Non-image-forming photoreceptors improve visual orientation selectivity and image perception.

It has long been a decades-old dogma that image perception is mediated solely by rods and cones, while intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs) are responsible only for non-image-forming vision, such as circadian photoentrainment and pupillary light reflexes. Surprisingly, we discovered that ipRGC activation enhances the orientation selectivity of layer 2/3 neurons in the primary visual cortex (V1) of mice by both increasing preferred-orientation responses and narrowing tuning bandwidth. Mechanistically, we found that the tuning properties of V1 excitatory and inhibitory neurons are differentially influenced by ipRGC activation, leading to a reshaping of the excitatory/inhibitory balance that enhances visual cortical orientation selectivity.

Erratum: Cyclovirobuxine inhibits the progression of clear cell renal cell carcinoma by suppressing the IGFBP3-AKT/STAT3/MAPK-Snail signalling pathway: Erratum.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.62114.

Mapping multi-regional functional connectivity of astrocyte-neuronal networks during behaviors.

Significance: Diverse behaviors rely on coordinated activity and multi-regional functional connectivity within astrocyte-neuronal networks. However, current techniques for simultaneously measuring astrocytic and neuronal activities across multiple brain regions during behaviors remain limited.

Aim: We propose a multi-fiber solution that can simultaneously record activities of astrocyte-neuronal networks across multiple regions during behaviors.

Total Synthesis of Berkeleyone A and Preaustinoid A through Epoxypolyene Cyclization.

A bioinspired Lewis acid-catalyzed epoxypolyene cyclization was developed to construct the tetracyclic framework containing a bicyclo[3.3.1]nonane core and seven chiral centers.

A supramolecular hydrogel eye-drop alleviates inflammation via clathrin-mediated endocytosis.

The modulation of inflammation is effective to treat many ocular surface diseases. Thus the low bioavailability of common anti-inflammatory eye-drops urges the development of ocular drug delivery systems to extend the ocular retention and enhance the cellular uptake for improving anti-inflammatory effect of eye-drops. Here we covalently conjugate two molecules of clinically anti-inflammatory drug (i.

Deciphering the impact of aging on splenic endothelial cell heterogeneity and immunosenescence through single-cell RNA sequencing analysis.

Background: Aging is associated with significant structural and functional changes in the spleen, leading to immunosenescence, yet the detailed effects on splenic vascular endothelial cells (ECs) and their immunomodulatory roles are not fully understood. In this study, a single-cell RNA (scRNA) atlas of EC transcriptomes from young and aged mouse spleens was constructed to reveal age-related molecular changes, including increased inflammation and reduced vascular development and also the potential interaction between splenic endothelial cells and immune cells.

Results: Ten clusters of splenic endothelial cells were identified.

Silicon photocathode functionalized with osmium complex catalyst for selective catalytic conversion of CO to methane.

Solar-driven CO reduction to yield high-value chemicals presents an appealing avenue for combating climate change, yet achieving selective production of specific products remains a significant challenge. We showcase two osmium complexes, przpOs, and trzpOs, as CO reduction catalysts for selective CO-to-methane conversion. Kinetically, the przpOs and trzpOs exhibit high CO reduction catalytic rate constants of 0.

Instance Consistency Regularization for Semi-Supervised 3D Instance Segmentation.

Large-scale datasets with point-wise semantic and instance labels are crucial to 3D instance segmentation but also expensive. To leverage unlabeled data, previous semi-supervised 3D instance segmentation approaches have explored self-training frameworks, which rely on high-quality pseudo labels for consistency regularization. They intuitively utilize both instance and semantic pseudo labels in a joint learning manner.

Nanoparticle-hydrogel composite as dual-drug delivery system for the potential application of corneal graft rejection.

Immune rejection remains the major cause of corneal graft failure. Immunosuppressants (such as rapamycin; RAPA) adjunctive to antibiotics (such as levofloxacin hydrochloride; Lev) are a clinical mainstay after corneal grafts but suffer from poor ocular bioavailability associated with severe side effects. In this study, we fabricated a Lev@RAPA micelle loaded cationic peptide-based hydrogel (NapFFKK) as a dual-drug delivery system by integrating RAPA micelles with Lev into a cationic NapFFKK hydrogel to potentially reduced the risk of corneal graft rejection.

