Ambient-pressure alkoxycarbonylation for sustainable synthesis of ester.

Alkoxycarbonylation reactions are common in the chemical industry, yet process sustainability is limited by the inefficient utilization of CO. In this study, we address this issue and demonstrate that significant improvements can be achieved by adopting a heterogeneously catalyzed process, using a Ru/NbO catalyst. The Ru/NbO catalyst enables the direct synthesis of methyl propionate, a key industrial commodity, with over 98% selectivity from CO, ethylene and methanol, without any ligands or acid/base promoters.

Role of blood lipids in mediating the effect of dietary factors on gastroesophageal reflux disease: a two-step mendelian randomization study.

Background: Growing studies have indicated an association between dietary factors and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). However, whether these associations refer to a causal relationship and the potential mechanism by which dietary factors affect GERD is still unclear.

Methods: A two-step mendelian randomization analysis was performed to obtain causal estimates of dietary factors, blood lipids on GERD.

RuCo/ZrO Tandem Catalysts with Photothermal Confinement Effect for Enhanced CO Methanation.

Photothermal CO methanation reaction represents a promising strategy for addressing CO-related environmental issues. The presence of efficient tandem catalytic sites with a localized high-temperature is an effective pathway to enhance the performance of CO methanation. Here the bimetallic RuCo nanoparticles anchored on ZrO fiber cotton (RuCo/ZrO) as a photothermal catalyst for CO methanation are prepared.

Corrigendum: Biomarkers and computational models for predicting efficacy to tumor ICI immunotherapy.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.

Stabilized ε-FeC catalyst with Mn tuning to suppress C1 byproduct selectivity for high-temperature olefin synthesis.

Accurately controlling the product selectivity in syngas conversion, especially increasing the olefin selectivity while minimizing C1 byproducts, remains a significant challenge. Epsilon FeC is deemed a promising candidate catalyst due to its inherently low CO selectivity, but its use is hindered by its poor high-temperature stability. Herein, we report the successful synthesis of highly stable ε-FeC through a N-induced strategy utilizing pyrolysis of Prussian blue analogs (PBAs).

Association between monocyte-to-high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol ratio and gallstones in U.S. adults: findings from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2017-2020.

Background: Studies have indicated that monocyte-to-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (MHR) can be a reliable indicator of various diseases. However, the association between MHR and gallstone prevalence remains unclear. Therefore, this study aimed to explore any potential association between MHR and gallstone prevalence.

CBLC promotes the development of colorectal cancer by promoting ABI1 degradation to activate the ERK signaling pathway.

CBLC (CBL proto-oncogene C) is an E3 ubiquitin protein ligase that plays a key role in cancers. However, the function and mechanism of CBLC in colorectal cancer (CRC) has not been fully elucidated. The aim of this study was to investigate the function of CBLC in CRC and its underlying molecular mechanism.

Biomarkers and computational models for predicting efficacy to tumor ICI immunotherapy.

Numerous studies have shown that immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) immunotherapy has great potential as a cancer treatment, leading to significant clinical improvements in numerous cases. However, it benefits a minority of patients, underscoring the importance of discovering reliable biomarkers that can be used to screen for potential beneficiaries and ultimately reduce the risk of overtreatment. Our comprehensive review focuses on the latest advancements in predictive biomarkers for ICI therapy, particularly emphasizing those that enhance the efficacy of programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1)/programmed cell death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) inhibitors and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4) inhibitors immunotherapies.

Causal relationships between coffee intake, apolipoprotein B and gastric, colorectal, and esophageal cancers: univariable and multivariable Mendelian randomization.

Purpose: Coffee intake and apolipoprotein B levels have been linked to gastric, colorectal, and esophageal cancers in numerous recent studies. However, whether these associations are all causal remains unestablished. This study aimed to assess the potential causal associations of apolipoprotein B and coffee intake with the risk of gastric, colorectal, and esophageal cancers using Mendelian randomization analysis.

Confinement of 1D Chain and 2D Layered CuI Modules in K-INA-R Frameworks via Coordination Assembly: Structure Regulation and Semiconductivity Tuning.

Herein, we present a new series of CuI-based hybrid materials with tunable structures and semiconducting properties. The CuI inorganic modules can be tailored into a one-dimensional (1D) chain and two-dimensional (2D) layer and confined/stabilized in coordination frameworks of potassium isonicotinic acid (HINA) and its derivatives (HINA-R, R = OH, NO, and COOH). The resulting CuI-based hybrid materials exhibit interesting semiconducting behaviors associated with the dimensionality of the inorganic module; for instance, the structures containing the 2D-CuI module demonstrate significantly enhanced photoconductivity with a maximum increase of five orders of magnitude compared to that of the structures containing the 1D-CuI module.

Atomically Dispersed Pd-NC Sites on a Nitrogen-Doped Carbon Nanosphere for Semi-hydrogenation of Acetylene.

Rationally designing efficient catalysts for semi-hydrogenation of acetylene is significant but challenging. Herein, Pd isolated single-atom sites (ISAS) on a covalent-organic-framework (COF)-derived nanosphere (Pd-ISAS/CN) are synthesized by a COF-absorption-pyrolysis strategy. This synthetic strategy is also applicable for Pt and Ru ISAS catalysts, demonstrating that it is a general method to synthesize noble-metal ISAS on COF-derived carbon materials.

