In this study, a novel organic-inorganic hybrid material IIGK@MnO (2-naphthalenemethyl-isoleucine-isoleucine-glycine-lysine@manganese dioxide) was designed as a novel adsorbent for the removal of strontium ions (Sr). The morphology and structure of IIGK@MnO were characterized using TEM, AFM, XRD, and XPS. The results indicate that the large specific surface area and abundant negative surface charges of IIGK@MnO make its surface rich in active adsorption sites for Sr adsorption.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAs one of the world's largest emitters of greenhouse gases, China has set itself the ambitious goal of achieving carbon peaking and carbon neutrality. Therefore, it is crucial to quantify the magnitude and trend of sources and sinks of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO), and to monitor China's progress toward these goals. Using state-of-the-art datasets and models, this study comprehensively estimated the anthropogenic CO emissions from energy, industrial processes and product use, and waste along with natural sources and sinks of CO for all of China during 1980-2021.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSilicon monoxide (SiO) has attracted great attention due to its high theoretical specific capacity as an alternative material for conventional graphite anode, but its poor electrical conductivity and irreversible side reactions at the SiO/electrolyte interface seriously reduce its cycling stability. Here, to overcome the drawbacks, the dicharged SiO anode coated with Cu coating layer is elaborately designed by in-situ reduction method. Compared with the pristine SiO anode of lithium-ion battery (293 mAh g at 0.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFGlob Chang Biol
December 2022
Carbon (C):nitrogen (N):phosphorus (P) stoichiometry in plants, soils, and microbial biomass influences productivity and nutrient cycling in terrestrial ecosystems. Anthropogenic inputs of P to ecosystems are increasing; however, our understanding of the impacts of P addition on terrestrial ecosystem C:N:P ratios remains elusive. By conducting a meta-analysis with 1413 paired observations from 121 publications, we showed that P addition significantly decreased plant, soil, and microbial biomass N:P and C:P ratios, but had negligible effects on C:N ratios.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFTerrestrial ecosystems in China receive the world's largest amount of reactive nitrogen (N) deposition. Recent controls on nitrogen oxides (NO = NO + NO) emissions in China to tackle air pollution are expected to decrease N deposition, yet the observed N deposition fluxes remain almost stagnant. Here we show that the effectiveness of NO emission controls for reducing oxidized N (NO = NO + its oxidation products) deposition is unforeseen in Eastern China, with one-unit reduction in NO emission leading to only 55‒76% reductions in NO-N deposition, as opposed to the high effectiveness (around 100%) in both Southern China and the United States.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Countries have long been making efforts by reducing greenhouse-gas emissions to mitigate climate change. In the agreements of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, involved countries have committed to reduction targets. However, carbon (C) sink and its involving processes by natural ecosystems remain difficult to quantify.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSoil organic carbon (SOC) is a key component of the global carbon cycle, yet it is not well-represented in Earth system models to accurately predict global carbon dynamics in response to climate change. This novel study integrated deep learning, data assimilation, 25,444 vertical soil profiles, and the Community Land Model version 5 (CLM5) to optimize the model representation of SOC over the conterminous United States. We firstly constrained parameters in CLM5 using observations of vertical profiles of SOC in both a batch mode (using all individual soil layers in one batch) and at individual sites (site-by-site).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFModeling of global soil organic carbon (SOC) is accompanied by large uncertainties. The heavy computational requirement limits our flexibility in disentangling uncertainty sources especially in high latitudes. We build a structured sensitivity analyzing framework through reorganizing the Organizing Carbon and Hydrology in Dynamic Ecosystems (ORCHIDEE)-aMeliorated Interactions between Carbon and Temperature (MICT) model with vertically discretized SOC into one matrix equation, which brings flexibility in comprehensive sensitivity assessment.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIncreasing atmospheric CO stimulates photosynthesis which can increase net primary production (NPP), but at longer timescales may not necessarily increase plant biomass. Here we analyse the four decade-long CO-enrichment experiments in woody ecosystems that measured total NPP and biomass. CO enrichment increased biomass increment by 1.