SELENOI Functions as a Key Modulator of Ferroptosis Pathway in Colitis and Colorectal Cancer.

Ferroptosis plays important roles both in normal physiology and multiple human diseases. It is well known that selenoprotein named glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) is a crucial regulator for ferroptosis. However, it remains unknown whether other selenoproteins responsible for the regulation of ferroptosis, particularly in gut diseases.

Evidence and Metabolic Implications for a New Non-Canonical Role of Cu-Zn Superoxide Dismutase.

Copper-zinc superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) has long been recognized as a major redox enzyme in scavenging superoxide radicals. However, there is little information on its non-canonical role and metabolic implications. Using a protein complementation assay (PCA) and pull-down assay, we revealed novel protein-protein interactions (PPIs) between SOD1 and tyrosine 3-monooxygenase/tryptophan 5-monooxygenase activation protein zeta (YWHAZ) or epsilon (YWHAE) in this research.

Selenium deficiency-induced multiple tissue damage with dysregulation of immune and redox homeostasis in broiler chicks under heat stress.

Broiler chicks are fast-growing and susceptible to dietary selenium (Se) deficiency. This study sought to reveal the underlying mechanisms of how Se deficiency induces key organ dysfunctions in broilers. Day-old male chicks (n=6 cages/diet, 6 chicks/cage) were fed with a Se-deficient diet (Se-Def, 0.

Iron from Co-Encapsulation of Defatted Nannochloropsis Oceanica with Inulin Is Highly Bioavailable and Does Not Impact Wheat Flour Shelf Life or Sensorial Attributes.

Defatted green microalgae (DGM) is a rich source of bioavailable iron. However, its use in foods results in unacceptable color and taste development. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate strategies to enhance the use of DGM in foods.

Loss of Selenov predisposes mice to extra fat accumulation and attenuated energy expenditure.

Selenoprotein V (SELENOV) is a new and the least conserved member of the selenoprotein family. Herein we generated Selenov knockout (KO) mice to determine its in vivo function. The KO led to 16-19% increases (P < 0.

The Effects of Endoplasmic-Reticulum-Resident Selenoproteins in a Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Pig Model Induced by a High-Fat Diet.

The present study aimed to investigate the intervention of selenium in the oxidative stress and apoptosis of pig livers, which were induced by a high-fat diet, and the effects of four endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-resident selenoproteins in the process. A 2×4 design trial was conducted that included two dietary fat levels (BD = basal diet and HFD = high-fat diet) and four dietary Se supplementation levels (0, 0.3, 1.

The proteomic profiling of multiple tissue damage in chickens for a selenium deficiency biomarker discovery.

Over the past decades, substantial advances have been made in both the early diagnosis and accurate prognosis of numerous cancers because of the impressive development of novel proteomic strategies. Selenium (Se) is an essential trace element in humans and animals. Se deficiency could lead to Keshan disease in humans, mulberry heart disease in pigs and damage of tissues including cardiac injury, apoptosis in the liver, reduction in the immune responses in spleen and cerebral lesions in chickens.

Sulforaphane Prevents Hepatic Insulin Resistance by Blocking Serine Palmitoyltransferase 3-Mediated Ceramide Biosynthesis.

Sulforaphane (SFA), a naturally active isothiocyanate compound from cruciferous vegetables used in clinical trials for cancer treatment, was found to possess potency to alleviate insulin resistance. But its underlying molecular mechanisms are still incompletely understood. In this study, we assessed whether SFA could improve insulin sensitivity and glucose homeostasis both in vitro and in vivo by regulating ceramide production.

2-Deoxyglucose-Modified Folate Derivative: Self-Assembling Nanoparticle Able to Load Cisplatin.

Folic acid has been widely introduced into nano-drug delivery systems to give nanoparticle-targeted characteristics. However, the poor water solubility of folic acid may hinder the exploitation of its ability to load antineoplastic drugs. In the present study, we designed a new folate derivative (FA-2-DG) synthesized from folic acid and 2-Deoxyglucose (2-DG).

Alteration of the colostrum whey proteome in mothers with gestational hypothyroidism.

Background: Gestational hypothyroidism (G-HypoT) is one of the most common thyroid diseases in pregnant women. Human milk, which closely links the mother with infant, is an important factor to the infant health. Here, we analyzed the colostrum whey proteome of women with or without G-HypoT.

Cloning, expression, and characterization of a porcine pancreatic α-amylase in .

Pancreatic α-amylase (α-1, 4-glucan-4-glucanohydrolase, EC.3.2.

PCV2 infection aggravates ochratoxin A-induced nephrotoxicity via autophagy involving p38 signaling pathway in vivo and in vitro.

Ochratoxin A (OTA) is reported to induce nephrotoxicity in animals and humans. Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) could induce porcine dermatitis and nephropathy syndrome. To date, little is known whether virus infection aggravates mycotoxin-induced toxicity.

