Quercetin Regulates the Polarization of Microglia through the NRF2/HO1 Pathway and Mitigates Alzheimer's Disease.

Background: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a burdening disease and is the main cause of dementia. Quercetin (Que), an antioxidant, plays potential roles in treating age-related disorders, including AD. This study aimed to validate the effects of Que on AD and explore the underlying mechanisms.

Protein engineering of an alkaline protease from Bacillus licheniformis (BLAP) for efficient and specific chiral resolution of the racemic ethyl tetrahydrofuroate.

Enzymatic resolution of ethyl tetrahydrofuroate to produce (S)-2-ethyl tetrahydrofuroate and (R)-2-tetrahydrofuroic acid is a green biomanufacturing strategy. However, enzymatic activity and selectivity are still limiting factors of their industrial applications and development. In previous study, we incidentally found that a Bacillus licheniformis alkaline protease (BLAP), not a lipase, could specifically resolve ethyl tetrahydrofuroate to produce (S)-2-ethyl tetrahydrofuroate and (R)-2-tetrahydrofuroic acid.

Biomanufacture of L-homoserine lactone building block: A strategy for preparing γ-substituted L-amino acids by modular reaction.

A strain high-performance of esterase producing bacteria was screened from soil, which could selectively hydrolyze D-homoserine lactone from its racemate to achieve the resolution of L- homoserine lactone with more than 99% e.e. in 48% yield.

Enantioselective resolution of (R,S)-DMPM to prepare (R)-DMPM by an adsorbed-covalent crosslinked esterase PAE07 from Pseudochrobactrum asaccharolyticum WZZ003.

(R)-N-(2,6-dimethylphenyl) aminopropionic acid methyl ester ((R)-DMPM) is an important chiral intermediate of the fungicide N-(2,6-Dimethylphenyl)-N-(methoxyacetyl)-alanine methyl ester ((R)-Metalaxyl). In this study, (1) D3520 (macroporous acrylic anion resin), selected from the ten resins, was used to immobilize the esterase from Pseudochrobactrum asaccharolyticum WZZ003 (PAE07) for resoluting the (R,S)-DMPM to obtain (R)-DMPM. (2) Up to 20 g/L PAE07 could be immobilized onto D3520 with a high enzymatic activity of 32.

Mechano-Enzymatic Degradation of the Chitin from Crustacea Shells for Efficient Production of N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc).

Chitin, the second richest polymer in nature, is composed of the monomer N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc), which has numerous functions and is widely applied in the medical, food, and chemical industries. However, due to the highly crystalline configuration and low accessibility in water of the chitin resources, such as shrimp and crab shells, the chitin is difficult utilize, and the traditional chemical method causes serious environment pollution and a waste of resources. In the present study, three genes encoding chitinolytic enzymes, including the N-acetylglucosaminidase from (), endo-chitinase from (), and multifunctional chitinase from (), were expressed in the system, and the positive transformants with multiple copies were isolated by the PTVA (post-transformational vector amplification) method, respectively.

Production, Biosynthesis, and Commercial Applications of Fatty Acids From Oleaginous Fungi.

Oleaginous fungi (including fungus-like protists) are attractive in lipid production due to their short growth cycle, large biomass and high yield of lipids. Some typical oleaginous fungi including , and , have been well studied for the ability to accumulate fatty acids with commercial application. Here, we review recent progress toward fermentation, extraction, of fungal fatty acids.

One-pot fermentation for erythritol production from distillers grains by the co-cultivation of Yarrowia lipolytica and Trichoderma reesei.

A co-fermentation process involving Yarrowia lipolytica and Trichoderma reesei was studied, using distillers grains (DGS) as feedstocks for erythritol production. DGS can be effectively hydrolyzed by cellulase in the single-strain culture of T. reesei.

The Transcriptomic Mechanism of a Novel Autolysis Induced by a Recombinant Antibacterial Peptide from Chicken Expressed in .

