Oral administration of inorganic nitrate alleviated biological damage induced by cone-beam computed tomography examination in Wistar rats.

Objectives: To explore whether the inorganic nitrate has a protective effect on biological damage induced by cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) and compare it with Vitamin C.

Materials And Methods: Sixty Wistar rats were randomly separated into 6 groups: control group, irradiation (IR) group, NaNO group, IR + NaNO group, Vitamin C group, and IR + Vitamin C group. Rats were whole-body irradiated with CBCT four times.

Dietary nitrate supplementation prevents radiotherapy-induced xerostomia.

Management of salivary gland hypofunction caused by irradiation (IR) therapy for head and neck cancer remains lack of effective treatments. Salivary glands, especially the parotid gland, actively uptake dietary nitrate and secrete it into saliva. Here, we investigated the effect of dietary nitrate on the prevention and treatment of IR-induced parotid gland hypofunction in miniature pigs, and elucidated the underlying mechanism in human parotid gland cells.

BMP4 Moderates Glycolysis and Regulates Activation and Interferon-Gamma Production in CD4+ T Cells.

BMP4 is a key growth factor well known in promoting bone regeneration and has been reported to be able to regulate T cell development in the thymus. Here, we showed that BMP4 downregulates the activation of naïve CD4+ T cells and the IFN-γ production of CD4+ T cells without increasing regulatory T cells. BMP4 could also moderate glycolysis of T cells and regulate Hif1α expression.

Total body irradiation-induced colon damage is prevented by nitrate-mediated suppression of oxidative stress and homeostasis of the gut microbiome.

Inorganic dietary nitrate plays vital roles in biological functions via the exogenous NO3/NO2/NO pathway under hypoxia and ischemia. We previously verified the antioxidative effects of inorganic nitrate in a mouse model of total body irradiation (TBI). Accordingly, in this study, we evaluated the effects of inorganic nitrate on prevention of TBI-induced colon injury and dysbiosis of the gut microbiome.

Erratum: Histological characteristics following a long-term nitrate-rich diet in miniature pigs with parotid atrophy.

[This corrects the article on p. 6225 in vol. 8, PMID: 26261499.

Evaluation of trabecular structure changes in osteoarthritis of the temporomandibular joint with cone beam computed tomography imaging.

Objectives: To explore the possibility of using 2-dimensional image assessments in combination with cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) in patients with temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis (TMJOA) to enhance the clinical significance and applicability of the CBCT findings on TMJOA changes.

Study Design: Fifty-two patients with unilateral TMJOA and 40 healthy adults who had undergone CBCT in preparation for orthodontic treatment were selected for this study. Temporomandibular joint images were acquired with CBCT.

Histological characteristics following a long-term nitrate-rich diet in miniature pigs with parotid atrophy.

The aim of this study was to investigate the histological characteristics following a 2-year nitrate-rich diet in miniature pigs with parotid atrophy. Using averages collected data from three time points at 6, 12, and 24 months following the induction of parotid gland atrophy, salivary nitrate levels of the nitrate-diet parotid-atrophied group (17.3 ± 3.

[Comparative dosimetry of dental cone-beam computed tomography and multi-slice computed tomography for oral and maxillofacial radiology].

Objective: To compare the effective radiation dose levels of cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) with those of multi-slice computed tomography (MSCT) when scanning the same maxillofacial regions.

Methods: The effective doses of 2 CBCT (NewTom 9000 and DCT Pro) and 1 MSCT (bright speed edge select 8 slice) scanners were calculated using thermoluminescent dosimeters (TLD) that were placed in a head and neck phantom, and expressed according to the International Commission on Radiation Protection (ICRP) 2007 guidelines.

Results: Effective dose values ranged from 41.

Thyroid shields for radiation dose reduction during cone beam computed tomography scanning for different oral and maxillofacial regions.

Aims: To evaluate the radiation dose level during cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) scanning for the different oral and maxillofacial regions with and without thyroid collar shielding.

Materials And Methods: Average tissue-absorbed dose for a DCT PRO CBCT was measured using thermoluminescent dosimeter chips in a phantom with or without applying thyroid collars. Effective organ dose and total effective dose were derived using International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) 2007 recommendations.

Effective radiation dose of ProMax 3D cone-beam computerized tomography scanner with different dental protocols.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to compare effective doses resulting from different scan protocols for cone-beam computerized tomography (CBCT) using International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) 1990 and 2007 calculations of dose.

Study Design: Average tissue-absorbed dose, equivalent dose, and effective dose for a ProMax 3D CBCT with different dental protocols were calculated using thermoluminescent dosimeter chips in a human equivalent phantom. Effective doses were derived using ICRP 1990 and the superseding 2007 recommendations.

The detection accuracies for proximal caries by cone-beam computerized tomography, film, and phosphor plates.

Objectives: To evaluate the accuracy of cone-beam computerized tomography (CBCT) for the detection of noncavitated proximal caries and to compare the detection accuracies of 2 CBCT imaging systems with those based on plain-film radiographs and phosphor-plate images.

Study Design: Test radiographs of 39 noncavitated unrestored human permanent teeth were obtained with film, phosphor-plate, ProMax 3D, and Kodak 9000 3D imaging systems. Seven observers used a 5-level scale to evaluate test images for the presence of proximal caries.

Detection accuracy of in vitro approximal caries by cone beam computed tomography images.

Aims: To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of approximal carious lesions among five CBCT systems and to assess the effect of detector types employed by different CBCT systems on the accuracy of approximal caries diagnosis.

Materials And Methods: Thirty-nine extracted non-cavitated human permanent teeth were employed in the study. Seven observers evaluated 78 approximal surfaces of the teeth with respect to caries by the images from the following five CBCT systems: (1) NewTom 9000; (2) Accuitomo 3DX; (3) Kodak 9000 3D; (4) ProMax 3D; and (5) DCT PRO, respectively.

[Effect of radiation on the activity and expression of Ca(2+)-Mg(2+)-ATPase in rat masseter muscle].

Objective: To investigate the activity and expression of Ca(2+)-Mg(2+)-ATPase in irradiated rat masseter muscle.

Methods: The rats were irradiated locally with a single dose of 20 Gy X-ray. The activities of Ca(2+)-Mg(2+)-ATPase were measured with colorimetric method.