Nucleus accumbens shell electrical lesion attenuates seizures and gliosis in chronic temporal lobe epilepsy rats.

Objective: Temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) is the most prevalent form of epilepsy. Prior research has indicated the involvement of the nucleus accumbens shell (NAcSh) in the process of epileptogenesis, thereby implying its potential as a therapeutic target for TLE. In the present study, we investigated the antiepileptic effect of the NAcSh electrical lesion.

Charting brain GABA and glutamate levels across psychiatric disorders by quantitative analysis of 121 H-MRS studies.

Background: Psychiatric diagnosis is based on categorical diagnostic classification, yet similarities in genetics and clinical features across disorders suggest that these classifications share commonalities in neurobiology, particularly regarding neurotransmitters. Glutamate (Glu) and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), the brain's primary excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitters, play critical roles in brain function and physiological processes.

Methods: We examined the levels of Glu, combined glutamate and glutamine (Glx), and GABA across psychiatric disorders by pooling data from 121 H-MRS studies and further divided the sample based on Axis I disorders.

Growth hormone promotes the reconstruction of injured axons in the hypothalamo-neurohypophyseal system.

JOURNAL/nrgr/04.03/01300535-202410000-00026/figure1/v/2024-02-06T055622Z/r/image-tiff Previous studies have shown that growth hormone can regulate hypothalamic energy metabolism, stress, and hormone release. Therefore, growth hormone has great potential for treating hypothalamic injury.

A procedure in mice to obtain intact pituitary-infundibulum-hypothalamus preparations: a method to evaluate the reconstruction of hypothalamohypophyseal system.

Purpose: The histopathological study of brain tissue is a common method in neuroscience. However, efficient procedures to preserve the intact hypothalamic-pituitary brain specimens are not available in mice for histopathological study.

Method: We describe a detailed procedure for obtaining mouse brain with pituitary-hypothalamus continuity.

Focusing on cyclin-dependent kinases 5: A potential target for neurological disorders.

Cyclin-dependent kinases 5 (Cdk5) is a special member of proline-directed serine threonine kinase family. Unlike other Cdks, Cdk5 is not directly involved in cell cycle regulation but plays important roles in nervous system functions. Under physiological conditions, the activity of Cdk5 is tightly controlled by p35 or p39, which are specific activators of Cdk5 and highly expressed in post-mitotic neurons.

Laparoscopic intersphincteric resection vs. transanal total mesorectal excision in overweight patients with low rectal cancer.

Objective: Anus-preserving surgery in overweight patients with low rectal cancer has been a challenge due to the narrow operating space. Intersphincteric resection (ISR) was once a standard therapeutic option for low rectal cancer. The effectiveness of transanal total mesorectal excision (taTME) in treating this group of patients remains uncertain as a new surgical strategy.

Adult neurogenesis of the median eminence contributes to structural reconstruction and recovery of body fluid metabolism in hypothalamic self-repair after pituitary stalk lesion.

Body fluid homeostasis is critical to survival. The integrity of the hypothalamo-neurohypophysial system (HNS) is an important basis of the precise regulation of body fluid metabolism and arginine vasopressin (AVP) hormone release. Clinically, some patients with central diabetes insipidus (CDI) due to HNS lesions can experience recovery compensation of body fluid metabolism.

Focusing on Formononetin: Recent Perspectives for its Neuroprotective Potentials.

Nervous system is the most complex system of the human body, hence, the neurological diseases often lack effective treatment strategies. Natural products have the potential to yield unique molecules and produce integrative and synergic effects compared to standard therapy. Mounting evidence has shown that isoflavonoids contained in traditional medicinal plant or dietary supplementation may play a crucial role in the prevention and treatment of neurological diseases due to their pronounced biological activities correlating to nervous system.

Noradrenergic innervations of the medial prefrontal cortex mediate empathy for pain in rats via the α1 and β receptors.

