Association of α-Klotho with anti-aging effects of Ganoderma lucidum in animal models.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Aging is a complex, universal process characterized by structural and functional decline across multiple organs. Ganoderma lucidum (G. lucidum), a renowned traditional Chinese medicinal fungus, has long been recognized for its anti-aging properties.

Targeting CXCL8 signaling sensitizes HNSCC to anlotinib by reducing tumor-associated macrophage-derived CLU.

Background: Although nutrition-starvation therapy for malignancies such as HNSCC is highly desirable, the clinical outcomes remain disappointing. Understanding the spatial heterogeneity of glucose deficiency can reveal the molecular mechanisms regulating cancer metabolism and identify therapeutic targets to improve effective nutrient-starvation therapies.

Methods: Multiple omics data from RNA-seq, proteomics and spatial transcriptome analyses of HNSCC samples were integrated to analyze the spatial heterogeneity of glucose deficiency.

Synthesis and pharmacological evaluation of natural product diphyllin derivatives against head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.

Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is one of the most common malignant tumors, but clinical drug treatments are limited. The natural product diphyllin was identified as a lead compound suppressing the proliferation of HNSCC cells through phenotypic screening of natural product library. However, further developments of diphyllin as an anti-HNSCC agent were restricted by the weak bioactivity and poor metabolic stability.

Harnessing Defects in SnSe Film via Photo-Induced Doping for Fully Light-Controlled Artificial Synapse.

2D-layered materials are recognized as up-and-coming candidates to overcome the intrinsic physical limitation of silicon-based devices. Herein, the coexistence of positive persistent photoconductivity (PPPC) and negative persistent photoconductivity (NPPC) in SnSe thin films prepared by pulsed laser deposition provides an excellent avenue for engineering novel devices. It is determined that surface oxygen is co-regulated by physisorption and chemisorption, and the NPPC is attributed to the photo-controllable oxygen desorption behavior.

Theoretical Understanding of Electromigration-Related Surface Diffusion and Current-Induced Force in Ag-Pd Systems.

Electromigration, as a common reason for interconnect failure, is becoming increasingly important in the ongoing decrease in the integrated circuit manufacturing process. A study is being carried out utilizing the ab initio calculational method to gain a deeper understanding of electromigration, with a focus on the atom diffusion process in the Ag-Pd alloy system, a commonly used interconnect material. We begin by establishing that the primary mechanism of diffusion is step-edge diffusion on the (111) surface.

A Reconfigurable All-Optical-Controlled Synaptic Device for Neuromorphic Computing Applications.

Retina-inspired visual sensors play a crucial role in the realization of neuromorphic visual systems. Nevertheless, significant obstacles persist in the pursuit of achieving bidirectional synaptic behavior and attaining high performance in the context of photostimulation. In this study, we propose a reconfigurable all-optical controlled synaptic device based on the IGZO/SnO/SnS heterostructure, which integrates sensing, storage and processing functions.

IL-1α facilitates GSH synthesis to counteract oxidative stress in oral squamous cell carcinoma under glucose-deprivation.

Understanding the intrinsic mechanisms underpinning cancer metabolism and therapeutic resistance is of central importance for effective nutrition-starvation therapies. Here, we report that Interleukin 1A (IL1A) mRNA and IL-1α protein facilitate glutathione (GSH) synthesis to counteract oxidative stress and resistance against nutrition-starvation therapy in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). The expression of IL1A mRNA was elevated in the case of OSCC associated with unfavorable clinical outcomes.

Lanostane triterpenoids from mycelia-associated Ganoderma sinense and their anti-inflammatory activity.

Seven previously undescribed lanostane triterpenoids, ganoderic acid M1 (1), M2 (2), M3 (3), M4 (4), M5 (5), M6 (6), and M7 (7), together with eight known compounds, were isolated from mycelia of the basidiomycete Ganoderma sinense (Ganodermataceae). The structures of all compounds were elucidated by spectroscopic analysis. The possible biosynthetic pathway of these fifteen triterpenoids was proposed.

Self-Powered Flexible Ultraviolet Photodetectors Based on CuI/a-ZTO Heterojunction Processed at Room Temperature.

