Publications by authors named "Xinguo Hou"

Previous studies suggested that fecal short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and branched short-chain fatty acids (BCFAs) are associated with glucose regulation. However, the potential relationship between circulating SCFAs and BCFAs with incident diabetes risk in both men and women remains unidentified in prospective cohort studies. In this study, we examined a panel of nine serum SCFAs and BCFAs in 3414 subjects with incident diabetes, and matched normoglycemic controls from the China Cardiometabolic Disease and Cancer Cohort study.

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Aims: To determine the impact of body roundness index (BRI) on the 10-year risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and all-cause mortality in Chinese adults.

Materials And Methods: We utilized data from a nationwide prospective cohort of 165 785 Chinese adults (aged ≥40 years, free of CVD and cancer at baseline), which was extracted from the China Cardiometabolic Disease and Cancer Cohort (4C). Cox regression and restricted cubic splines quantified BRI-outcome associations and identified optimal BRI cutoffs.

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Understanding sex disparities in modifiable risk factors across the lifespan is essential for crafting individualized intervention strategies. We aim to investigate age-related sex disparity in cardiometabolic phenotypes in a large nationwide Chinese cohort. A total of 254,670 adults aged 40 years or older were selected from a population-based cohort in China.

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Background: Muscle atrophy is associated with Type 2 diabetes mellitus, which reduces the quality of life and lacks effective treatment strategies. Previously, it was determined that human umbilical cord mesenchymal stromal cell (hucMSC)-derived exosomes (EXOs) ameliorate diabetes-induced muscle atrophy. However, the systemic application of EXOs is less selective for diseased tissues, which reduces their efficacy and safety associated with their nonspecific biological distribution in vivo.

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Background: Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) is a common complication of diabetes, and its early identification is crucial for improving patient outcomes. Corneal confocal microscopy (CCM) can non-invasively detect changes in corneal nerve fibers (CNFs), making it a potential tool for the early diagnosis of DPN. However, the existing CNF analysis methods have certain limitations, highlighting the need to develop a reliable automated analysis tool.

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Background: Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatosis liver disease (MASLD) is one of the most common metabolic liver diseases around the world, whose prevalence continues to increase. Currently, there are few medications to treat MASLD. Ergothioneine is a natural compound derived from mushrooms whose sulfhydryl groups confer unique antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and detoxifying effects.

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Diabetic wounds have become a global healthcare burden owing to impaired angiogenesis and persistent infections. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) can improve diabetic wounds, though their targeting ability is limited. In this study, we investigated the performance of a novel hydrogel dressing comprised of gelatin methacryloyl, glycoengineered EVs, and polylysine in treating infected diabetic wounds.

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Given the high heterogeneity of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), it is imperative to develop personalized stem cell infusion regimen for targeted metabolic phenotype in order to ensure optimal therapeutic efficacy. In this study, we conducted a comparative analysis of 4 infusion regimens involving single and repeated infusions of human umbilical cord Wharton's jelly-derived MSCs (hucMSCs), single infusions of umbilical cord blood mononuclear cells (UCB), and sequential infusions of hucMSCs and UCB in T2DM rats. Results showed all 4 infusion regimens exhibited comparable efficacy in lowering fasting blood glucose levels and suppressing glucagon secretion.

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Article Synopsis
  • The study investigates the immune and metabolic profiles of Myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) using single-cell RNA sequencing of blood cells from patients and healthy controls, revealing significant cellular composition changes.
  • It shows an increase in T cells but a notable decrease in other immune cells like NKs and monocytes, suggesting complex alterations in immune function among ME/CFS patients.
  • The research identifies potential biomarkers and pathways, such as ESRRA-APP-CD74, linking immune dysfunction to neurological symptoms, hinting at the disease's autoimmune and immunodeficiency aspects.
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  • The study investigates the therapeutic potential of mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes (MSC-EXOs) in treating type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) by enhancing β cell function and mass.
  • Researchers modified these exosomes to improve targeting and circulation time using a β-cell-targeting aptamer and polyethylene glycol (PEG).
  • Results showed that MSC-EXOs reduced blood glucose levels and improved insulin secretion by inhibiting ferroptosis through the NRF2 pathway, with the modified exosomes being more effective in protecting β cells.
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  • Scientists studied how things like education, lifestyle, and health can affect death rates in older adults in China.
  • They found that 17 factors were linked to a lot of the deaths, showing that low education and high blood pressure were some of the biggest reasons people died from different causes.
  • The study suggested that understanding these risks can help create better health programs to keep people healthier and reduce deaths in China.
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  • Emerging studies suggest a link between medium-chain fatty acids (MCFAs) in the diet and glucose regulation, but the specific role of serum MCFAs in diabetes risk, especially concerning genetic factors, needs further exploration.
  • A nested case-control study analyzed baseline serum MCFAs from 1,707 individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and matched healthy controls, examining both MCFAs' overall effects and their interactions with genetic risk scores based on T2DM-linked genetic variants.
  • Results indicated that higher levels of octanoic and nonanoic acids were associated with lower diabetes risk, particularly in physically inactive individuals and those with high genetic risk, suggesting a complex interplay between these fatty acids and genetic predisposition in diabetes
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Background: The use of stem cell-derived exosomes (Exos) as therapeutic vehicles is receiving increasing attention. Exosome administration has several advantages over cell transplantation, thus making exosomes promising candidates for large-scale clinical implementation and commercialization. However, exosome extraction and purification efficiencies are relatively low, and therapeutic heterogeneity is high due to differences in culture conditions and cell viability.