Autolysis is a common physiological process in eukaryotic cells that is often prevented or applied, especially in yeast expression systems. In this study, an antimicrobial peptide from chicken (AMP) was recombinantly expressed in the expression system, which induced a series of cellular autolysis phenotypes after methanol treatment, such as the aggregated, lysed, irregular, and enlarged cell morphology, while the cells expressing a recombinant aflatoxin-detoxifizyme (ADTZ) were not autolyzed. A comparative transcriptomic analysis showed that the transcriptomic profiles of cells derived from the autolysis and non-autolysis groups were well discriminated, suggesting that the mechanisms of autolysis were at the transcriptional level.

Semi-rational protein engineering of a novel esterase from Bacillus aryabhattai (BaCE) for resolution of (R,S)-ethyl indoline-2-carboxylate to prepare (S)-indoline-2-carboxylic acid.

A gene encoding an esterase from Bacillus aryabhattai (BaCE) was identified, synthesized and efficiently expressed in the Escherichia coli system. A semi-rational protein engineering was applied to further improve the enzyme's enantioselectivity. Under the guidance of the molecular docking result, a single mutant BaCE-L86Q and a double mutant BaCE-L86Q/G284E were obtained, with its E value 6.

Enzymatic extraction of pectic oligosaccharides from finger citron ( L. var. Swingle) pomace with antioxidant potential.

Finger citron pomace is a cheap and renewable by-product of the citrus processing industry, representing up to 60% of the fruit biomass. In this study, a pectinase-based and ultrasonic-assisted method was firstly used to extract pectic oligosaccharides (POS) from finger citron pomace. Using the orthogonal experiment design (OED), the maximum conversion rate of up to 64.

The strategies to reduce cost and improve productivity in DHA production by Aurantiochytrium sp.: from biochemical to genetic respects.

The marine oleaginous protist Aurantiochytrium sp. (Schizochytrium sp.) is a well-known docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) producer and its different DHA products are the ideal substitute for the traditional fish oil resource.

Effect of Quercetin on PC12 Alzheimer's Disease Cell Model Induced by A and Its Mechanism Based on Sirtuin1/Nrf2/HO-1 Pathway.

Objective: This study is aimed at studying the effect of quercetin on the Alzheimer disease cell model induced by A in PC12 cells and its mechanism of action.

Methods: The AD cell model was established by A . Quercetin was used at different concentrations (0, 10, 20, 40, and 80 mol/L).

One-step utilization of inulin for docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) production by recombinant Aurantiochytrium sp. carrying Kluyveromyces marxianus inulinase.

This study aimed to express an inulinase gene from the yeast Kluyveromyces marxianus (KmINU) in Aurantiochytrium sp. and realized one-step utilization of inulin resource for DHA production without any chemical pretreatment. An expression cassette with a length of 6052 bp for expressing the inulinase gene was constructed by a fast two-step PCR method and then was transferred into the Aurantiochytrium sp.

Protein Engineering of a Pyridoxal-5'-Phosphate-Dependent l-Aspartate-α-Decarboxylase from for β-Alanine Production.

In the present study, a pyridoxal-5'-phosphate (PLP)-dependent L-aspartate-α-decarboxylase from (TcPanD) was selected for protein engineering to efficiently produce β-alanine. A mutant PanD-R98H/K305S with a 2.45-fold higher activity than the wide type was selected through error-prone PCR, site-saturation mutagenesis, and 96-well plate screening technologies.

Novel strategy of incorporating biochar in solid-state fermentation for enhancing erythritol production by forming "microzones".

Biochar is increasingly considered in addressing bioprocess issues due to its strong adsorbability and excellent compatibility to microbes. Here, biochar was first applied in aerobic solid-state fermentation (SSF) for erythritol production. Biochars derived from different agricultural wastes under various pyrolysis temperatures were evaluated, and wheat straw pyrolyzed at 300 °C (WSc) performed the best in enhancing fermentative erythritol production, with a dosage of 4% (w/w).

Transcriptome Mechanism of Utilizing Corn Steep Liquor as the Sole Nitrogen Resource for Lipid and DHA Biosynthesis in Marine Oleaginous Protist sp.

In the current study, corn steep liquor (CSL) is evaluated as an ideal raw agro-material for efficient lipid and docosahexaenoic acid DHA production by sp. Low CSL level in medium (nitrogen deficiency) stimulated the biosynthesis of lipids and DHA while inhibiting cellular growth. The transcriptomic profiles of the sp.