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFHexavalent chromium is one of the main heavy metal pollutants. As the environmental legislation becomes increasingly strict, seeking new technology to treat wastewater containing hexavalent chromium is becoming more and more important. In this research, a novel modified ultrafiltration membrane that could be applied to adsorb and purify water containing hexavalent chromium, was prepared by polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) blending with 2-aminobenzothiazole via phase inversion.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe terrestrial carbon (C) cycle has been commonly represented by a series of C balance equations to track C influxes into and effluxes out of individual pools in earth system models (ESMs). This representation matches our understanding of C cycle processes well but makes it difficult to track model behaviors. It is also computationally expensive, limiting the ability to conduct comprehensive parametric sensitivity analyses.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNon-forest ecosystems (predominant in semi-arid and arid regions) contribute significantly to the increasing trend and interannual variation of land carbon uptake over the last three decades, yet the mechanisms are poorly understood. By analysing the flux measurements from 23 ecosystems in Australia, we found the the correlation between gross primary production (GPP) and ecosystem respiration (R) was significant for non-forest ecosystems, but was not for forests. In non-forest ecosystems, both GPP and R increased with rainfall, and, consequently net ecosystem production (NEP) increased with rainfall.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMultifactor experiments are often advocated as important for advancing terrestrial biosphere models (TBMs), yet to date, such models have only been tested against single-factor experiments. We applied 10 TBMs to the multifactor Prairie Heating and CO Enrichment (PHACE) experiment in Wyoming, USA. Our goals were to investigate how multifactor experiments can be used to constrain models and to identify a road map for model improvement.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFDetermining whether the terrestrial biosphere will be a source or sink of carbon (C) under a future climate of elevated CO (eCO ) and warming requires accurate quantification of gross primary production (GPP), the largest flux of C in the global C cycle. We evaluated 6 years (2007-2012) of flux-derived GPP data from the Prairie Heating and CO Enrichment (PHACE) experiment, situated in a grassland in Wyoming, USA. The GPP data were used to calibrate a light response model whose basic formulation has been successfully used in a variety of ecosystems.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEvapotranspiration (ET) is the process by which liquid water becomes water vapor and energetically this accounts for much of incoming solar radiation. If this ET did not occur temperatures would be higher, so understanding ET trends is crucial to predict future temperatures. Recent studies have reported prolonged declines in ET in recent decades, although these declines may relate to climate variability.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe oscillation frequency of a nonlinear reaction system acts as a key factor for interaction and superposition of spatiotemporal patterns. To control and design spatiotemporal patterns in oscillatory media, it is important to establish the dominant frequency-related mechanism and the effects of external forces and species concentrations on oscillatory frequency. In the Ru(bipy)3(2+)-catalyzed Belousov-Zhabotinsky oscillator, a nonmonotonic relationship exists between light intensity and oscillatory frequency (I-F relationship), which is composed of fast photopromotion and slow photoinhibition regions in the oscillation frequency curve.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFProc Natl Acad Sci U S A
September 2014
Leaf life span is an important plant trait associated with interspecific variation in leaf, organismal, and ecosystem processes. We hypothesized that intraspecific variation in gymnosperm needle traits with latitude reflects both selection and acclimation for traits adaptive to the associated temperature and moisture gradient. This hypothesis was supported, because across 127 sites along a 2,160-km gradient in North America individuals of Picea glauca, Picea mariana, Pinus banksiana, and Abies balsamea had longer needle life span and lower tissue nitrogen concentration with decreasing mean annual temperature.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFA photosensitive self-oscillating gel that incorporates the Belousov-Zhabotinsky reaction can undergo rhythmic mechanical oscillations. We exploit the dependence of the oscillation frequency on light intensity to generate both photophobic and phototropic movement of the gel under differential illumination. Our findings may be used in designing intelligent sensors that can execute biomimetic behaviours.
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