Characterization and milk coagulating properties of Cynanchum otophyllum Schneid. proteases.

The herbaceous plant Cynanchum otophyllum Schneid. is widely used as a milk coagulant to make a Chinese traditional milk product, milk cake. However, the milk-clotting compounds and their mechanism remain unclear.

Selenium Deficiency-Induced Apoptosis of Chick Embryonic Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells and Correlations with 25 Selenoproteins.

Selenium deficiency is the major cause of exudative diathesis in chicks. Subcutaneous hemorrhage is one of the typical symptoms of the disease. However, the reason for the occurrence of blood exudation remains unknown.

Selenium Deficiency Influences the Expression of Selenoproteins and Inflammatory Cytokines in Chicken Aorta Vessels.

Selenium deficiency is known to cause cardiovascular diseases. However, the role of Se deficiency in causing oxidative damage and inflammation injury to the aorta vessels of chickens is not well known. In the present study, 180 1-day-old chickens were randomly divided into two groups, a low-Se group (L group) and a control-Se group (C group).

Characterization of Selenoprotein M and Its Response to Selenium Deficiency in Chicken Brain.

Selenoprotein M (SelM) may function as thiol disulfide oxidoreductase that participates in the formation of disulfide bonds and can be implicated in calcium responses. SelM may have a functional role in catalyzing free radicals and has been associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, studies of SelM in chicken remain very limited.

Effects of a Tripeptide Iron on Iron-Deficiency Anemia in Rats.

This study aims to investigate the effects of a tripeptide iron (REE-Fe) on iron-deficiency anemia rats. Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into seven groups: a normal control group, an iron-deficiency control group, and iron-deficiency groups treated with ferrous sulfate (FeSO4), ferrous glycinate (Fe-Gly), or REE-Fe at low-, medium-, or high-dose groups. The rats in the iron-deficiency groups were fed on an iron-deficient diet to establish iron-deficiency anemia (IDA) model.

Starch and starch hydrolysates are favorable carbon sources for bifidobacteria in the human gut.

Background: Bifidobacteria are key commensals in human gut, and their abundance is associated with the health of their hosts. Although they are dominant in infant gut, their number becomes lower in adult gut. The changes of the diet are considered to be main reason for this difference.

Spectroscopic evaluation of effects of heat treatments on the structures and emulsifying properties of caseins.

The effects of heat treatment (heating temperature and pH) on the structures and emulsifying properties of caseins were systematically studied by spectroscopy. Heat treatment from 60 to 100 degrees C resulted in an increase in their fluorescence intensity, hydrodynamic diameter, turbidity and emulsifying activity index, but decreased the size polydispersity of caseins. In the pH range of 5.

Lactobacillus salivarius REN inhibits rat oral cancer induced by 4-nitroquioline 1-oxide.

Despite significant advances in cancer therapy, cancer-related mobility and mortality are still rising. Alternative strategies such as cancer prevention thus become essential. Probiotics represent an emerging option for cancer prevention, but studies are limited to colon cancers.

Selenoprotein W serves as an antioxidant in chicken myoblasts.

Background: Selenoprotein W (SelW) was thought to play an antioxidant role in mammals. Because chicken SelW has no cysteine (Cys) at the residue 37 (Cys37) that is required for the presumed antioxidant function in mammals, this study was conducted to determine whether chicken SelW possessed the same function.

Methods: Small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) technology was applied to suppress the SelW expression in chicken embryonic myoblasts.

[A comparison of different treatment conditions on the conformation changes of bovine lactoferrin].

In this study, the tertiary, secondary structures and disulfide bond changes of bovine lactoferrin (bLF) under 6 differents physico-chemical treatments were investigated by fluorescence, circular dichroism(CD) and UV-Vis absorption. A red shift from 333 to 354 nm in the fluorescence emission maximum (lambda(max)) was observed in the bLF treated by 6 mol x L(-1) GdnHCl, 8 mol x L(-1) Urea and 50 mmol x L(-1) DTT simultaneously, meanwhile a large number of exposed hydrophobic groups were detected. However, there was no marked shift in lambda(max) of bLF treated by heating (100 degrees C, 5 min), Ultrosonic(450 W, 5 s, 6 pulses) or beta-ME (1%), of which fluorescence intensity decreased significantly compared with the untreated bLF.

Selenium levels affect the IL-4-induced expression of alternative activation markers in murine macrophages.

Selenium (Se), in the form of selenoproteins, imparts many health benefits with antiinflammatory properties. Previous studies have shown that Se supplementation of macrophages negatively regulates the LPS-dependent production of inducible NO synthase (iNOS), a proinflammatory gene. Therefore, we hypothesized that l-arginine, a substrate for iNOS, is acted upon by arginase-I (Arg-I), contributing to the resolution of inflammation.