Identification of nine mammal monosaccharides by solid-state nanopores.

Glycans, nucleic acids and proteins are three major classes of natural biopolymers. The extremely high diversity of isomerization makes structural elucidation of glycans the most challenging job among three classes. In the past few years, the single molecule sensing technique based on nanopores has achieved great success in sequencing of DNA.

Current transcriptome database and biomarker discovery for immunotherapy by immune checkpoint blockade.

Immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) has revolutionized the current immuno-oncology and significantly improved clinical outcome for cancer treatment. Despite the advancement in clinics, only a small subset of patients derives immune response to the ICB therapy. Therefore, a robust predictive biomarker that identifies potential candidate becomes increasingly crucial in delivering this technology to the public.

Spatial-temporal modulation method of nanosecond laser for the double-cone ignition scheme.

In order to improve the stability of the pulse, realize the high requirements of the direct drive ignition design for the uniformity of the target irradiation, reduce the interference of laser plasma instability, and improve the laser-target coupling efficiency, a nanosecond laser spatial-temporal modulation of high-power laser driver for double-cone ignition (DCI) research was proposed. Under the premise of satisfying the near-isentropic compression waveform of driving implosion, the time-power curves of all sub-beams in the facility are redistributed to reduce the waveform contrast ratio of each sub-beam. A fewer number of sub-beams are utilized to generate low-power foot pulses, which are focused on the target surface of the initial radius.

Quality maintenance and metabolite changes of grape berry treated by high voltage alternating electric field during near-freezing temperature storage.

High Voltage Alternating Electric Field (HVAEF), as an emerging postharvest preservation technology, is environmentally friendly and has garnered significant attention from scholars. This study investigated the effects of HVAEF on the postharvest quality and metabolite changes in 'Shine Muscat' grapes stored at near-freezing temperatures. The results demonstrated that HVAEF halved the weight loss and decay rate, inhibited browning by preserving polyphenol content, and reduced polyphenol oxidase and peroxidase activities, thereby extending the storage time by more than 20 days.

Chirality and Local Electron Density of States in a Two-Dimensional Molecular Crystal Self-Assembled by Prochiral Radical Molecules.

Creating and unveiling chiral systems is important to the development of new materials and devices. In this study, after depositing prochiral radical molecule 3-carbamoyl-2,2,5,5-tetramethyl pyrroline-1-oxyl (CTPO) on a Au(111) substrate, 2D molecular crystals with two chiralities of CTPO molecules have been discovered. A single CTPO molecule is an achiral molecule in three-dimensional space, and it can form chiral configurations after adsorbing on the substrate.

Physiological-Biochemical Characteristics and a Transcriptomic Profiling Analysis Reveal the Postharvest Wound Healing Mechanisms of Sweet Potatoes under Ascorbic Acid Treatment.

Sweet potatoes are extremely vulnerable to mechanical wounds during harvesting and postharvest handling. It is highly necessary to take measures to accelerate wound healing. The effect of 20 g L of ascorbic acid (AA) treatment on the wound healing of sweet potatoes and its mechanisms were studied.

Biochemical mechanism of chlorine dioxide fumigation in inhibiting Ceratocystis fimbriata and black rot in postharvest sweetpotato.

The inhibitory properties and underlying mechanism of chlorine dioxide (ClO) fumigation on the pathogen Ceratocystis fimbriata (C. fimbriata) and resultant sweetpotato black rot were investigated in vitro and in vivo. Results revealed that the ClO fumigation effectively inhibited fungal growth and induced obvious morphological variation of C.

Ten Thousand Recaptures of a Single DNA Molecule in a Nanopore and Variance Reduction of Translocation Characteristics.

Nanopores have emerged as highly sensitive biosensors operating at the single-molecule level. However, the majority of nanopore experiments still rely on averaging signals from multiple molecules, introducing systematic errors. To overcome this limitation and obtain accurate information from a single molecule, the molecular ping-pong methodology provides a precise approach involving repeated captures of a single molecule.

Large negative differential conductance and its transformation in a single radical molecule.

The discovery of negative differential conductance (NDC) in a single molecule and mechanism controlling this phenomenon are important for molecular electronics. We investigated the electronic properties of a typical radical molecule 3-carbamoyl-2,2,5,5-tetramethyl-3-pyrrolin-1-yloxy (CTPO) on an Au(111) surface using low-temperature scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and inelastic electron tunneling spectroscopy. Large NDC was observed in single CTPO molecules at the boundary of the crystal monolayer.

Effect of Tea Tree Essential Oil on the Quality, Antioxidant Activity, and Microbiological Safety of Lightly Processed Lily ( var. ) during Storage.

The Lanzhou lily is a regionally distinctive vegetable; the emergence of lightly processed lilies has addressed the inconvenience of consuming fresh lilies. However, the cleaning and impurity removal during the processing of lightly processed lily may strip off its original protective barrier and affect the edible quality. As one of the preservation methods, tea tree essential oil (TTEO) has the characteristics of being green, safe, and efficient preservative properties.

Microbiome-metabolomics-based insight into the protective effects of dietary fiber from sweetpotato residues on the high-fat diet-induced intestinal integrity damage.

Dietary fibers have attracted much attention due to their multiple benefits on gut health. In this work, the protective mechanism of dietary fiber from sweetpotato residues (SRDF) on the high-fat diet (HFD)-induced intestinal barrier injury was investigated using microbiome-metabolomics-based approach. The physicochemical property analysis demonstrated a thermal stability below 200 °C and porous pectin-polysaccharide structure of SRDF with high in vitro functional activities.