Development of a Library of Disulfide Bond-Containing Cationic Lipids for mRNA Delivery.

Lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) are the commonly used delivery tools for messenger RNA (mRNA) therapy and play an indispensable role in the success of COVID-19 mRNA vaccines. Ionizable cationic lipids are the most important component in LNPs. Herein, we developed a series of new ionizable lipids featuring bioreducible disulfide bonds, and constructed a library of lipids derived from dimercaprol.

SMURF: embedding single-cell RNA-seq data with matrix factorization preserving self-consistency.

The advance in single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) sheds light on cell-specific transcriptomic studies of cell developments, complex diseases and cancers. Nevertheless, scRNA-seq techniques suffer from 'dropout' events, and imputation tools are proposed to address the sparsity. Here, rather than imputation, we propose a tool, SMURF, to extract the low-dimensional embeddings from cells and genes utilizing matrix factorization with a mixture of Poisson-Gamma divergent as objective while preserving self-consistency.

Deconvolution of metal apportionment in bulk metal-organic frameworks.

We report a general route to decipher the apportionment of metal ions in bulk metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) by solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. We demonstrate this route in MgNi-MOF-74, where we uncover all eight possible atomic-scale Mg/Ni arrangements through identification and quantification of the distinct chemical environments of C-labeled carboxylates as a function of the Ni content. Here, we use magnetic susceptibility, bond pathway, and density functional theory calculations to identify local metal bonding configurations.

Evaluating the role of IDO1 macrophages in immunotherapy using scRNA-seq and bulk-seq in colorectal cancer.

Background: Macrophage infiltration is crucial for colorectal cancer (CRC) immunotherapy. Detailed classification of macrophage subsets will facilitate the selection of patients suitable for immunotherapy. However, the classification of macrophages in CRC is not currently detailed.

A charge-decorated porous framework with polar pores and open O donor sites for CO/CH and CH/CH separations.

Developing efficient adsorbent materials towards energy gas purification, CO removal from natural gas or hydrocarbon separation, is an important but extremely challenging task. Herein, taking advantage of a cationic bipyridinium ligand in competition with a multicarboxylate ligand for binding with metal ions, a porous material with open carboxylate oxygen atoms exposed on the pore surface has been demonstrated as an efficient adsorbent for gas separation. The polar environment arising from the cationic pyridinium moiety and the negative carboxylate group endows the title compound with selective affinity to CO over CH.

CO-tolerant RuNi/TiO catalyst for the storage and purification of crude hydrogen.

Hydrogen storage by means of catalytic hydrogenation of suitable organic substrates helps to elevate the volumetric density of hydrogen energy. In this regard, utilizing cheaper industrial crude hydrogen to fulfill the goal of hydrogen storage would show economic attraction. However, because CO impurities in crude hydrogen can easily deactivate metal active sites even in trace amounts such a process has not yet been realized.

Cerebral corridor creator for resection of trigone ventricular tumors: Two case reports.

Background: Resection of deep intracranial tumors requires significant brain retraction, which frequently causes brain damage. In particular, tumor in the trigone of the lateral ventricular presents a surgical challenge due to its inaccessible location and intricate adjacent relationships with essential structures such as the optic radiation (OR) fibers. New brain retraction systems have been developed to minimize retraction-associated injury.

Achieving a blue-excitable yellow-emitting Ca-LMOF phosphor water induced phase transformation.

Luminescent metal-organic frameworks (LMOFs) with diverse structural features and promising fluorescence-based applications have attracted wide attention in the past two decades. In this work, a LMOF with the formula [Ca(tcbpe-F)(HO)] (1, LMOF-411) has been constructed from calcium (Ca) and 1,1,2,2-tetrakis(4-(4-carboxyphenyl)phenyl)ethene (Htcbpe-F). Compound 1 features a three-dimensional framework with a 10-nodal net topology.

Catalytic Transformation of PET and CO into High-Value Chemicals.

Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and CO , two chemical wastes that urgently need to be transformed in the environment, are converted simultaneously in a one-pot catalytic process through the synergistic coupling of three reactions: CO hydrogenation, PET methanolysis and dimethyl terephthalate (DMT) hydrogenation. More interestingly, the chemical equilibria of both reactions were shifted forward due to a revealed dual-promotion effect, leading to significantly enhanced PET depolymerization. The overall methanol yield from CO hydrogenation exceeded the original thermodynamic equilibrium limit since the methanol was in situ consumed in the PET methanolysis.

Defective Ultrathin ZnIn S for Photoreductive Deuteration of Carbonyls Using D O as the Deuterium Source.

Deuterium (D) labeling is of great value in organic synthesis, pharmaceutical industry, and materials science. However, the state-of-the-art deuteration methods generally require noble metal catalysts, expensive deuterium sources, or harsh reaction conditions. Herein, noble metal-free and ultrathin ZnIn S (ZIS) is reported as an effective photocatalyst for visible light-driven reductive deuteration of carbonyls to produce deuterated alcohols using heavy water (D O) as the sole deuterium source.