Hydroxychloroquine and chloroquine: a potential and controversial treatment for COVID-19.

A novel coronavirus, later named SARS-CoV-2, was first reported in China in December 2019 and subsequently widely identified in the United States, Japan, South Korea, France, India, and other countries. The disease caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection was called COVID-19. The high fatality and morbidity rates of COVID-19 make it the third largest global epidemic in this century.

Wavefront reconstruction based on deep transfer learning for microscopy.

The application of machine learning in wavefront reconstruction has brought great benefits to real-time, non-invasive, deep tissue imaging in biomedical research. However, due to the diversity and heterogeneity of biological tissues, it is difficult to train the dataset with a unified model. In general, the utilization of some unified models will result in the specific sample falling outside the training set, leading to low accuracy of the machine learning model in some real applications.

Trends of Racial/Ethnic Differences in Emergency Department Care Outcomes Among Adults in the United States From 2005 to 2016.

While the literature documenting health disparities has advanced in recent decades, less is known about the pattern of racial/ethnic disparities in emergency care in the United States. To describe the trends and differences of health outcomes and resource utilization among racial/ethnic groups in US emergency care for adult patients over a 12-year period. This cross-sectional study of emergency department (ED) data from the nationally representative National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Survey (NHAMCS) examined multiple dimensions of ED care and treatment from 2005 to 2016 among adults in the US.

TREM2 ectodomain and its soluble form in Alzheimer's disease.

Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (TREM2) is a receptor mainly expressed on the surface of microglia. It mediates multiple pathophysiological processes in various diseases. Recently, TREM2 has been found to play a role in the development of Alzheimer's disease (AD).

Child Excess Weight Status, Adult Excess Weight Status, and Cardiometabolic Risk Profile.

The potential effects of excess weight status in childhood on later adult cardiometabolic risk factors have been undetermined in a Chinese population. Additionally, the potential mitigation of these effects if adult weight status returns to normalcy has been unresolved. Accordingly, we aimed to assess the association of childhood excess weight status and its long-term change with adult cardiometabolic risk factors.

Functional Characterization of TMEM127 Variants Reveals Novel Insights into Its Membrane Topology and Trafficking.

Context: TMEM127 is a poorly known tumor suppressor gene associated with pheochromocytomas, paragangliomas, and renal carcinomas. Our incomplete understanding of TMEM127 function has limited our ability to predict variant pathogenicity.

Purpose: To better understand the function of the transmembrane protein TMEM127 we undertook cellular and molecular evaluation of patient-derived germline variants.

Role of polyphenols in plant-mediated synthesis of gold nanoparticles: identification of active components and their functional mechanism.

In order to learn the active components and their functional mechanism during the plant-mediated synthesis of gold nanoparticles (GNPs), 16 kinds of plants were randomly selected as research objects, and statistical analysis was used to obtain more universal and systematic results. Polyphenols are proved to have the most prominent effect in both reductive and protective capability among all components. The relationship between polyphenols concentration and the protective and reductive capability was further studied in detail.

Influence of socio-ecological factors on COVID-19 risk: a cross-sectional study based on 178 countries/regions worldwide.

Background: The initial outbreak of COVID-19 caused by SARS-CoV-2 in China in 2019 has been severely tested in other countries worldwide. We aimed to describe the spatial distribution of the COVID-19 pandemic worldwide and assess the effects of various socio-ecological factors on COVID-19 risk.

Methods: We collected COVID-19 pandemic infection data and social-ecological data of 178 countries/regions worldwide from three database.

The impact of intimate partner violence on the trajectory of perinatal depression: a cohort study in a Chinese sample.

Unlabelled: Abstract.

Aims: Intimate partner violence (IPV) is an important risk factor for perinatal depression (PND). But IPV's impact on the natural prognosis of PND symptoms is not well understood.

Improved surface adhesion and wound healing effect of madecassoside liposomes modified by temperature-responsive PEG-PCL-PEG copolymers.

Madecassoside (MA) exhibits excellent therapeutic effects in wound healing and scar management. However, its high hydrophilic nature and low permeability through skin tissue limits its topical application. Liposomes are widely used to deliver drugs due to their high structural similarity and biocompatibility with cell membranes.

Platelet Membrane-Camouflaged Magnetic Nanoparticles for Ferroptosis-Enhanced Cancer Immunotherapy.

Although cancer immunotherapy has emerged as a tremendously promising cancer therapy method, it remains effective only for several cancers. Photoimmunotherapy (e.g.

Modeling of intracavity-pumped Q-switched terahertz parametric oscillators based on stimulated polariton scattering.

In this paper, the rate equations describing the operation of intracavity-pumped Q-switched terahertz parametric oscillators based on stimulated polariton scattering are given for the first time. The rate equations are obtained under the plane-wave approximation, the oscillating fundamental and Stokes waves are supposed to be round uniform beam spots. Considering the fact that the terahertz wave nearly traverses the pump and Stokes beams and using the coupled wave equations, the terahertz wave intensity is expressed as the function of the fundamental and Stokes intensities.

Purcell Enhancement of a Single Silicon Carbide Color Center with Coherent Spin Control.