For traditional wide-bandgap semiconductor materials, a high-temperature process is unavoidable for improving crystallization quality, so the substrate of the device is greatly limited. In this work, zinc-tin oxide (a-ZTO) amorphous oxide processed by the pulsed laser deposition method was utilized as the n-type layer, which exhibits considerable electron mobility and optical transparency, and can be deposited at room temperature. At the same time, by combining p-type CuI grown by the thermal evaporation method, a vertically structured ultraviolet photodetector based on CuI/ZTO heterojunction was obtained.

Discovery and excavation of lichen bioactive natural products.

Lichen natural products are a tremendous source of new bioactive chemical entities for drug discovery. The ability to survive in harsh conditions can be directly correlated with the production of some unique lichen metabolites. Despite the potential applications, these unique metabolites have been underutilized by pharmaceutical and agrochemical industries due to their slow growth, low biomass availability, and technical challenges involved in their artificial cultivation.

Combined all-trans retinoic acid with low-dose apatinib in treatment of recurrent/metastatic head and neck adenoid cystic carcinoma: A single-center, secondary analysis of a phase II study.

Background: Treatment options are limited for recurrent/metastatic adenoid cystic carcinoma of the head and neck (R/M ACCHN). We aimed to evaluate the preliminary results of the efficacy and safety of all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) combined with low-dose apatinib in patients with R/M ACCHN according to a secondary analysis of a phase II study.

Methods: Patients from a phase II study (NCT02775370) who orally administered 500 milligram (mg) apatinib daily until treatment-related adverse events (AEs) intolerance or progression occurred were eligible for inclusion.

CD73 in small extracellular vesicles derived from HNSCC defines tumour-associated immunosuppression mediated by macrophages in the microenvironment.

Research on tumour cell-derived small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) that regulate tumour microenvironment (TME) has provided strategies for targeted therapy of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Herein, we demonstrated that sEVs derived from HNSCC cancer cells carried CD73 (sEVs ), which promoted malignant progression and mediated immune evasion. The sEVs phagocytosed by tumour-associated macrophages (TAMs) in the TME induced immunosuppression.

Age-Related Cancer-Associated Microbiota Potentially Promotes Oral Squamous Cell Cancer Tumorigenesis by Distinct Mechanisms.

The oral squamous cell cancer (OSCC) incidence in young patients has increased since the end of the last century; however, the underlying mechanism is still unclear. Oral microbiota dysbiosis was proven to be a tumorigenesis factor, and we propose that there is a distinct bacterial composition in young patients that facilitates the progression of OSCC. Twenty elderly (>60 years old) and 20 young (<50 years old) subjects were included in this study.

UV electroluminescence emissions from high-quality ZnO/ZnMgO multiple quantum well active layer light-emitting diodes.

5-period ZnO/ZnMgO multiple quantum wells (MQWs) were employed as active layers to fabricate the p-GaN/MQWs/n-ZnO diode by molecular beam epitaxy. It exhibited an efficient UV emission around 370 nm at room temperature. Calculated band structures and carrier distributions showed that electrons were restricted to overflow to the p-type layer, and carriers were confined in the high-quality MQWs well layer.

Caveolin-1 promotes cancer progression via inhibiting ferroptosis in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.

Background: Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is an aggressive disease worldwide. Much progress has been made in exploring mechanisms and improving the therapy of HNSCC, but only a few studies have focused on the role of ferroptosis on HNSCC progression. The current study aimed to reveal the underlining mechanisms that caveolin-1 (CAV1)-ROS (reactive oxygen species)-ferroptosis axis affect the process of HNSCC and discover novo therapeutic targets or strategies.

Facile synthesis of graphitic carbon nitride via copolymerization of melamine and TCNQ for photocatalytic hydrogen evolution.

Graphitic carbon nitride (g-CN) has been regarded as an intriguing photocatalyst applying to hydrogen generation but suffering rapid recombination of photoinduced electron-hole pairs and insufficient absorption under visible light. We developed a novel one-pot thermal copolymerization method of melamine as a precursor and 7,7,8,8-tetracyanoquinodimethane (TCNQ) as a comonomer to synthesize modified g-CN (abbreviated as X% TCNQ) for the first time, aiming to directly incorporate TCNQ molecular into carbon nitride skeleton for the substitution of low-electronegative carbon for high-electronegative nitride atom. Results revealed that the as-prepared photocatalysts by copolymerization of melamine with TCNQ retained the original framework of g-CN, and dramatically altered the electronic and optical properties of carbon nitride.