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Article Synopsis
  • - The study investigates the association between the triglyceride glucose (TyG) index and breast cancer risk in Chinese women, using data from a large sample of 142,184 participants aged 40 or older.
  • - Results indicate that women in the highest quartile of the TyG index have a 61% increased risk of prevalent breast cancer compared to those in the lowest quartile, with certain demographics showing even stronger associations.
  • - The findings suggest that the TyG index may be a useful marker for assessing breast cancer risk, especially among women without insulin resistance or metabolic issues.
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The triglyceride glucose-body mass index (TyG-BMI) is a convenient and clinically significant indicator of insulin resistance. This study aims to investigate the correlation between TyG-BMI and the onset of new-onset diabetes and determine an optimal reflection point for TyG-BMI. An analysis was conducted on 1917 participants from the risk evaluation of cancers in Chinese diabetic individuals: a lONgitudinal (REACTION) study.

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Dysregulation of α cells results in hyperglycemia and hyperglucagonemia in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC)-based therapy increases oxygen consumption of islets and enhances insulin secretion. However, the underlying mechanism for the protective role of MSCs in α-cell mitochondrial dysfunction remains unclear.

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Oxidative stress plays a crucial role in increasing the risk of developing diabetic retinopathy (DR). The oxidative balance score (OBS) and the composite dietary antioxidant index (CDAI) are two tools for assessing the effects of diet and lifestyle on oxidative stress. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between OBS, CDAI and the occurrence of DR.

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Purpose: This study aimed to describe the clinical features, diagnostic and therapeutic course of a patient with MODY13 caused by KCNJ11 (c.101G > A, p.R34H) and how it contributes to the pathogenesis of MODY13, and to explore new therapeutic targets.

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  • Long-chain free fatty acids (FFAs) have a potential link to diabetes risk, particularly in populations that have normal blood sugar levels, which requires further exploration.
  • The study used a comprehensive approach to measure 53 types of FFAs in a cohort of 1,707 individuals who developed diabetes and 1,707 matched controls, employing various statistical models to assess risk associations.
  • Findings indicated that odd-chain and specific even-chain FFAs were inversely associated with diabetes risk, with odds ratios suggesting that higher levels of certain saturated, monounsaturated, and polyunsaturated fatty acids could lower the risk of developing diabetes.
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Background: The cognitive impairment in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a multifaceted and advancing state that requires further exploration to fully comprehend. Neuroinflammation is considered to be one of the main mechanisms and the immune system has played a vital role in the progression of the disease.

Aim: To identify and validate the immune-related genes in the hippocampus associated with T2DM-related cognitive impairment.

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Aims: To assess the excess risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) associated with different criteria for metabolic health, and the interplay of body size, insulin sensitivity and metabolic health with CVD risk.

Materials And Methods: We conducted a prospective study involving 115 638 participants from the China Cardiometabolic Disease and Cancer Cohort (4C) Study. Metabolic health was defined using three different definitions: (1) insulin sensitivity defined by homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance index; (2) absence of metabolic syndrome according to the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III criteria; and (3) simultaneous absence of metabolic abnormalities (diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidaemia).

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Exudate management is of significant clinical value for the treatment of acute wound. Various wound dressings have been developed to restore the function of injured tissues and promote wound healing, but proper exploiting the healing factors inside exudate and achieving anti-adhesion wound care remains a challenge. Herein, we present a novel multi-functional composite dressing (MCD) by coupling supernatant lyophilized powder of mesenchymal stem cells (MSC-SLP) with a sandwich-structured wound dressing (SWD).

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Limb ischemia is a refractory disease characterized by persistent inflammation, insufficient angiogenesis, and tissue necrosis. Although mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have shown potential for treating limb ischemia, their therapeutic effects are limited by low engraftment rates. Therefore, developing an optimal MSC delivery system that enhances cell viability is imperative.

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Purpose: 11β-Hydroxylase deficiency (11β-OHD) is the second leading cause of congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH), a rare autosomal recessive disease caused by mutations in the CYP11B1 gene. We previously reported the case of a male Chinese patient with typical 11β-OHD symptoms. Sanger sequencing revealed that the patient carried a splice-site mutation, c.

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Purpose: Prolonged exposure to plasma free fatty acids (FFAs) leads to impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) which can progress to type 2 diabetes (T2D) in the absence of timely and effective interventions. High-fat diet (HFD) leads to chronic inflammation and oxidative stress, impairing pancreatic beta cell (PBC) function. While Didymin, a flavonoid glycoside derived from citrus fruits, has beneficial effects on inflammation dysfunction, its specific role in HFD-induced IGT remains yet to be elucidated.

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