Dose-response effect of prenatal alcohol exposure on perinatal outcomes.

Background: A better understanding of the effects of lower levels of prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE), as a common exposure, is needed. The goal of this study was to examine the effects of mild-moderate PAE and episodic binge drinking on perinatal outcomes.

Methods: The data were obtained from three prospective cohorts with a combined sample of 281 participants: 125 with PAE and 156 without PAE.

Independent and Combined Effects of Prenatal Alcohol Exposure and Prenatal Stress on Fetal HPA Axis Development.

Prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE) and prenatal stress (PS) are highly prevalent conditions known to affect fetal programming of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. The objectives of this study were to assess the effect of light PAE, PS, and PAE-PS interaction on fetal HPA axis activity assessed via placental and umbilical cord blood biomarkers. Participants of the ENRICH-2 cohort were recruited during the second trimester and classified into the PAE and unexposed control groups.

Potentially modifiable risk and protective factors affecting mental and emotional wellness in pregnancy.

Introduction: Impaired mental and emotional wellness often co-occurs with prenatal substance use, and both affect infant socio-emotional, cognitive, language, motor, and adaptive behavioral outcomes. Guided by the modified biopsychosocial framework, this study examined the role of common substance exposures during pregnancy (i.e.

Predictive validity of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics/American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition indicators to diagnose malnutrition tool in hospitalized adults: a cohort study.

Background: The lack of a widely accepted, broadly validated tool for diagnosing malnutrition in hospitalized patients limits the ability to assess the integral role of nutrition as an input and outcome of health, disease, and treatment.

Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the predictive validity of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics/American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition (ASPEN) indicators to diagnose malnutrition (AAIM) tool and determine if it can be simplified.

Methods: A prospective cohort study was conducted from August 2019 to September 2022 with 32 hospitals in United States.

Completion of a Nutrition-Focused Physical Exam with hospitalized adults and pediatric patients: Secondary analysis of a prospective cohort study.

Background: Nutrition-Focused Physical Exam (NFPE) feasibility is not well-studied. We describe registered dietitian nutritionist (RDN)-reported NFPE completion for hospitalized adult and pediatric patients overall and by assessment parameters.

Methods: Trained RDNs systematically conducted NFPEs for hospitalized adult and pediatric patients during the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics and American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition Indicators to diagnose Malnutrition multisite cohort study (ClinicalTrials.

The effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on substance use patterns and physiological dysregulation in pregnant and postpartum women.

Background: The SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 pandemic has been associated with increased stress levels and higher alcohol use, including in pregnant and postpartum women. In the general population, alcohol use is associated with dysregulation in the autonomic nervous system (ANS), which is indexed by heart rate variability (HRV). The objectives of this study were to: (1) characterize changes in substance use during the SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 pandemic via a baseline self-report survey followed by mobile ecological momentary assessment (mEMA) of substance use; and (2) examine the associations between momentary substance use and ambulatory HRV measures in pregnant and postpartum women.

Impulsivity and Alcohol Use during Pregnancy and Postpartum: Insights from Novel Methodological Approaches within the Context of the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Impaired emotion regulation and impulsivity have been linked to substance use. This study evaluated the association between emotion regulation difficulties-specifically impulsivity-and substance use within the context of the COVID-19 pandemic among pregnant ( = 49) and postpartum ( = 20) women. Participants from a prospective cohort ENRICH-2 completed a baseline phone survey of COVID-19-related experiences and impulsivity followed by a 14-day (3x/day) mobile ecological momentary assessment (mEMA) of impulsivity and substance use.

Effects of medications for opioid use disorder (MOUD) on fetal brain and cranial measurements.

Background: The use and misuse of opioids, as well as opioid use disorder (OUD) have increased remarkably among reproductive-aged and pregnant women. As many as 25% of pregnant women who report non-medical opioid use in the past month also report concurrent alcohol use. While teratogenic effects of alcohol are well established, there are limited studies evaluating fetal intracranial effects associated with medications for OUD (MOUD) and concurrent use of MOUD and alcohol during pregnancy.

Assessing Impact of Nutrition Care by Registered Dietitian Nutritionists on Patient Medical and Treatment Outcomes in Outpatient Cancer Clinics: A Cohort Feasibility Study.

More information is needed about the impact of outpatient nutrition care from a registered dietitian nutritionist (RDN) on patient outcomes. This study aimed to assess the feasibility of a cohort study design to evaluate impact of RDN nutrition care on patient outcomes, describe clinic malnutrition screening practices, and estimate statistical parameters for a larger study. Seventy-seven patients with lung, esophageal, colon, rectal, or pancreatic cancer from six facilities were included (41 received RDN care and 36 did not).

Prenatal opioid-exposed infant extracellular miRNA signature obtained at birth predicts severity of neonatal opioid withdrawal syndrome.

Prenatal opioid exposure (POE) is commonly associated with neonatal opioid withdrawal syndrome (NOWS), which is characterized by a broad variability in symptoms and severity. Currently there are no diagnostic tools to reliably predict which infants will develop severe NOWS, while risk stratification would allow for proactive decisions about appropriate clinical monitoring and interventions. The aim of this prospective cohort study was to assess if extracellular microRNAs (miRNAs) in umbilical cord plasma of infants with POE could predict NOWS severity.

CONSIDER New Mexico: Effects of naloxone training among pharmacists and pharmacy technicians.

Background: Pharmacists serve a critical role in providing health care, especially in medically underserved areas. Despite the opioid crisis and legislation in most states allowing pharmacists to dispense naloxone without a prescription from another provider, pharmacists face multiple barriers to dispensing naloxone.

Objective: This study tested the effectiveness of CONSIDER New Mexico, an innovative educational initiative designed to increase naloxone dispensing by pharmacies.