A nine-fold enhancement of visible-light photocatalytic hydrogen production of g-CN with TCNQ by forming a conjugated structure.

Photocatalytic hydrogen evolution by water splitting has become a very effective way to solve the energy crisis. For use in that process, graphitic carbon nitride (g-CN) has drawn much attention for its response in the visible region. However, its insufficient sunlight absorption efficiency and easy recombination of photoinduced carriers restrict its photocatalytic activity.

Enhanced photoresponse of epitaxially grown ZnO by MoO surface functionalization.

ZnO has broad applications in optoelectronic devices, including ultraviolet light emitters and photodetectors. Herein we report the impact of MoO surface functionalization on the photoresponse of epitaxially grown ZnO. Under illumination with 350 nm UV light, the photocurrent of ZnO is found to be enhanced by 2.

The Au/Ag alloy nanoshuttle-TiO nanostructure with enhanced H production under visible light and inactivation analysis.

Plasmonic noble metal has been applied in photocatalytic materials, and TiO with plasmonic noble metal has been studied for a long time. In this work, we have fabricated incomplete covered Au/Ag alloy nanoshuttle-TiO nanomaterials with 268.7 μmol g h H-evolution in a simple solution method.

High responsivity ultraviolet detector based on novel SnO nanoarrays.

In this work, tin oxide (SnO) nanoarrays (NAs) with a novel morphology were fabricated by a hydrothermal method. Each SnO nanorod (NR) consisted of a bunch of nearly ten primary NRs with a width of 4-7 nm. On this basis, gold (Au) nanoparticles (NPs) were used to induce the growth of smaller and more orderly SnO NAs.

Raman determination of carrier concentration in ZnO-based heterostructure light-emitting diodes.

Understanding of the carrier concentration properties of current spreading layers in LED devices is important although difficult to achieve. Here, we present a solution to determine the carrier concentration for current spreading layers in ZnO-based LEDs, based on Raman spectroscopy. Raman spectra and lineshape fitting indicate a hole concentration below 1×10  cm in the p-type region and an electron concentration of 1.

The Rb 3Π state: Observation and analysis.

This paper reports observations and analysis of the Rb 3Π state. A total of 323 rovibrational term values spanning the range of the rotational quantum number = 7 through 77 and the vibrational quantum number = 2 through 23 (about 1/3 of the potential well depth) were measured using the optical-optical double resonance technique. The term values are simulated within a model of a piece-wise multi-parameter potential energy function based on the generalized splines.

Enhanced photoresponse of a high-performance self-powered UV photodetector based on ZnO nanorods and a novel electrolyte by the piezo-phototronic effect.

A flexible self-powered ultraviolet (UV) photodetector based on ZnO nanorods (NRs) and a novel iodine-free quasi solid-state electrolyte was fabricated. The obtained device has a fast and high response to UV light illumination at zero bias and also shows long-term stability. The responsivity is 50.

Photoluminescence enhancement in non-polar ZnO films through metallodielectric mediated Al surface plasmons.

Non-polar ZnO thin films are grown on m-plane sapphire substrates by plasma-assisted molecular beam epitaxy. Emission enhancement from non-polar ZnO thin films coated with Al/AlO has been studied by photoluminescence spectroscopy. AlO has been used to mediate the surface plasmon (SP) energy of Al nanoparticles.

Dual role of Ag nanowires in ZnO quantum dot/Ag nanowire hybrid channel photo thin film transistors.

High mobility and p-type thin film transistors (TFTs) are in urgent need for high-speed electronic devices. In this work, ZnO quantum dot (QD)/Ag nanowire (NW) channel TFTs were fabricated by a solution processed method. The Ag NWs play the dual role of dopant and providing the charge transfer route, which make the channel p-type and enhance its mobility, respectively.