Synergism of cellulase, pectinase and xylanase on hydrolyzing differently pretreated sweet potato residues.

The synergism of cellulase (C), pectinase (P), and xylanase (X) for the saccharification of sweet potato residues (SPR) was investigated. The removal of starch from SPR was easily achieved by using amylase, but the cellulose conversion of de-starched SPR was relatively low, thus dilute HSO, NaOH, and HO pretreatment was conducted to improve the enzymatic digestibility. The lignin content of NaOH pretreated SPR was the lowest, whereas HSO pretreatment resulted in the lowest contents of hemicellulose and pectin.

Oil crop wastes as substrate candidates for enhancing erythritol production by modified Yarrowia lipolytica via one-step solid state fermentation.

Oil crop wastes are attractive feedstocks in microbial processes due to their low cost. However, the product yields can be limited by their undesirable nitrogen surplus. Present study proposed a one-step solid state fermentation (SSF) method for producing erythritol from unrefined oil crop wastes using a modified strain Y.

Integrated Approaches to Reveal Genes Crucial for Tannin Degradation in T9.

Tannins biodegradation by a microorganism is one of the most efficient ways to produce bioproducts of high value. However, the mechanism of tannins biodegradation by yeast has been little explored. In this study, T9 isolated from red wine starter showed the ability for tannins degradation and had its highest biomass when the initial tannic acid concentration was 20 g/L.

Whole Conversion of Soybean Molasses into Isomaltulose and Ethanol by Combining Enzymatic Hydrolysis and Successive Selective Fermentations.

Isomaltulose is mainly produced from sucrose by microbial fermentation, when the utilization of sucrose contributes a high production cost. To achieve a low-cost isomaltulose production, soy molasses was introduced as an alternative substrate. Firstly, α-galactosidase gene from was expressed in which then showed a galactosidase activity of 121.

High-Throughput Biochemical Fingerprinting of Oleaginous sp. Strains by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR) for Lipid and Carbohydrate Productions.

The traditional biochemical methods for analyzing cellular composition of oleaginous microorganisms are time-consuming, polluting, and expensive. In the present study, an FT-IR method was used to analyze the cellular composition of the marine oleaginous protist sp. during various research processes, such as strains screening, medium optimization, and fermentation, and was evaluated as a green, low-cost, high throughput, and accurate method compared with the traditional methods.

Efficient Conversion of Cane Molasses Towards High-Purity Isomaltulose and Cellular Lipid Using an Engineered Strain in Fed-Batch Fermentation.

Cane molasses is one of the main by-products of sugar refineries, which is rich in sucrose. In this work, low-cost cane molasses was introduced as an alternative substrate for isomaltulose production. Using the engineered lipolytica, the isomaltulose production reached the highest (102.

Transcriptomic Mechanism of the Phytohormone 6-Benzylaminopurine (6-BAP) Stimulating Lipid and DHA Synthesis in Aurantiochytrium sp.

The phytohormone 6-benzylaminopurine (6-BAP) significantly improves lipid synthesis of oleaginous microorganisms with the great potential applied in lipid production. In the current study, the lipid and DHA productions in oleaginous Aurantiochytrium sp. were found to be improved by 48.

Transcription factor CgAzf1 regulates melanin production, conidial development and infection in Colletotrichum gloeosporioides.

Rubber anthracnose caused by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides leads to huge economic loss in the natural rubber industry every year. Conidia of C. gloeosporioides are a major infection source but little is known about molecular mechanisms underlying conidial development and infection.

Photodynamic Inactivation of Multidrug-Resistant Using Hybrid Photosensitizers Based on Amphiphilic Block Copolymer-Functionalized Gold Nanoparticles.

Multidrug-resistant (MRSA) has become one of the major causes of various infections, leading to morbidity in both healthy and immune-compromised populations worldwide. Herein, we report a novel type of hybrid photosensitizer based on amphiphilic block copolymer-functionalized gold nanoparticles. The design of the nanoparticles provides a facile means to incorporate hydrophobic photosensitizing molecules for use in aqueous media.