Enhancing Ultrasonic Echo Response of AlN Thin Film Transducer Deposited by RF Magnetron Sputtering.

Accurate measurement of the pretightening stress for bolts has great significance for improving the assembly quality and safety, especially in severe environments. In this study, AlN thin film transducers were deposited on GH4169 nickel base alloy bolts using the RF magnetron sputtering, enabling a systematic investigation into the correlation between structures and the intensity of ultrasonic echo signals. Employing the finite element method resulted in consistency with the experimental data, enabling further exploration of the enhancement mechanism.

The HVEM-BTLA Immune Checkpoint Restrains Murine Chronic Cholestatic Liver Injury by Regulating the Gut Microbiota.

The herpes virus entry mediator (HVEM) is an immune checkpoint molecule regulating immune response, but its role in tissue repair remains unclear. Here, we reported that HVEM deficiency aggravated hepatobiliary damage and compromised liver repair after 3,5-diethoxycarbonyl-1,4-dihydrocollidine (DDC)-induced injury. A similar phenotype was observed in B and T lymphocyte attenuator (BTLA)-deficient mice.

A Murine Commensal Protozoan Influences Host Glucose Homeostasis by Facilitating Free Choline Generation.

Recent progress indicates that the gut microbiota plays important role in regulating the host's glucose homeostasis. However, the mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we reported that one integral member of the murine gut microbiota, the protozoan could drive the host's glucose metabolic imbalance.

The intestinal microbial metabolite desaminotyrosine is an anti-inflammatory molecule that modulates local and systemic immune homeostasis.

It is considered that intestinal barrier dysfunction and systemic endotoxemia drive obesity and its related complications. However, what causes barrier dysfunction remains to be elucidated. Here, we showed that the gut microbiota from high-fat diet (HFD)-fed mice had impaired ability to degrade dietary flavonoids, and in correspondence, the microbial-derived flavonoid metabolite desaminotyrosine (DAT) was reduced.

Commensal Bacteria Impact a Protozoan's Integration into the Murine Gut Microbiota in a Dietary Nutrient-Dependent Manner.

Our current understanding of the host-microbiota interaction in the gut is dominated by studies focused primarily on prokaryotic bacterial communities. However, there is an underappreciated symbiotic eukaryotic protistic community that is an integral part of mammalian microbiota. How commensal protozoan bacteria might interact to form a stable microbial community remains poorly understood.