The aroma formation from fresh tea leaves of Longjing 43 to finished Enshi Yulu tea at an industrial scale.

Background: Enshi Yulu tea (ESYL) is the most representative of steamed green tea in China, but its aroma formation in processing is unclear. Thus, the ESYL volatiles during the whole industrial processing were investigated using headspace solid-phase microextraction coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.

Results: A total of 134 volatiles were identified.

XRCC2 driven homologous recombination subtypes and therapeutic targeting in lung adenocarcinoma metastasis.

Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is a leading cause of cancer mortality, with many patients facing poor prognosis, particularly those with metastatic or drug-resistant tumors. Homologous recombination genes (HRGs) are crucial in tumor progression and therapy resistance, but their clinical significance in LUAD is not well understood. In this study, we systematically characterize key HRGs in LUAD patients, identifying two distinct HR subtypes associated with different outcomes and biological functions.

Dynamic changes in the aroma profiles and volatiles of Enshi Yulu tea throughout its industrial processing.

Although Enshi Yulu tea (ESYL) possesses a distinctive fragrance, there is a scarcity of studies focusing on its primary volatiles or aroma genesis. This study aims to elucidate the dynamics in the profiles of aromas and volatiles through aroma profiling analysis and headspace solid-phase microextraction/gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. A total of 10 aroma attributes and 128 volatiles were identified in ESYL, with geraniol and linalool exhibiting the highest levels, and alcohols constituting the predominant proportion.

Research progress in MCM family: Focus on the tumor treatment resistance.

Malignant tumors constitute a significant category of diseases posing a severe threat to human survival and health, thereby representing one of the most challenging and pressing issues in the field of biomedical research. Due to their malignant nature, which is characterized by a high potential for metastasis, rapid dissemination, and frequent recurrence, the prevailing approach in clinical oncology involves a comprehensive treatment strategy that combines surgery with radiotherapy, chemotherapy, targeted drug therapies, and other interventions. Treatment resistance remains a major obstacle in the comprehensive management of tumors, serving as a primary cause for the failure of integrated tumor therapies and a critical factor contributing to patient relapse and mortality.

Simultaneous production of high-frequency synthetic apomixis with high fertility and improved agronomic traits in hybrid rice.

The current apomixis system used in fixing heterozygosity suffers from the problems of low fertility and limited apomixis induction rate. This study implies that egg-cell-specific expression of dandelion's PAR combined with MiMe in hybrid rice can efficiently trigger highly fertile synthetic apomixis for effective clonal propagation of hybrids.

Integrated multiomic data analysis reveals the clinical significance of TXNIP and contributing to immune microenvironment in triple negative breast cancer.

Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a type of breast cancer with the worst clinical outcome. TNBC is not sensitive to typical endocrine therapy and targeted therapy. Thioredoxin interacting protein (TXNIP), known as a tumor suppressor, is related to oxidative stress and energy metabolism.

Gibberellin signaling regulates lignin biosynthesis to modulate rice seed shattering.

The elimination of seed shattering was a key step in rice (Oryza sativa) domestication. In this paper, we show that increasing the gibberellic acid (GA) content or response in the abscission region enhanced seed shattering in rice. We demonstrate that SLENDER RICE1 (SLR1), the key repressor of GA signaling, could physically interact with the rice seed shattering-related transcription factors quantitative trait locus of seed shattering on chromosome 1 (qSH1), O.

Phylogeny and Fungal Community Structures of Helotiales Associated with Sclerotial Disease of Mulberry Fruits in China.

Mulberry fruit sclerotiniose is a prevalent disease caused by the fungal species , , and of the order Helotiales, and severely affects the production of mulberry. However, these species have only been identified using morphological and rDNA-ITS sequence analyses, and their genetic variation is unclear. To address this, morphological and two-locus (ITS and ) phylogenetic analyses were conducted using culture-dependent and independent methods for 49 samples from 31 orchards across four provinces in China.

First Report of Causing Root Rot and Stem Blight of Mulberry in Nanzhang, Hubei, China.

Mulberry ( L.) has been cultivated for thousands of years in many temperate regions in East Asia and is commonly used to feed silkworms. In May 2021, 5 to 8% incidence of stem blight on 4-year-old mulberry 'Nongsang 14' was observed in several orchards in Nanzhang County, Hubei Province, China.

Metabolome and Transcriptome Integrated Analysis of Leaves for Insight into the Formation of Bitter Taste.

leaves are excellent for health care, confirmed as a 'drug homologous food' by the Ministry of Health, China. The bitter taste of mulberry leaves is one of the main problems that hinders the development of the mulberry food industry. The bitter, unique taste of mulberry leaves is difficult to eliminate by post-processing.

Physiological and Transcriptome Analyses of Photosynthesis in Three Mulberry Cultivars within Two Propagation Methods (Cutting and Grafting) under Waterlogging Stress.

Mulberry is a valuable woody plant with significant economic importance. It can be propagated through two main methods: cutting and grafting. Waterlogging can have a major impact on mulberry growth and can significantly reduce production.

Screening and Verification of Photosynthesis and Chloroplast-Related Genes in Mulberry by Comparative RNA-Seq and Virus-Induced Gene Silencing.

Photosynthesis is one of the most important factors in mulberry growth and production. To study the photosynthetic regulatory network of mulberry we sequenced the transcriptomes of two high-yielding (E1 and E2) and one low-yielding (H32) mulberry genotypes at two-time points (10:00 and 12:00). Re-annotation of the mulberry genome based on the transcriptome sequencing data identified 22,664 high-quality protein-coding genes with a BUSCO-assessed completeness of 93.