Silicon carbide has recently been developed as a platform for optically addressable spin defects. In particular, the neutral divacancy in the 4H polytype displays an optically addressable spin-1 ground state and near-infrared optical emission. Here, we present the Purcell enhancement of a single neutral divacancy coupled to a photonic crystal cavity.

Transformation of hard pollen into soft matter.

Pollen's practically-indestructible shell structure has long inspired the biomimetic design of organic materials. However, there is limited understanding of how the mechanical, chemical, and adhesion properties of pollen are biologically controlled and whether strategies can be devised to manipulate pollen beyond natural performance limits. Here, we report a facile approach to transform pollen grains into soft microgel by remodeling pollen shells.

Using the maximum clustering heterogeneous set-proportion to select the maximum window size for the spatial scan statistic.

The spatial scan statistic has been widely used to detect spatial clusters that are of common interest in many health-related problems. However, in most situations, different scan parameters, especially the maximum window size (MWS), result in obtaining different detected clusters. Although performance measures can select an optimal scan parameter, most of them depend on historical prior or true cluster information, which is usually unavailable in practical datasets.

Clinical case report: A case of Turner syndrome with Graves' disease.

Introduction: The incidence of Hashimoto's thyroiditis among patients who have Turner syndrome (TS) has increased, but Graves' disease (GD) in patients with TS is rarely reported. Here we report a rare case of TS with GD accompanied by hypogonadotropic hypogonadism.

Patient Concerns: We report the case of a 16-year-old girl who complained nervousness, fatigue, marasmus, heat intolerance, sweating, palpitation, and tremor lasting for more than a month.

A Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies on the Association of Chronic Urticaria With Symptoms of Depression and Anxiety.

Chronic urticaria (CU) is a frequently occurring skin condition associated with many psychological factors, but the effect size of associations varied in literature. To perform a systematic review and meta-analysis on the associations of CU with the symptoms of depression and anxiety. According to a pre-specified protocol, we systematically searched articles published in PubMed, Web of Science, CNKI, and CQVIP databases between January 2000 and January 2019.

Alarming Trends in Severe Obesity in Chinese Children from 1991 to 2015.

Little information is available on the trends in severe pediatric obesity in China. Therefore, we aimed to examine the trends in overweight, obesity, and severe obesity in Chinese children from 1991 to 2015. Overall, 17,004 children aged 6-17 years were included in this study, which was based on the China Health and Nutrition Survey 1991-2015.

Side Effects, Self-Management Activities, and Adherence to Oral Anticancer Agents.

Purpose: There are growing concerns about patients' adherence to oral anticancer agents (OAAs), and the need for patients to engage in self-management of OAA-related side effects. We assessed associations among adherence, severity of side effects, and effectiveness of self-management of side effects in patients taking capecitabine.

Methods: Adherence to capecitabine at 6 weeks was measured by the Medication Event Monitoring System among 50 patients with gastrointestinal cancers.

Tunable Stokes laser based on the cascaded stimulated polariton scattering and stimulated Raman scattering in RbTiOPO crystal.

Stimulated polariton scattering (SPS) and stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) in ${{\rm RbTiOPO}_4}$RbTiOPO (RTP) crystal are combined in an intracavity-pumped Stokes parametric oscillator (SPO) to extend the tunable Stokes laser spectral range. The pumping laser wavelength is 1064 nm from a diode-end-pumped acousto-optically Q-switched Nd:YAG laser. By the SPS process in the SPO, the SPS-Stokes wave can be discontinuously tuned in the range of 1075.

Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Emergency Department Care and Health Outcomes Among Children in the United States.

There is an incomplete understanding of disparities in emergency care for children across racial and ethnic groups in the United States. In this project, we sought to investigate patterns in emergency care utilization, disposition, and resource use in children by race and ethnicity after adjusting for demographic, socioeconomic, and clinical factors. In this cross-sectional study of emergency department (ED) data from the nationally representative National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Survey (NHAMCS), we examined multiple dimensions of ED care and treatment from 2005 to 2016 among children in the United States.

Use of natural language processing to improve predictive models for imaging utilization in children presenting to the emergency department.

Objective: To examine the association between the medical imaging utilization and information related to patients' socioeconomic, demographic and clinical factors during the patients' ED visits; and to develop predictive models using these associated factors including natural language elements to predict the medical imaging utilization at pediatric ED.

Methods: Pediatric patients' data from the 2012-2016 United States National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey was included to build the models to predict the use of imaging in children presenting to the ED. Multivariable logistic regression models were built with structured variables such as temperature, heart rate, age, and unstructured variables such as reason for visit, free text nursing notes and combined data available at triage.

Sc(OTf)-Catalyzed Chemodivergent Annulations of γ-Butyrolactone-Fused Cyclopropanes with Anthranils.

The Lewis acid-catalyzed annulations between anthranils and γ-butyrolactone-fused donor-acceptor cyclopropanes have been developed. Depending on the anthranils used, such annulations proceeded in a chemodivergent way to produce either bridged cyclic products via [4 + 3] annulation or γ-butyrolactone-fused tetrahydroquinoline products via a cascade process in moderate to high yields. A probable mechanism for the two reaction pathways has been proposed.