A Review of Recent Advances in Cognitive-Motor Dual-Tasking for Parkinson's Disease Rehabilitation.

Background: Parkinson's disease is primarily characterized by the degeneration of motor neurons, leading to significant impairments in movement. Initially, physical therapy was predominantly employed to address these motor issues through targeted rehabilitation exercises. However, recent research has indicated that cognitive training can enhance the quality of life for patients with Parkinson's.

Nickel-Catalyzed Desulfurative Cross-Coupling of Aryl Iodides with Heteroaromatic Thioethers via C-S Bond Cleavage.

Herein, we present a Ni-catalyzed direct cross-coupling of heteroaromatic thioethers with aryl iodides via selective C(sp)-S bond cleavage under reductive conditions, thereby providing various biaryl frameworks with high efficiency. Mechanistic studies suggested Mo(CO) played a crucial role in facilitating the activation of the C(sp)-S bond. This protocol demonstrated a wide substrate scope, operational simplicity, and good functional group compatibility.

A novel strategy to construct hydrogels with anti-swelling and water-retention abilities by covalent surface modification.

Hydrogels have been widely used in various fields due to their diverse properties and flexible preparation methods. However, limited by the open network structure, hydrogels inevitably lose water in air or absorb water in aqueous solution, resulting in the loss of intrinsic functions, which severely hinders their practical applications. To address this issue, a general strategy was developed by subsequently modifying the surface of hydrogels with branched polyethyleneimine (PEI) and (3-(methacryloxy)propyl)trimethoxysilane (MPS) to covalently construct a dense cross-linked siloxane layer on the hydrogel surface.

Redox Reactions of Organic Molecules Using Rotating Magnetic Field and Metal Rods.

In recent years, redox reactions have harnessed light or mechanical energy to enable the formation of chemical bonds. We postulated a complementary approach that electromagnetic induction could promote the redox reaction of organic molecules using a rotating magnetic field and metal rods. Here, we report that electromotive force activates the redox-active trifluoromethylating reagents.

Experience of undergraduate nursing students participating in artificial intelligence + project task driven learning at different stages: a qualitative study.

Background: Artificial intelligence is a growing phenomenon that will soon facilitate wide-scale changes in many professions, and is expected to play an important role in the field of medical education. This study explored the realistic feelings and experiences of nursing undergraduates participating in different stages of artificial intelligence + project task driven learning, and provide a basis for artificial intelligence participation in nursing teaching.

Methods: We conducted face-to-face semi-structured interviews with nursing undergraduates participating in Nursing Research Course which adopts artificial intelligence + project task driven learning from a medical university in Ningxia from September to November 2023, to understand their experience of using artificial intelligence for learning and the emotional changes at different stages.

EMM-Promoted Pd-Catalyzed Solid State Intramolecular Heck-Type Cyclization/Boronation and Suzuki Couplings: Access to Functionalized Indolines.

EMM (electromagnetic mill)-promoted Pd-catalyzed solid state intramolecular Heck-type cyclization/boronation and Suzuki couplings are reported. Compared to previous mechanochemistry that constructed one chemical bond through a cross-coupling reaction, this strategy realizes cascade transformation along with multiple chemical bond formation. This conversion does not require organic solvents or additional heating, and it shows a good substrate scope and high functional group tolerance.

Zinc 1,1,2,2-Tetrafluoroethanesulfinate: A Synthetically Useful Oxidative and Photoredox Source of the 1,1,2,2-Tetrafluoroethyl Radical.

1,1,2,2-Tetrafluoroethyl-containing molecules are of potential importance in drug discovery, but the efficient synthesis of such compounds is still relatively unexplored due to the lack of readily available reagents for the incorporation of the HCFCF group. Herein, we introduce a new reagent, zinc 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethanesulfinate, which can be useful for the oxidative tetrafluoroethylation of arylboronic acids and heteroarenes as well as for a novel photoredox, three component hydro-tetrafluoroethylation of two alkenes of complementary reactivity.

Visible-Light-Induced Three-Component Tetrafluoroethyl-heteroarylation of Alkenes with 1,1,2,2-Tetrafluoroethanesulfonyl Chloride and Quinoxalin-2(1H)-ones.

1,1,2,2-Tetrafluoroethyl-containing compounds are valuable structures due to their unique physicochemical properties, which have increasing potential application in drug discovery. However, synthetic methods for preparing such compounds are rare. Herein, we report the first use of 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethanesulfonyl chloride to introduce the HCF CF group into organic molecules via a three-component, radical tetrafluoroethyl-heteroarylation of alkenes with readily available quinoxalin-2(1H)-ones.

On the combination of adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system and deep residual network for improving detection rates on intrusion detection.

