IRE1α Expedites the Progression of Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancers the Positive Feedback Loop of IRE1α/IL-6/AR.

Castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) is the lethal form of prostate cancer (PCa), and the underlying molecular mechanism has not been fully elucidated. Inositol requiring enzyme 1 alpha (IRE1α), a key regulator of unfolded protein response (UPR), is intimately associated with PCa progression. However, whether IRE1α is implicated in CRPC development remains unknown.

Mitochondrial fission-induced mtDNA stress promotes tumor-associated macrophage infiltration and HCC progression.

Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) contribute to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) progression. However, the molecular mechanism underlying the infiltration of TAMs into HCC microenvironment is largely unclear. Recent studies have reported that alteration of mitochondrial nucleoid structures induces mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) release into the cytosol, which is recognized as mtDNA stress, and consequently regulates innate immunity.

An orally-active adiponectin receptor agonist mitigates cutaneous fibrosis, inflammation and microvascular pathology in a murine model of systemic sclerosis.

The hallmarks of systemic sclerosis (SSc) are autoimmunity, microangiopathy and fibrosis. Skin fibrosis is accompanied by attrition of the dermal white adipose tissue layer, and alterations in the levels and function of adiponectin. Since these findings potentially implicate adiponectin in the pathogenesis of SSc, we employed a novel pharmacological approach to augment adiponectin signaling using AdipoRon, an orally active adiponectin receptor agonist.

Hsp60 exerts a tumor suppressor function by inducing cell differentiation and inhibiting invasion in hepatocellular carcinoma.

Heat shock protein 60 (Hsp60), a typical mitochondrial chaperone, is associated with progression of various cancers. However, its expression and significance in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remain largely unclear. In the present study, the mRNA and protein expression of Hsp60 in HCC tissues were detected by quantitative RT-PCR (n=24), western blot (n=7), and immunohistochemical staining (n=295), respectively.

High leukocyte mtDNA content contributes to poor prognosis through ROS-mediated immunosuppression in hepatocellular carcinoma patients.

Compelling epidemiological evidences indicate a significant association between leukocyte mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) content and incidence risk of several malignancies, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, whether leukocyte mtDNA content affect prognosis of HCC patients and underlying mechanism has never been explored. In our study, leukocyte mtDNA content was measured in 618 HCC patients and its prognostic value was analyzed.

Toll-like Receptor 9 Signaling Is Augmented in Systemic Sclerosis and Elicits Transforming Growth Factor β-Dependent Fibroblast Activation.

Objective: Although transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) is recognized as being a key trigger of fibroblast activation in systemic sclerosis (SSc), prominent innate immunity suggests that additional pathways contribute to disease persistence. Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) is implicated in autoimmunity and fibrosis; however, the expression, mechanism of action, and pathogenic role of TLR9 signaling in SSc remain uncharacterized. The aim of this study was to explore the expression, activity, and potential pathogenic role of TLR9 in the context of skin fibrosis in SSc and in mouse models of experimental fibrosis.

Ultrathin PdTe nanowires anchoring reduced graphene oxide cathodes for efficient hydrogen evolution reaction.

The design and synthesis of efficient electrocatalysts for hydrogen evolution reaction under all pH conditions is extremely desirable but still remains a challenge. Here a facile method to decorate PdTe nanowires on reduced graphene oxide nanosheets (PdTe NWs/rGO) has been developed. As a robust integrated 2D hydrogen-evolving cathode catalyst, the Pd3.

Polymorphisms in Genes of Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle Key Enzymes Are Associated with Early Recurrence of Hepatocellular Carcinoma.

Alterations of activity and expression in tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle key enzymes have been indicated in several malignancies, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). They play an important role in the progression of cancer. However, the impact of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in genes encoding these key enzymes on the recurrence of HCC has not been investigated.

Genetic variations in monocarboxylate transporter genes as predictors of clinical outcomes in non-small cell lung cancer.

Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is characterized by poor prognosis and only a few molecular markers may be potentially used to predict clinical outcomes. Previous studies have demonstrated that monocarboxylate transporters (MCTs) play important roles in the development and progression of many cancers. The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of MCT genes on prognosis of NSCLC patients in Chinese Han population.

Genetic variants in genes of tricarboxylic acid cycle key enzymes are associated with prognosis of patients with non-small cell lung cancer.

Introduction: Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is characterized by poor prognosis and only a few molecular markers may be potentially used to predict the outcome. Metabolic reprogramming is a hallmark of cancer, including the alterations of tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle key enzymes. However, the significance of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in genes encoding these key enzymes has not been investigated in NSCLC.

Loss of CD155 expression predicts poor prognosis in hepatocellular carcinoma.

Aims: CD155 is an important ligand in triggering tumour rejection by immune cells. However, the expression of CD155 and its clinical significance in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains unknown.

Methods And Results: We examined the expression level of CD155 in 174 HCC tissue samples by immunohistochemical staining and in HCC cell lines by flow cytometry; 63.

Low expression of CD112 is associated with poor overall survival in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma.

