Pixel-Level Recognition of Trace Mycotoxins in Red Ginseng Based on Hyperspectral Imaging Combined with 1DCNN-Residual-BiLSTM-Attention Model.

Red ginseng is widely used in food and pharmaceuticals due to its significant nutritional value. However, during the processing and storage of red ginseng, it is susceptible to grow mold and produce mycotoxins, generating security issues. This study proposes a novel approach using hyperspectral imaging technology and a 1D-convolutional neural network-residual-bidirectional-long short-term memory attention mechanism (1DCNN-ResBiLSTM-Attention) for pixel-level mycotoxin recognition in red ginseng.

An effective and comprehensive optimization strategy for preparing Ginkgo biloba leaf extract enriched in shikimic acid by macroporous resin column chromatography.

Introduction: Previously reported preparation methods of Ginkgo biloba leaf extract (EGBL) have mainly focused on the enrichment of flavonoid glycosides (FG) and terpene trilactones (TT), which led to the underutilization of G. biloba leaves (GBL).

Objectives: To make full use of GBL, in this study, a comprehensive optimization strategy for preparing EGBL by macroporous resin column chromatography was proposed and applied to enrich FG, TT, and shikimic acid (SA) from GBL.

Preparation of Compound - Nanoemulsion Gel and Its Effect on Hypertrophic Scars in the Rabbit Ear Model.

Hypertrophic scars (HS) still remain an urgent challenge in the medical community. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has unique advantages in the treatment of HS. However, due to the natural barrier of the skin, it is difficult for the natural active components of TCM to more effectively penetrate the skin and exert therapeutic effects.

Analytical quality by design based on knowledge organization: A case study of developing an ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography method for the detection of phenolic compounds.

Introduction: Despite numerous successful cases, there are still some challenges in using analytical quality by design (AQbD) for the development of analytical methods. Knowledge organization helps to enhance the objectivity of risk assessment, reduce the number of preliminary exploratory experiments, identify potential critical method parameters (CMPs) and their scope.

Objective: In the present study, we aimed to develop a simple, rapid, and robust analytical method for detecting phenolic compounds in Xiaochaihu capsule intermediates utilizing knowledge organization.

Improving the geographical origin classification of (licorice) through hyperspectral imaging assisted by U-Net fine structure recognition.

(licorice) is extensively employed in traditional Chinese medicine, and serves as a crucial raw material in industries such as food and cosmetics. The quality of licorice from different origins varies greatly, so classification of its geographical origin is particularly important. This study proposes a technique for fine structure recognition and segmentation of hyperspectral images of licorice using deep learning U-Net neural networks to segment the tissue structure patterns (phloem, xylem, and pith).

An optimization strategy for charged aerosol detection to linearize the detector response in the multicomponent quantitative analysis of Qishen Yiqi dripping pills.

Charged aerosol detection, increasingly recognized for quantifying pharmaceutical compounds with weak ultraviolet absorption, is a universal detection technique for high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Charged aerosol detection shows a non-linear response with increasing analyte concentration over a wide range, limiting its versatility in various analytical applications. In this work, a co-optimization strategy for power function value (PFV) and power laws was proposed and applied to broaden the linear range of the standard curve of saccharides in Qishen Yiqi dripping pills using the HPLC-charged aerosol detection (HPLC-CAD) method.

QbD-Guided Traditional Chinese Medicine Manufacturing Process: Development and Optimization of Fluid-Bed Granulation and Drying Processes for Xiaochaihu Capsules.

Traditional methods of producing Xiaochaihu (XCH) capsules, a traditional Chinese medicine, are time-consuming, costly, and labor-intensive, which is not conductive to modernizing TCM. To address the challenges, new fluid-bed granulation and drying processes with water as the binder were developed and optimized guided by the principles of Quality by Design (QbD) in this study. Ishikawa diagram was applied to conduct a preliminary risk assessment, followed by 6-factor definitive screening design (DSD) serving as a QbD statistical tool to develop and optimize the new processes.

Applications of Hyperspectral Imaging Technology Combined with Machine Learning in Quality Control of Traditional Chinese Medicine from the Perspective of Artificial Intelligence: A Review.

Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is the treasure of China, and the quality control of TCM is of crucial importance. In recent years, with the quick rise of artificial intelligence (AI) and the rapid development of hyperspectral imaging (HSI) technology, the combination of the two has been widely used in the quality evaluation of TCM. Machine learning (ML) is the core wisdom of AI, and its progress in rapid analysis and higher accuracy improves the potential of applying HSI to the field of TCM.

Mechanism modeling and application of Salvia miltiorrhiza percolation process.

Percolation is a common extraction method of food processing industry. In this work, taking the percolation extraction of salvianolic acid B from Salvia miltiorrhiza (Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma) as an example, the percolation mechanism model was derived. The volume partition coefficient was calculated according to the impregnation.

Recognition of the rhizome of red ginseng based on spectral-image dual-scale digital information combined with intelligent algorithms.

Red ginseng is a widely used and extensively researched food and medicinal product with high nutritional value, derived from steamed fresh ginseng. The components in various parts of red ginseng differ significantly, resulting in distinct pharmacological activities and efficacies. This study proposed to establish a hyperspectral imaging technology combined with intelligent algorithms for the recognition of different parts of red ginseng based on the dual-scale of spectrum and image information.

The Discrimination and Characterization of Volatile Organic Compounds in Different Areas of Pericarps and Leaves by HS-GC-IMS and HS-SPME-GC-MS.