Deep Residual Networks (ResNets) are prone to overfitting in problems with uncertainty, such as intrusion detection problems. To alleviate this problem, we proposed a method that combines the Adaptive Neuro-fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) and the ResNet algorithm. This method can make use of the advantages of both the ANFIS and ResNet, and alleviate the overfitting problem of ResNet.

A hybrid interpretable deep structure based on adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system, decision tree, and K-means for intrusion detection.

For generating an interpretable deep architecture for identifying deep intrusion patterns, this study proposes an approach that combines ANFIS (Adaptive Network-based Fuzzy Inference System) and DT (Decision Tree) for interpreting the deep pattern of intrusion detection. Meanwhile, for improving the efficiency of training and predicting, Pearson Correlation analysis, standard deviation, and a new adaptive K-means are used to select attributes and make fuzzy interval decisions. The proposed algorithm was trained, validated, and tested on the NSL-KDD (National security lab-knowledge discovery and data mining) dataset.

Electromagnetic Mill Promoted Mechanochemical Solvent-Free Palladium-Catalyzed Borylation of Aryl Bromides.

The electromagnetic mill (EMM) promoted mechanochemical solvent-free palladium-catalyzed borylation of aryl bromides using low palladium catalyst loading (0.05-0.5 mol %) was realized.

Straightforward Synthesis of Alkyl Fluorides via Visible-Light-Induced Hydromono- and Difluoroalkylations of Alkenes with α-Fluoro Carboxylic Acids.

We herein report the first visible-light-induced hydromono- and difluoroalkylations of alkenes with inexpensive and easily accessible α-fluoro carboxylic acids. This metal-free protocol exhibits mild conditions, high efficiency, and excellent functional-group tolerance, providing a straightforward approach to mono- and difluoroalkylated alkanes. Moreover, the fluorine effect on the hydrofluoroalkylation reaction is discussed in detail.

Pd/EtN·HI-Catalyzed Intramolecular C-H Alkylation to Access []-Annulated Indoles via Highly Regioselective Ring-Opening of Epoxides.

A Pd/EtN·HI-catalyzed intramolecular C-H alkylation of indoles with epoxides was achieved to furnish -fused indole frameworks (5-, 6-, and 7-membered rings) bearing an alcohol group. The conversion proceeded smoothly in the presence of a catalytic amount of EtN·HI together with a palladium catalyst and exhibited great functional group tolerance. The employment of EtN·HI not only avoids the prior preparation of alkyl halide substrates but also is the key to the high chemoselective ring-opening of epoxides.

Silver-catalyzed monofluoroalkylation of heteroarenes with α-fluorocarboxylic acids: an insight into the solvent effect.

A mild and efficient method for direct C-H monofluoroalkylation of heteroarenes with easily accessible and inexpensive α-fluorocarboxylic acids has been developed. This silver-catalyzed reaction affords mono- and bis-monofluoroalkylated heteroarenes in good yields under mild conditions, and the solvent effect on the monofluoroalkylation reaction is discussed in detail.

An electrochemical amplification strategy based on the ferrocene functionalized cuprous oxide superparticles for the detection of NSE.

A sandwich-type electrochemical immunosensor was designed utilizing ferrocene-functionalized cuprous oxide superparticles (Au/Fc@CuO SPs) as the signal label and graphene supported by hollow carbon balls (HCNs-GR) as the substrate. The CuO SPs possess a superparticle structure with synergistic properties of isotropy and promising catalytic activity. Ferrocene (Fc) was deposited on the CuO SPs to act as the electronic transmission medium.

Palladium/Norbornene Catalyzed Amination/Cyclization of Aryl Iodide: Process to 3-Methyl-indole Derivates and Controllable Reductive Elimination against the Second Amination.

A palladium/norbornene cooperative catalyzed selective C-H bond amination of aryl iodides was explored, providing an efficient tool for constructing benzocyclic molecules. When -substituted iodobenzene was involved, the C-H bond amination and following Heck cyclization efficiently delivered a 3-methyl-indole scaffold. On the other hand, we realized the controllable synthesis of monoaminated benzo-cyclobutanyl scaffold.

Simultaneous electrochemical determination of two hepatitis B antigens using graphene-SnO hybridized with sea urchin-like bimetallic nanoparticles.

The hepatitis B virus (HBV) can cause chronic hepatitis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBs-Ag) and Hepatitis B e-antigen (HBe-Ag) are key markers for the diagnosis of HBV. In this study, electrodeposited gold was used as a sensing platform.

Ultrasensitive electrochemical detection of neuron-specific enolase based on spiny core-shell Au/CuO@CeO nanocubes.

As a specific biomarker, neuron-specific enolase (NSE) is an essential clinical indicator for diagnosing small cell lung cancer. In this paper, a sandwich-type electrochemical immunosensor was designed for the quantitative detection of NSE. AuPt nanoblock spherical nanoarchitectonics (AuPt NSNs), a bimetallic nanoparticle with a rugged morphology, were utilized as the substrate, which could enhance the electronic conduction and increase the immobilization capacity of the primary antibody (Ab).