Empathy involves integrated affective and cognitive processes to share the emotional state of others. This evolutionarily conserved ability has also been identified in nonhuman primates and rodents. Our previous work demonstrated that social interaction with a cagemate rat in pain induces mechanical pain hypersensitivity in cagemate observer (CO) rats.

An Efficient Method for the Isolation and Cultivation of Hypothalamic Neural Stem/Progenitor Cells From Mouse Embryos.

The hypothalamus is the key region that regulates the neuroendocrine system as well as instinct behaviors, and hypothalamic dysfunction causes refractory clinical problems. Recent studies have indicated that neural stem/progenitor cell (NSPC) in the hypothalamus play a crucial role in hypothalamic function. However, specific hypothalamic NSPC culture methods have not been established, especially not detailed or efficient surgical procedures.

Nonylphenol regulates TL1A through the AhR/HDAC2/HNF4α pathway in endothelial cells to promote the angiogenesis of colorectal cancer.

Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most malignant cancers worldwide. Nonylphenol (NP) is an endocrine-disruptor chemical and plays an important role in the development of cancers. However, the effects of NP on CRC remain unclear.

Transcriptomic Analysis Reveals that Activating Transcription Factor 3/c-Jun/Lgals3 Axis Is Associated with Central Diabetes Insipidus after Hypothalamic Injury.

Background: Hypothalamic injury causes several complicated neuroendocrine-associated disorders, such as water-electrolyte imbalance, obesity, and hypopituitarism. Among these, central diabetes insipidus (CDI), characterized by polyuria, polydipsia, low urine specific gravity, and deficiency of arginine vasopressin contents, is a typical complication after hypothalamic injury.

Methods: CDI was induced by hypothalamic pituitary stalk injury in male animals.

NPY alterations induced by chronic morphine exposure affect the maintenance and reinstatement of morphine conditioned place preference.

Opioid addiction is a brain disease that severely harms society and personal health. Although the tremendous numbers of patients worldwide and emerged negative events, effective treatments for opioid addiction are still lacking. Neuropeptide Y (NPY) is one of the main orexigenic peptides that play vital roles in food intake and energy metabolism.

A retaining sphenoid and dura procedure in the rat to obtain intact pituitary-infundibulum-hypothalamus preparations.

Background: The histopathological study of brain tissue is a conventional method in neuroscience. However, procedures specifically developed to recover intact hypothalamic-pituitary brain specimens, are not available.

New Method: We describe a detailed protocol for obtaining intact rat brain with pituitary-hypothalamus continuity through an intact infundibulum.

Klf4 Alleviates Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Inflammation by Inducing Expression of MCP-1 Induced Protein 1 to Deubiquitinate TRAF6.

Background/aims: Inflammation is an essential component of innate immunity against pathogens, but is tightly regulated, such as by Krüppel-like factor 4 (Klf4), to prevent injury. Klf4 also regulates macrophage polarization, although the mechanisms underlying both functions are poorly understood. The aim of this study was to investigate whether and how Klf4 prevents unregulated inflammation.

Endoplasmic reticulum stress mediates distinct impacts of sevoflurane on different subfields of immature hippocampus.

Sevoflurane, a typical inhaled anesthetic, is widely used in patients of all ages during surgery. The negative effects, such as inducing cell death and damaging spatial memory, of sevoflurane on neurodevelopment have raised increasing concerns in recent years. However, the molecular mechanism remains unclear.

Chaperone-mediated autophagy and neurodegeneration: connections, mechanisms, and therapeutic implications.

Lysosomes degrade dysfunctional intracellular components via three pathways: macroautophagy, microautophagy, and chaperone-mediated autophagy (CMA). Unlike the other two, CMA degrades cytosolic proteins with a recognized KFERQ-like motif in lysosomes and is important for cellular homeostasis. CMA activity declines with age and is altered in neurodegenerative diseases.

Rho kinase inhibitor Y-27632 promotes the differentiation of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells into keratinocyte-like cells in xeno-free conditioned medium.