Multifunctional nanogel loaded with cerium oxide nanozyme and CX3CL1 protein: Targeted immunomodulation and retinal protection in uveitis rat model.

Effectively addressing retinal issues represents a pivotal aspect of blindness-related diseases. Novel approaches involving reducing inflammation and rebalancing the immune response are paramount in the treatment of these conditions. This study delves into the potential of a nanogel system comprising polyethylenimine-benzene boric acid-hyaluronic acid (PEI-PBA-HA).

Stepwise Toward Pure Blue Organic Light-Emitting Diodes by Synergetically Locking and Shielding Carbonyl/Nitrogen-Based MR-TADF Emitters.

Deep-blue multi-resonance (MR) emitters with stable and narrow full-width-at-half-maximum (FWHM) are of great importance for widening the color gamut of organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs). However, most planar MR emitters are vulnerable to intermolecular interactions from both the host and guest, causing spectral broadening and exciton quenching in thin films. Their emission in the solid state is environmentally sensitive, and the color purity is often inferior to that in solutions.

Pathway Activation Analysis for Pan-Cancer Personalized Characterization Based on Riemannian Manifold.

The pathogenesis of carcinoma is believed to come from the combined effect of polygenic variation, and the initiation and progression of malignant tumors are closely related to the dysregulation of biological pathways. Quantifying the alteration in pathway activation and identifying coordinated patterns of pathway dysfunction are the imperative part of understanding the malignancy process and distinguishing different tumor stages or clinical outcomes of individual patients. In this study, we have conducted in silico pathway activation analysis using Riemannian manifold (RiePath) toward pan-cancer personalized characterization, which is the first attempt to apply the Riemannian manifold theory to measure the extent of pathway dysregulation in individual patient on the tangent space of the Riemannian manifold.

CD169 classical monocyte as an important participant in Graves' ophthalmopathy through CXCL12-CXCR4 axis.

Patients with Graves' disease (GD) can develop Graves' ophthalmopathy (GO), but the underlying pathological mechanisms driving this development remain unclear. In our study, which included patients with GD and GO, we utilized single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) and multiplatform analyses to investigate CD169 classical monocytes, which secrete proinflammatory cytokines and are expanded through activated interferon signaling. We found that CD169 clas_mono was clinically significant in predicting GO progression and prognosis, and differentiated into CD169 macrophages that promote inflammation, adipogenesis, and fibrosis.

Digital health integration for noncommunicable diseases: Comprehensive process mapping for full-life-cycle management.

Aim: To create a systematic digital health process mapping framework for full-life-cycle noncommunicable disease management grounded in key stakeholder engagement.

Methods: A triphasic, qualitative methodology was employed to construct a process mapping framework for digital noncommunicable disease management in Shanghai, China. The first phase involved desk research to examine current guidance and practices.

A systemic lupus erythematosus patient with persistent elevated conjugated bilirubin as the initial symptom: A case report.

Rationale: While some systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients may experience varying degrees of liver function abnormalities, only a small portion of these cases have clinical significance, and the majority of patients typically exhibit low levels of serum bilirubin. However, in this article, we present a case of a middle-aged female patient with SLE who exhibited persistent skin jaundice as her initial symptom, offering a fresh perspective on diagnosing and treating patients who exhibit unexplained liver dysfunction and SLE combined with liver injury.

Patient Concerns: A 45-year-old woman was initially admitted to the hospital due to yellowing of the skin and sclera, and her symptoms did not improve significantly during treatment.

Altered expression of the Plexin-B2 system in tuberous sclerosis complex and focal cortical dysplasia IIb lesions.

Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) and focal cortical dysplasia (FCD) type IIb are the predominant causes of drug-refractory epilepsy in children. Dysmorphic neurons (DNs), giant cells (GCs), and balloon cells (BCs) are the most typical pathogenic profiles in cortical lesions of TSC and FCD IIb patients. However, mechanisms underlying the pathological processes of TSC and FCD IIb remain obscure.