Engineered extracellular vesicles with DR5 agonistic scFvs simultaneously target tumor and immunosuppressive stromal cells.

Small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) are nanosized vesicles. Death receptor 5 (DR5) mediates extrinsic apoptosis. We engineer DR5 agonistic single-chain variable fragment (scFv) expression on the surface of sEVs derived from natural killer cells.

Cascaded Heteroporous Nanocomposites for Thermo-Adaptive Passive Radiation Cooling.

Passive radiative cooling is a promising technology for heat dissipation that does not consume energy. However, current radiative cooling materials can only exhibit subambient cooling under atmospheric conditions and struggle to process specific heat accumulation. Thus, a passive thermal regulation mechanism adapted to wide-temperature-range applications is required to match device heating systems.

Factors underlying burnout among rural village physicians in Southwestern China.

Background: Primary healthcare doctors in China often experience problems with occupational burnout, a condition known to relate to high job stress and low wages. In China, many medical alliances have recently been established in rural areas, where village physicians work as healthcare gatekeepers. However, burnout in village physicians in the context of medical alliances remains underresearched.

Bridging the new drug access gap between China and the United States and its related policies.

The access gap for novel pharmaceuticals between China and the developed countries is a major public health issue in China. It is crucial to understand the determinants of this gap to ensure timely access to new drugs and enhance patient health. We included all new drugs approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) between 2012 and 2019, and collected their approval timings in China.

Review time of oncology drugs and its underlying factors: an exploration in China.

How the launch delay of drugs and other factors of interest can influence the length of the review period by drug agencies is still unknown, and understanding this can help better strike the trade-off related to review speed. We included all new oncology drug applications submitted to China's National Medical Product Administration (NMPA) between 1 January 2018 and 31 December 2021, and ultimately succeeded in achieving marketing approval. For each drug, the length of the NMPA review process and other major characteristics were collected, including the registration class, approval class, priority review designation, and launch delay relative to the United States, as well as the number of patients enrolled, comparator, and primary endpoint of the pivotal trials supporting the approval.

The reimbursement decision speed for oncology new drugs in China and its determinant factors.

Introduction: China has initiated national price negotiations to improve access to innovative drugs. Learning the factors that contributed to the time gap from marketing authorization to reimbursement leads to more clarity to decision-making, which remains under-researched in China.

Methods: We collected new oncology drug approvals that were marketed before 30 Jun 2022, using the Listed Drug Database of the Chinese drug agency.

Real-Time Cell Temperature Fluctuation Monitoring System Using Precision Pt Sensors Coated with Low Thermal Capacity, Low Thermal Resistance, and Self-Assembled Multilayer Films.

Real-time monitoring of cell temperature fluctuation can help researchers better understand physiological phenomena and the effects of drug treatment on cells, which is a novel and important tool for cellular informatics. The platinum (Pt) temperature sensor is widely used in temperature measurement with the advantages of strong stability, great accuracy, and high sensitivity. However, the commercially available Pt sensors have large thermal resistance and heat capacity which are difficult to be applied for cell temperature measurement because only a very small amount of heat flux is generated by live cells.

Phase Change Energy Storage Material with Photocuring, Photothermal Conversion, and Self-Cleaning Performance via a Two-Layer Structure.

Compared with the thermal curing process, the photocuring process has advantages such as high efficiency and less energy consumption. However, the preparation of photocurable phase change materials (PCMs) with photothermal conversion and self-cleaning properties is challenging due to the conflict between the transparency required by the photocurable resin system and the opacity deduced by the large number of fillers required by photothermal conversion and the negative effect of filler steric hindrance on the reaction rate and crystallinity. In this work, a "thiol-ene" click chemical reaction induced using UV was used to prepare photocurable PCMs, followed by spraying a carboxylated multiwalled carbon nanotube (CCNT) suspension (with ethyl acetate) onto the surface to achieve an effective two-layer composite of the PCM and CCNTs, by which the rough surface of the PCM and the interaction offered by the hydrogen bonds on the interface of the PCM and the CCNTs provide sufficient adhesion for the two phases.

