Advances in Nano-Functional Materials in Targeted Thrombolytic Drug Delivery.

Thrombotic disease has been listed as the third most fatal vascular disease in the world. After decades of development, clinical thrombolytic drugs still cannot avoid the occurrence of adverse reactions such as bleeding. A number of studies have shown that the application of various nano-functional materials in thrombus-targeted drug delivery, combined with external stimuli, such as magnetic, near-infrared light, ultrasound, etc.

[Characteristics of Partial Denitrification in Biofilm System].

As an intermediate form of microbial denitrification, nitrite serves as a key substrate for anaerobic ammonium oxidation (ANAMMOX). This study investigated the partial dentification (PD) characteristics and the coupling feasibility of PD+ANAMMOX in the biofilm system, using a moving bed biofilm reactor which was operated for 120 days. After 40 days of operation with a C/N ratio of 3.

[Seasonal Effects of Influent Ammonia Oxidizing Bacteria of Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plants on Activated Sludge System].

The specific ammonia uptake rates (SAUR) and ammonia oxidizing bacteria (AOB) community of influent sewage and activated sludge in the 2 wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) of Xi'an without the primary settling tank were analyzed over multiple years to explore the seasonal effects of the influent AOB on the activated sludge systems. During the experiment, the SAUR of the raw sewage and activated sludge were 0.48-3.

[Adaptability of Nitrifying Biofilm Systems to Low Temperature: MBBR and IFAS].

The long-term effects of a decreasing temperature on the nitrification performance, biofilm characteristics, and nitrifier community in a moving-bed biofilm reactor (MBBR) and integrated fixed-film activated sludge (IFAS) system were investigated at various temperatures (20, 15, and 10℃) to explore the adaptability of nitrifying biofilm systems to low temperatures. During the experiment, the extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) in the biofilms increased with decreasing temperature, which resulted in an increased biofilm mass and thickness. As there was only a biofilm phase in the MBBR to remove ammonia, the part of the carriers in the MBBR at 10℃ became plugged, which partially led to a deterioration in the effluent water quality.

The differential proliferation of AOB and NOB during natural nitrifier cultivation and acclimation with raw sewage as seed sludge.

Nitrifier immigration from sewers to wastewater treatment systems is attracting increasing attention for understanding nitrifier community assembly mechanisms, and improving process modeling and operation. In this study, nitrifiers in raw sewage were cultivated and acclimated in a sequencing batch reactor (SBR) for 90 days to investigate the characteristics of the influent nitrifiers after immigration. During the experiment, specific nitrite utilization rate (SNUR) exceeded specific ammonia utilization rate (SAUR) when floc size reached 224 ± 46 μm, and nitrogen loss occurred at the same time.

A survey of the perceived risk for stroke among community residents in western urban China.

Background And Purpose: Persons who perceive their risk for stroke can promote the intervention of stroke risk factors and reduce the risk of stroke occurrence. Our purpose was to assess the knowledge of stroke risk factors and the level of perceived risk for stroke.

Methods: In 2011, a population-based face-to-face interview survey was conducted in Yuzhong district, Chongqing.