CD112 as an important ligand of CD226 can stimulate the natural killer (NK) cell-mediated target cell lysis. Previous studies have reported that CD112 is involved in cancer initiation and progression. However, its expression and clinical significance in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) have never been investigated.

Loss of expression of MHC class I-related chain A (MICA) is a frequent event and predicts poor survival in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma.

Natural killer (NK) cells are important effector cells for the first line of defense against tumor. Distant MHC class I homolog MICA has been identified as human ligand for NK cell activating receptor NKG2D. Engagement of MICA triggers NK cells and augments antigen-specific CTL anti-tumor immunity.

Genetic variations in the HIF1A gene modulate response to adjuvant chemotherapy after surgery in patients with colorectal cancer.

Background: Hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) plays an important role in regulating cell survival and angiogenesis, which are critical for tumor growth and metastasis. Genetic variations of HIF1A have been shown to influence the susceptibility to many kinds of human tumors. Increased expression of HIF-1α has also been demonstrated to be involved in tumor progression.

LIM and SH3 domain protein 1 (LASP-1) overexpression was associated with aggressive phenotype and poor prognosis in clear cell renal cell cancer.

Background: LIM and SH3 protein 1 (LASP-1) is a specific focal adhesion protein that is known to be involved in numerous biological and pathological processes. LASP-1 overexpression has been described in several types of cancers, but its expression and role in clear cell renal cell cancer (ccRCC) remains unknown.

Methods: Using immunohistochemistry, we analyzed LASP-1 protein expression in 216 clinicopathologically characterized ccRCC cases.

Increased expression of TIGIT on CD4+ T cells ameliorates immune-mediated bone marrow failure of aplastic anemia.

Aplastic anemia (AA) is an autoimmune disease in which T cell activation is suspected to play an important role. T cell immunoglobulin and ITIM (immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibition motif) domain (TIGIT) is an inhibitory receptor, which exhibits inhibitory functions on the immune response. However, its role in AA has not been clearly determined.

MAGEC2, an epithelial-mesenchymal transition inducer, is associated with breast cancer metastasis.

MAGEC2 is a member of melanoma antigen (MAGE) family of cancer-testis antigens and associated with tumor relapse and metastasis. Here, we investigated the expression of MAGEC2 in patients with breast cancer and its clinical effects with underlying mechanisms. The expression levels of MAGEC2 were compared between 420 invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) and 120 ductal carcinoma in situ of the breast.

The ratio of second to fourth digit length (2D:4D) and coronary artery disease in a Han Chinese population.

Background: The association between index finger to ring finger length ratio (2D:4D) and cardiac disorders has been reported, however it has not been discussed in terms of coronary artery disease (CAD). We investigated whether 2D:4D could be used as a marker for predisposition to CAD as assessed by coronary angiography in Chinese men and women.

Methods: This study included 1764 persons divided into 4 groups, 441 cases with CAD and 441 persons without CAD as control in each sex of the same age.

Heterogeneous expression of CT10, CT45 and GAGE7 antigens and their prognostic significance in human breast carcinoma.

Objective: The goal of this study was to detect the intertumoral heterogeneity of CT10, CT45 and GAGE7 expression and further to analyze their prognostic value.

Methods: The intertumoral heterogeneity of three cancer/testis antigens was examined by immunohistochemistry using 120 samples from patients with infiltrating ductal breast carcinoma. The expression patterns were classified and correlated with the clinicopathologic variables and outcome of the patients.

[Expressions of EZH2 and RUNX3 in renal cell carcinoma and their clinical significance].

Objective: To investigate the expression levels of enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) and human runt-related transcription factor 3 (RUNX3) in renal cell carcinoma (RCC), and analyze their clinical significance and expression correlation.

Methods: Expressions of EZH2 and RUNX3 proteins were analyzed by immunohistochemistry in 56 RCC tissues and corresponding adjacent normal renal tissues, respectively. Statistic analysis was conducted using SPSS17.

Sustained high level of serum VEGF at convalescent stage contributes to the renal recovery after HTNV infection in patients with hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome.

To investigate the role of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in the increased permeability of vascular endothelial cells after Hantaan virus (HTNV) infection in humans, the concentration of VEGF in serum from HTNV infected patients was quantified with sandwich ELISA. Generally, the level of serum VEGF in patients was elevated to 607.0 (542.

Effect of Feining on bleomycin-induced pulmonary injuries in rats.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: The flowers of Gentiana veitchiorum has been widely used in decoction form in the traditional medicine of Tibet against tussis, tracheitis, angina for their anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial and alexipharmic properties.

Aim Of The Study: The aim of current study was to evaluate the therapeutic effects of Feining, a Chinese herbal formula (national invention patent: ZL200510042636.3) against pulmonary injuries and to clarify the mechanisms involved.

[Preparation of the monoclonal antibodies against human BORIS and the expression pattern of BORIS in normal and diseased human mammary tissues].

Aim: To prepare monoclonal antibodies(mAb) to BORIS antigen and analyze its expression pattern in breast cancer, benign breast disease and normal breast tissues.

Methods: Female BALB/c mice were immunized with recombination human BORIS protein. Hybridoma cell lines were established by hybridoma technique.