Advancements in defect engineering of two-dimensional nanomaterial-based membranes for enhanced gas separation.

The advent of two-dimensional nanomaterials, a revolutionary class of materials, is marked by their atomic-scale thickness, superior aspect ratios, robust mechanical attributes, and exceptional chemical stability. These materials, producible on a large scale, are emerging as the forefront candidates in the domain of membrane-based gas separation. The concept of defect engineering in 2D nanomaterials has introduced a novel approach in their application for membrane separation, offering an effective technique to augment the performance of these membranes.

A non-inferiority study to compare the effect of silica gel fiber dressing with alginate dressing on healing of venous leg ulcers.

Background: Silica gel fiber (SGF) dressing is a novel patch for wound healing.

Objective: To compare the efficacy and safety of SGF dressing with alginate dressing in local treatment of venous leg ulcers.

Methods: Patients with venous leg ulcers who had undergone effective treatment of venous hypertension and debridement were randomized to receive wound care with either SGF dressing or alginate dressing for 4 weeks.

Structural variation at the CYP2C locus: Characterization of deletion and duplication alleles.

The human CYP2C locus harbors the polymorphic CYP2C18, CYP2C19, CYP2C9, and CYP2C8 genes, and of these, CYP2C19 and CYP2C9 are directly involved in the metabolism of ~15% of all medications. All variant CYP2C19 and CYP2C9 star (*) allele haplotypes currently cataloged by the Pharmacogene Variation (PharmVar) Consortium are defined by sequence variants. To determine if structural variation also occurs at the CYP2C locus, the 10q23.

Regulatory functions and chromatin loading dynamics of linker histone H1 during endoreplication in .

Eukaryotic DNA replicates asynchronously, with discrete genomic loci replicating during different stages of S phase. larval tissues undergo endoreplication without cell division, and the latest replicating regions occasionally fail to complete endoreplication, resulting in underreplicated domains of polytene chromosomes. Here we show that linker histone H1 is required for the underreplication (UR) phenomenon in salivary glands.

BEN domain protein Elba2 can functionally substitute for linker histone H1 in Drosophila in vivo.

Metazoan linker histones are essential for development and play crucial roles in organization of chromatin, modification of epigenetic states and regulation of genetic activity. Vertebrates express multiple linker histone H1 isoforms, which may function redundantly. In contrast, H1 isoforms are not present in Dipterans, including D.

A genetic screen and transcript profiling reveal a shared regulatory program for Drosophila linker histone H1 and chromatin remodeler CHD1.

Chromatin structure and activity can be modified through ATP-dependent repositioning of nucleosomes and posttranslational modifications of core histone tails within nucleosome core particles and by deposition of linker histones into the oligonucleosome fiber. The linker histone H1 is essential in metazoans. It has a profound effect on organization of chromatin into higher-order structures and on recruitment of histone-modifying enzymes to chromatin.

Drosophila H1 regulates the genetic activity of heterochromatin by recruitment of Su(var)3-9.

Eukaryotic genomes harbor transposable elements and other repetitive sequences that must be silenced. Small RNA interference pathways play a major role in their repression. Here, we reveal another mechanism for silencing these sequences in Drosophila.

Identification and characterization of ToRC, a novel ISWI-containing ATP-dependent chromatin assembly complex.

SNF2-like motor proteins, such as ISWI, cooperate with histone chaperones in the assembly and remodeling of chromatin. Here we describe a novel, evolutionarily conserved, ISWI-containing complex termed ToRC (Toutatis-containing chromatin remodeling complex). ToRC comprises ISWI, Toutatis/TIP5 (TTF-I-interacting protein 5), and the transcriptional corepressor CtBP (C-terminal-binding protein).

Linker histone H1 is essential for Drosophila development, the establishment of pericentric heterochromatin, and a normal polytene chromosome structure.

We generated mutant alleles of Drosophila melanogaster in which expression of the linker histone H1 can be down-regulated over a wide range by RNAi. When the H1 protein level is reduced to approximately 20% of the level in wild-type larvae, lethality occurs in the late larval - pupal stages of development. Here we show that H1 has an important function in gene regulation within or near heterochromatin.

The C-terminal tail of the Hedgehog receptor Patched regulates both localization and turnover.

Patched (Ptc) is a membrane protein whose function in Hedgehog (Hh) signal transduction has been conserved among metazoans and whose malfunction has been implicated in human cancers. Genetic analysis has shown that Ptc negatively regulates Hh signal transduction, but its activity and structure are not known. We investigated the functional and structural properties of Drosophila Ptc and its C-terminal domain (CTD), 183 residues that are predicted to reside in the cytoplasm.