, but also maintain a stable high computing efficiency without being affected by the structural complexity.

Enhanced Eradication of Bacterial/Fungi Biofilms by Glucose Oxidase-Modified Magnetic Nanoparticles as a Potential Treatment for Persistent Endodontic Infections.

Bacterial/fungal biofilm-mediated persistent endodontic infections (PEIs) are one of the most frequent clinical lesions in the oral cavity, resulting in apical periodontitis and tooth damage caused by loss of minerals. The conventional root canal disinfectants are poorly bio-safe and harmful to teeth and tissues, making them ineffective in treating PEIs. The development of nanomaterials is emerging as a promising strategy to eradicate disease-related bacteria/fungi.

Effects of electrical stimulation on skin surface.

Abstract: Skin is the largest organ in the body, and directly contact with the external environment. Articles on the role of micro-current and skin have emerged in recent years. The function of micro-current is various, including introducing various drugs into the skin locally or throughout the body, stimulating skin wounds healing through various currents, suppressing pain caused by various diseases, and promoting blood circulation for postoperative muscle rehabilitation, etc.

Expression Profiles of CircRNA and mRNA in Lacrimal Glands of AQP5 Mice With Primary Dry Eye.

This work aimed to identify differentially expressed circular RNAs (circRNAs) and elucidate their potential function in aquaporin 5 (AQP5) knockout (AQP5) mice with the primary dry eye phenotype. A slit lamp examination was performed on AQP5 mice to assess corneal epithelial defects using fluorescein sodium staining. Hematoxylin-eosin staining and transmission electron microscopy analysis were performed to identify structural changes in lacrimal gland epithelial cells due to AQP5 deficiency.