FAK loss reduces BRAF-induced ERK phosphorylation to promote intestinal stemness and cecal tumor formation.

mutation is a driver mutation in the serrated pathway to colorectal cancers. BRAF drives tumorigenesis through constitutive downstream extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) activation, but high-intensity ERK activation can also trigger tumor suppression. Whether and how oncogenic ERK signaling can be intrinsically adjusted to a 'just-right' level optimal for tumorigenesis remains undetermined.

Understanding and alleviating informal caregiver burden through the development and validation of a caregiver strain index-based model in Taiwan.

Background: Quantifying the informal caregiver burden is important for understanding the risk factors associated with caregiver overload and for evaluating the effectiveness of services provided in Long-term Care (LTC).

Objective: This study aimed to develop and validate a Caregiver Strain Index (CSI)-based score for quantifying the informal caregiver burden, while the original dataset did not fully cover evaluation items commonly included in international assessments. Subsequently, we utilized the CSI-based score to pinpoint key caregiver burden risk factors, examine the initial timing of LTC services adoption, and assess the impact of LTC services on reducing caregiver burden.

Pharmacological suppression of the OTUD4/CD73 proteolytic axis revives antitumor immunity against immune-suppressive breast cancers.

Despite widespread utilization of immunotherapy, treating immune-cold tumors remains a challenge. Multiomic analyses and experimental validation identified the OTUD4/CD73 proteolytic axis as a promising target in treating immune-suppressive triple negative breast cancer (TNBC). Mechanistically, deubiquitylation of CD73 by OTUD4 counteracted its ubiquitylation by TRIM21, resulting in CD73 stabilization inhibiting tumor immune responses.

Measuring the composition of the tumor microenvironment with transcriptome analysis: past, present and future.

Interactions between tumor cells and immune cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME) play a vital role the mechanisms of immune evasion, by which cancer cells escape immune elimination. Thus, the characterization and quantification of different components in the TME is a hot topic in molecular biology and drug discovery. Since the development of transcriptome sequencing in bulk tissue, single cells and spatial dimensions, there are increasing methods emerging to deconvolute and subtype the TME.

Machine Learning Predicts Oxaliplatin Benefit in Early Colon Cancer.

Purpose: A combination of fluorouracil, leucovorin, and oxaliplatin (FOLFOX) is the standard for adjuvant therapy of resected early-stage colon cancer (CC). Oxaliplatin leads to lasting and disabling neurotoxicity. Reserving the regimen for patients who benefit from oxaliplatin would maximize efficacy and minimize unnecessary adverse side effects.

Tea Polyphenols Inhibit the Occurrence of Enzymatic Browning in Fresh-Cut Potatoes by Regulating Phenylpropanoid and ROS Metabolism.

During fresh-cut processing, potatoes lose their inherent protective cellular structure, leading to enzymatic browning that compromises sensory and edible quality. Tea polyphenols (TPs), natural preservatives with potent reducing properties, are hypothesized to impact this browning process. However, their influence and regulatory mechanism on the enzymatic browning of fresh-cut potatoes remain poorly understood.

Advanced LD pumped 3.3 J/1 Hz nanosecond Nd:glass preamplifier for SG-II upgrade laser facility.

We demonstrate a laser-diode-pumped multipass Nd:glass laser amplifier with a range of advanced characteristics. The amplifier exhibits high extraction efficiency, enables arbitrary shaping of spatial beam intensity, and effectively suppresses frequency modulation to amplitude modulation conversion. Our approach achieves excellent beam quality via thermal lensing and thermal depolarization compensation.

[Comparison of posterolateral approach and combined approach in treatment of Mason type 2B posterior malleolar fracture].

Objective: To compare the effectiveness between the posterolateral approach and the posterolateral combined posteromedial approaches in the treatment of Mason type 2B posterior malleolar fracture.

Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed on the clinical data of 79 patients with posterior ankle fracture who met the selection criteria between January 2015 and January 2022. There were 62 cases of Mason 2B Pilon subtype and 17 cases of avulsion subtype.

An individualized Bayesian method for estimating genomic variants of hypertension.

Background: Genomic variants of the disease are often discovered nowadays through population-based genome-wide association studies (GWAS). Identifying genomic variations potentially underlying a phenotype, such as hypertension, in an individual is important for designing personalized treatment; however, population-level models, such as GWAS, may not capture all the important, individualized factors well. In addition, GWAS typically requires a large sample size to detect the association of low-frequency genomic variants with sufficient power.

Predicting Long-Term Care Service Demands for Cancer Patients: A Machine Learning Approach.

Background: Long-term care (LTC) service demands among cancer patients are significantly understudied, leading to gaps in healthcare resource allocation and policymaking.

Objective: This study aimed to predict LTC service demands for cancer patients and identify the crucial factors.

Methods: 3333 cases of cancers were included.

scGEM: Unveiling the Nested Tree-Structured Gene Co-Expressing Modules in Single Cell Transcriptome Data.

Background: Single-cell transcriptome analysis has fundamentally changed biological research by allowing higher-resolution computational analysis of individual cells and subsets of cell types. However, few methods have met the need to recognize and quantify the underlying cellular programs that determine the specialization and differentiation of the cell types.

Methods: In this study, we present scGEM, a nested tree-structured nonparametric Bayesian model, to reveal the gene co-expression modules (GEMs) reflecting transcriptome processes in single cells.

Amphiregulin couples IL1RL1 regulatory T cells and cancer-associated fibroblasts to impede antitumor immunity.

Regulatory T (T) cells and cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) jointly promote tumor immune tolerance and tumorigenesis. The molecular apparatus that drives T cell and CAF coordination in the tumor microenvironment (TME) remains elusive. Interleukin 33 (IL-33) has been shown to enhance fibrosis and IL1RL1 T cell accumulation during tumorigenesis and tissue repair.