Bioinspired Rotation Microneedles for Accurate Transdermal Positioning and Ultraminimal-Invasive Biomarker Detection with Mechanical Robustness.

Microneedle permits transdermal biosensing and drug delivery with minor pain. However, accurate microneedle transdermal positioning with minimal skin deformation remains a significant technical challenge due to inhomogeneous skin topology and discontinuous force applied to the microneedle. Here, we introduce bioinspired rotation microneedles for in vivo accurate microneedle positioning as inspired by honeybees' stingers.

Wavelength-tunable deep-ultraviolet thin-film filter: design and experimental demonstration.

A deep-ultraviolet (DUV) narrowband tunable filter with a central wavelength of 225.0 nm is designed, fabricated, and demonstrated experimentally. The simulation results showed a transmittance of about 42.

An Improved Algorithm for Measuring Nitrate Concentrations in Seawater Based on Deep-Ultraviolet Spectrophotometry: A Case Study of the Aoshan Bay Seawater and Western Pacific Seawater.

Nowadays, it is still a challenge for commercial nitrate sensors to meet the requirement of high accuracy in a complex water. Based on deep-ultraviolet spectral analysis and a regression algorithm, a different measuring method for obtaining the concentration of nitrate in seawater is proposed in this paper. The system consists of a deuterium lamp, an optical fiber splitter module, a reflection probe, temperature and salinity sensors, and a deep-ultraviolet spectrometer.

Launch Delay of New Drugs in China and Effect on Patients' Health.

Purpose: Although the launch delay of new drugs in China has been a deep concern during the past few years, research on this topic is scarce. The effect of recent regulatory efforts, such as initiating fast review channels to improve access to medical innovations, remains unclear. In this work, we measure the launch delay in China and study whether the fast channels contribute to shorter delays.

Tunicamycin Mediated Inhibition of Wall Teichoic Acid Affects and Cell Morphology, Biofilm Formation and Virulence.

The emergence of bacterial resistance to therapeutic antibiotics limits options for treatment of common microbial diseases. Subinhibitory antibiotics dosing, often aid in the emergence of resistance, but its impact on pathogen's physiology and pathogenesis is not well understood. Here we investigated the effect of tunicamycin, a cell wall teichoic acid (WTA) biosynthesis inhibiting antibiotic at the subinhibitory dosage on and physiology, antibiotic cross-resistance, biofilm-formation, and virulence.

Rapid detection and differentiation of Staphylococcus colonies using an optical scattering technology.

Staphylococcus species are a major pathogen responsible for nosocomial infections and foodborne illnesses. We applied a laser-based BARDOT (bacterial rapid detection using optical scattering technology) for rapid colony screening and detection of Staphylococcus on an agar plate and differentiate these from non-Staphylococcus spp. Among the six growth media tested, phenol red mannitol agar (PRMA) was found most suitable for building the Staphylococcus species scatter image libraries.

Study on fluorescence spectra of chlorothalonil residues and the interaction between chlorothalonil and Chinese herbal medicines.

The fluorescence spectrum was studied for the chlorothalonil (0.2928 mg x mL(-1)) using spectrofluorophotometer. The experiment results showed that the characteristic peaks (352 and 366 nm) are found in the spectrum of chlorothalonil standard solution when the excitation wavelength is 320 nm.

[Study on experiment of absorption spectroscopy detection of pesticide residues of carbendazim in orange juice].

Absorption spectra were studied for the carbendazim, in the mixed solution of orange juice and carbendazim using spectrophotometer. The most intensive characteristic peak (285 nm) was found in the spectrum of carbendazim standard solution. Compared with the carbendazim drug solution, the peak position of absorption spectrum has the blue shift (285-280 nm) when carbendazim (0.