Introduction: Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs), which have the ability to self-renew and to differentiate into multiple cell types, have recently become a novel strategy for cell-based therapies. The differentiation of BMSCs into keratinocytes may be beneficial for patients with burns, disease, or trauma. However, the currently available cells are exposed to animal materials during their cultivation and induction.

The endocannabinoid system regulates synaptic transmission in nucleus accumbens by increasing DAGL-α expression following short-term morphine withdrawal.

Background And Purpose: The endocannabinoid (eCB) system is involved in pathways that regulate drug addiction and eCB-mediated synaptic plasticity has been linked with addictive behaviours. Here, we investigated the molecular mechanisms underlying the changes in eCB-dependent synaptic plasticity in the nucleus accumbens core (NAcc) following short-term withdrawal from repeated morphine treatment.

Experimental Approach: Conditioned place preference (CPP) was used to evaluate the rewarding effects of morphine in rats.

Increased expression of cannabinoid receptor 1 in the nucleus accumbens core in a rat model with morphine withdrawal.

Relapse is a major clinical problem and remains a major challenge in the treatment of drug addiction. There is strong evidence that the endocannabinoid system of the nucleus accumben core (NAcc) is involved in drug-seeking behavior, as well as in the mechanisms that underlie relapse to drug use. To reveal the mechanism that underlies this finding, we examined the expression pattern of the cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1-R) in the NAcc of SD rats that had been undergoing morphine withdrawal (MW) for 1 day, 3 days and 3 weeks (acute, latent and chronic phases, respectively).

Free fatty acid induces endoplasmic reticulum stress and apoptosis of β-cells by Ca2+/calpain-2 pathways.

Dysfunction of β-cells is a major characteristic in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The combination of obesity and T2DM is associated with elevated plasma free fatty acids (FFAs). However, molecular mechanisms linking FFAs to β-cell dysfunction remain poorly understood.

[Distribution and composition of organochlorine pesticides in farmland top soils of Anhui Province].

By using ultrasonic method and GC/ECD, this paper analyzed the distribution and composition of 8 kinds of organochlorine pesticides (alpha-HCH, beta-HCH, gamma-HCH, delta-HCH, op'-DDE, pp'-DDD, alpha-endosulfan, and chlorothalonil) in farmland top soils (0-20 cm) in 19 districts of Anhui Province, East China. The total concentration of the pesticides in the top soils ranged from 0 to 23.75 microg x kg(-1), among which, pp'-DDD and gamma-HCH were the major pollutants, with the mean concentration being 13.

Double directional adjusting estrogenic effect of naringin from Rhizoma drynariae (Gusuibu).

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Chinese traditional medicine Rhizoma drynariae (Gusuibu) is widely used for clinically treating osteoporosis and bone non-union. Naringin and its active metabolite naringenin are the main active ingredients of Rhizoma drynariae total flavonoids.

Aim Of The Study: The purpose of this paper is to confirm estrogenic and anti-estrogenic activity of naringin and naringenin, and provide the basic data to further study for the dose-effect relationship and the mechanism for Rhizoma drynariae in treatment of osteoporosis and other estrogen deficiency-related diseases.

[Effects of endophytic Paenibacillus polymyxa S-7 on photosynthesis, yield, and quality of sugar beet].

This study showed that inoculation of endophytic Paenibacillus polymyxa S-7 could significantly (P < 0.05) promote the photosynthesis of sugar beet. After the inoculation, the leaf net photosynthetic rate (Pn), stomatal limitation (Ls), stomatal conductance (Gs), and transpiration rate (Tr) increased by 16.

[Epidemiological feature of hepatitis B in Zaozhuang City, Shandong Province].

Objective: To study the prevalence and the epidemiological feature of hepatitis B in the population of Zaozhuang and the seroepidemiology of hepatitis B virus infection.

Methods: HBsAg, anti-HBs and anti-HBc were detected in 963 sera collected from 312 families by RIA, which were selected by multistage and stratified cluster sampling.

Results: The results indicated that the standardized positive rates of HBsAg, anti-HBs and anti-HBc were 7.