Amplicon Sequencing Reveals Novel Fungal Species Responsible for a Controversial Tea Disease.

Amplicon sequencing is a powerful tool for analyzing the fungal composition inside plants, whereas its application for the identification of etiology for plant diseases remains undetermined. Here, we utilize this strategy to clarify the etiology responsible for tea leaf brown-black spot disease (LBSD), a noticeable disease infecting tea plants etiology that remains controversial. Based on the ITS-based amplicon sequencing analysis, species were identified as separate from spp.

First Report of Causing Anthracnose on Mulberry Leaves in China.

Mulberry ( L.) has been grown worldwide as a crop for silkworm rearing for over five thousand years (Jiao et al. 2020).

A Feature Selection Approach Guided an Early Prediction of Anthocyanin Accumulation Using Massive Untargeted Metabolomics Data in Mulberry.

Identifying the early predictive biomarkers or compounds represents a pivotal task for guiding a targeted agricultural practice. Despite the various available tools, it remains challenging to define the ideal compound combination and thereby elaborate an effective predictive model fitting that. Hence, we employed a stepwise feature selection approach followed by a maximum relevance and minimum redundancy (MRMR) on the untargeted metabolism in four mulberry genotypes at different fruit developmental stages (FDSs).

Hempel on scientific understanding.

Hempel seems to hold the following three views: (H1) Understanding is pragmatic/relativistic: Whether one understands why X happened in terms of Explanation E depends on one's beliefs and cognitive abilities; (H2) Whether a scientific explanation is good, just like whether a mathematical proof is good, is a nonpragmatic and objective issue independent of the beliefs or cognitive abilities of individuals; (H3) The goal of scientific explanation is understanding: A good scientific explanation is the one that provides understanding. Apparently, H1, H2, and H3 cannot be all true. Some philosophers think that Hempel is inconsistent, while some others claim that Hempel does not actually hold H3.

The dynamics in rhizosphere microbial communities under bacterial wilt resistance by mulberry genotypes.

The contribution of crops and soil microbial community structure and functional diversity in soil-borne diseases control mulberry plant production is still inadequately understood. In this work, a comparative study was undertaken on the microbial abundance, community structure, and functional diversity in the soil rhizosphere between the resistant (Kangqing 10) and the susceptible (Guisang 12) mulberry genotypes. The study deployed the use of dilution plate method, micro-ecology technology, and polymerase chain reaction-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE) techniques.

Functional analysis of auxin receptor OsTIR1/OsAFB family members in rice grain yield, tillering, plant height, root system, germination, and auxinic herbicide resistance.

Auxin regulates almost every aspect of plant growth and development and is perceived by the TIR1/AFB auxin co-receptor proteins differentially acting in concert with specific Aux/IAA transcriptional repressors. Little is known about the diverse functions of TIR1/AFB family members in species other than Arabidopsis. We created targeted OsTIR1 and OsAFB2-5 mutations in rice using CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing, and functionally characterized the roles of these five members in plant growth and development and auxinic herbicide resistance.

The heterochronic gene Oryza sativa LIKE HETEROCHROMATIN PROTEIN 1 modulates miR156b/c/i/e levels.

The juvenile-to-adult transition in plants involves changes in vegetative growth and plant architecture; the timing of this transition has important implications for agriculture. The microRNA miR156 regulates this transition and shoot maturation in plants. In Arabidopsis thaliana, deposition of histone H3 trimethylation on lysine 27 (H3K27me3, a repressive mark) at the MIR156A/C loci is regulated by Polycomb Repressive Complex 1 (PRC1) or PRC2, depending on the developmental stage.

Effects of long-term straw retention on soil microorganisms under a rice-wheat cropping system.

The objective of this study was to investigate how straw-incorporating practices affect bacterial communities and carbon source utilization capacity under a rice-wheat rotational farming practice in central China. To clarify the effect of long-term straw incorporation in microbial abundance and carbon metabolism, a long-term field experiment was initiated in May 2005 (rice-planting season). Soil bacterial communities were revealed by high-throughput sequencing technology.

A Strigolactone Biosynthesis Gene Contributed to the Green Revolution in Rice.

Plant architecture is a complex agronomic trait and a major factor of crop yield, which is affected by several important hormones. Strigolactones (SLs) are identified as a new class hormoneinhibiting branching in many plant species and have been shown to be involved in various developmental processes. Genetical and chemical modulation of the SL pathway is recognized as a promising approach to modify plant architecture.

Gemcitabine inhibits cisplatin resistance in cisplatin-resistant A549 cells by upregulating trx-interacting protein and inducing cell cycle arrest.

Cisplatin is a main chemotherapeutic drug used to treat non-small-cell lung cancer patients. However, these patients commonly face cisplatin resistance. The roles and underlying mechanisms of gemcitabine, irinotecan, pemetrexed and docetaxel used as single agents or combined with cisplatin for overcoming cisplatin-resistant non-small-cell lung cancer were explored in this study.

Using CRISPR-Cas9 to generate semi-dwarf rice lines in elite landraces.

Genetic erosion refers to the loss of genetic variation in a crop. In China, only a few original landraces of rice (Oryza sativa) were used in breeding and these became the primary genetic background of modern varieties. Expanding the genetic diversity among Chinese rice varieties and cultivating high-yielding and high-quality varieties with resistance to different biotic and abiotic stresses is critical.