Nickel-Catalyzed Reductive Aryl Thiocarbonylation of Alkene via Thioester Group Transfer Strategy.

Herein reported is a nickel-catalyzed reductive aryl thiocarbonylation of alkene via thioester group transfer strategy by using simple and readily available thioesters. In contrast to traditional activation of weaker C(acyl)-S bond, the C(acyl)-C bond of thioester was selectively cleaved to enable this reaction under mild conditions. Furthermore, this approach features operational simplicity and broad substrate scope, providing a complementary and practical route for thioester synthesis without requiring toxic thiol or CO gas.

1,1-Difluoroethyl chloride (CHCFCl), a novel difluoroalkylating reagent for 1,1-difluoroethylation of arylboronic acids.

1,1-Difluoroethylated aromatics are of great importance in medicinal chemistry and related fields. 1,1-Difluoroethyl chloride (CHCFCl), a cheap and abundant industrial raw material, is viewed as an ideal 1,1-difluoroethylating reagent, but the direct introduction of the difluoroethyl (CFCH) group onto aromatic rings using CHCFCl has not been successfully accomplished. Herein, we disclose a nickel-catalyzed 1,1-difluoroethylation of arylboronic acids with CHCFCl for the synthesis of (1,1-difluoroethyl)arenes.

An electrochemical sandwich immunosensor for cardiac troponin I by using nitrogen/sulfur co-doped graphene oxide modified with Au@Ag nanocubes as amplifiers.

A voltammetric sandwich immunoassay is described for the biomarker cardiac troponin I (cTnI). The gold nanocube-functionalized graphene oxide (AuNC/GO) is employed as a substrate to accelerate the electron transfer and to immobilize more primary antibodies. It also employs composite materials prepared from bimetallic gold/silver core-shell nanocubes and nitrogen and sulfur co-doped reduced graphene oxide as the signal amplifier.

Sandwich-type electrochemical immunosensor based on Au@Pt DNRs/NH-MoSe NSs nanocomposite as signal amplifiers for the sensitive detection of alpha-fetoprotein.

A sandwich-type electrochemical immunosensor was fabricated for the quantitation of alpha fetoprotein (AFP). To this end, the Au@Pt dendritic nanorods loaded with amino functionalized molybdenum selenide nanosheets (Au@Pt 41 DNRs/NH2-MoSe2 NSs) with enhanced peroxidase-like properties were selected as the secondary antibody label (Ab2) to achieve signal amplification. The as-obtained Au@Pt DNRs/NH2-MoSe2 NSs exhibited better catalytic activity toward hydrogen peroxide reduction and offered rich anchors for bioconjugation.

A palladium-catalyzed regiocontrollable hydroarylation reaction of allenamides with Bpin/HO.

A novel palladium-catalyzed regiocontrollable hydroarylation reaction of allenamides with B2pin2/H2O has been disclosed. H2O as an ideal hydrogen source was activated by B2pin2 to furnish allylamines or enamines with a broad functional group tolerance. The regioselectivity for both of the two products was up to 99 : 1 for most of the examples, which was achieved by adjusting the addition order of the catalyst and iodobenzene derivatives.

Thionin functionalized signal amplification label derived dual-mode electrochemical immunoassay for sensitive detection of cardiac troponin I.

A sensitive sandwich-type electrochemical immunosensor was established by employing Au@Pt core-shell multi-branched nanoparticles, and thionin functionalized nitrogen/sulfur co-doped graphene oxide (N/S-cGO/L-lys/Au@Pt MBs/Thi) as a double signal label to detect cardiac troponin I (cTnI). In this work, Au nanorods functionalized polydopamine (Au NR@PDA) with high adsorption capacity and superior electroconductivity can provide an efficient substrate for immobilizing primary antibodies (Ab). In the proposed N/S-cGO/L-lys/Au@Pt MBs/Thi, an electrochemically active molecule, Thi was covalently bonded in the N/S-cGO/L-lys/Au@Pt MBs.

AuCu O-Embedded Mesoporous CeO Nanocomposites as a Signal Probe for Electrochemical Sensitive Detection of Amyloid-Beta Protein.

A sandwich-type electrochemical immunosensor for detecting amyloid-beta protein was fabricated based on Au NP-functionalized reduced graphene oxide (Au@rGO) as an effective sensing platform and AuCu O-embedded mesoporous CeO (AuCu O@m-CeO) nanocomposites as the catalytic matrix. The AuCu O@m-CeO composites were obtained by adjusting the amount of m-CeO in the reaction to expose enormous active sites. Also, AuCu O@m-CeO was applied as a matrix to immobilize antibodies by forming bridged bonds between m-CeO and carboxyl functional groups of antibodies without additional agents.