The pericarps of (ZBP) and leaves of (ZBL) are popular spices in China, and they have pharmacological activities as well. In this experiment, the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) of the pericarps of in Sichuan (SJ) and its leaves (SJY) and the pericarps of in Shaanxi (SHJ) and its leaves (SHJY) were analyzed by headspace-gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry (HS-GC-IMS) and headspace solid phase microextraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HS-SPME-GC-MS). The fingerprint of HS-GC-IMS and the heat maps of HS-SPME-GC-MS were established.

Discussion on several statistical problems in establishing quality standards of standard decoctions.

Since 2016, a number of studies have been published on standard decoctions used in Chinese medicine. However, there is little research on statistical issues related to establishing the quality standards for standard decoctions. In view of the currently established quality standard methods for standard decoctions, an improvement scheme is proposed from a statistical perspective.

Process optimization for the synthesis of functionalized Au@AgNPs for specific detection of Hg based on quality by design (QbD).

The current study highlights the advantages of using the quality by design (QbD) approach to synthesise and optimize SERS substrates for the detection of Hg. Considering that the performance of Au@AgNPs is affected by many factors, Plackett-Burman (PB) experimental design was used to determine the critical process parameters (CPPs) for evaluating the performance of Au@AgNPs. The quantitative relationships between the CPPs and the critical quality attributes (CQAs) were assessed by Box-Behnken Design (BBD).

Near-infrared spectroscopy and HPLC combined with chemometrics for comprehensive evaluation of six organic acids in Ginkgo biloba leaf extract.

Objectives: To investigate the feasibility of using near-infrared spectroscopy for rapid determination of main organic acids in Ginkgo biloba leaf extract (EGBL).

Methods: Main organic acids in EGBL were assayed using the HPLC method. Critical factors of the chromatographic separation were optimized by a novel analytical quality by design approach.

Establishing a chromatographic fingerprint using tandem UV/charged aerosol detection and similarity analysis for Shengmai capsule: A novel method for natural product quality control.

Introduction: Shengmai San, a well-known traditional Chinese medicine formula, is used to treat coronary heart diseases and myocardial infarction. The complex composition and complicated mechanism of the Shengmai preparations bring a significant challenge in the development of a suitable quality control method.

Objectives: This work aims to establish a chromatographic fingerprinting method and propose a weighting algorithm for application in fingerprint similarity analysis to ensure consistent quality of the Shengmai capsule.

Determination of inhibitory activity of extracts on xanthine oxidase with a paper-based analytical device.

A novel paper-based analytical device (PAD) was prepared and applied to determine the xanthine oxidase (XOD) inhibitory activity of extracts (SME). First, polycaprolactone was 3D printed on filter paper and heated to form hydrophobic barriers. Then the modified paper was cut according to the specific design.

Liquid chromatographic study of two structural isomeric pentacyclic triterpenes on reversed-phase stationary phase with hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin as mobile phase additive.

Retention behavior of two structural isomeric pentacyclic triterpenic acids, maslinic acid and corosolic acid, was investigated by reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HP-β-CD) as mobile phase additive. Inclusion complexation of maslinic acid, corosolic acid with hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin was evaluated under different concentration of hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin. Apparent formation constant (K) between methanol and hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin was determined to be 13.

[Definitive screening design combined with design space for optimizing purification process of Scutellariae Radix extract].

In the pharmacopoeia, many process parameters for the purification process of Scutellariae Radix are unclear. In this study, deterministic screening design combined with design space method was used to optimize the purification process of Scutellariae Radix extract. Nine method parameters such as mass fraction of solution(X_1), first acid precipitation pH(X_2) and first holding time(X_3) in the purification process were firstly studied by definitive screening design.

Development of an HPLC-MS method for the determination of four terpene trilactones in Ginkgo biloba leaf extract via quality by design.

Previously reported HPLC-evaporative light scattering detection methods for terpene trilactone determination in Ginkgo biloba leaf extract (EGBL) have complicated sample preparation steps and are time-consuming. Thus, in this work, an HPLC-MS method for the determination of terpene trilactones in EGBL was developed with a novel analytical quality by design approach to provide robust and simple measurements. For this purpose, analytical target profiles and systematic risk analyses were performed to identify potential critical method attributes and critical method parameters.

A simple and effective method for the preparation of high-purity shikimic acid from chromatography wash effluent of Ginkgo biloba leaf extract by macroporous resin considering the effect of varying feed solution compositions.

Objectives: The present study investigated the feasibility of preparing high-purity shikimic acid (SA) from the chromatography wash effluent of Ginkgo biloba leaf extract by macroporous resin.

Methods: First, static/dynamic adsorption and desorption were conducted to screen out the optimal resin. Second, the key parameters of the chromatographic process were optimised with face-centred central composite design (CCD).

Establishment and validation of the quantitative analysis of multi-components by single marker for the quality control of Qishen Yiqi dripping pills by high-performance liquid chromatography with charged aerosol detection.

Introduction: Charged aerosol detection (CAD) has the merits of high sensitivity, high universality and response uniformity. The strategy that combines the quantitative analysis of multi-components by single marker (QAMS) with CAD has certain advantages for the quantification of multi-components. However, relevant research was limited.

Optimization of membrane dispersion ethanol precipitation process with a set of temperature control improved equipment.

Ethanol precipitation is an important separation and purification process in the traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) industry. In the present study, a membrane dispersion micromixer was applied to achieve good mixing for the ethanol precipitation process of Astragali radix concentrate. New experimental apparatus was set up to rapidly lower the temperature of ethanol solution before mixing with the concentrate.

Research progress on the ethanol precipitation process of traditional Chinese medicine.

Ethanol precipitation is a purification process widely used in the purification of Chinese medicine concentrates. This article reviews the research progress on the process mechanism of ethanol precipitation, ethanol precipitation process application for bioactive component purification, ethanol precipitation and traditional Chinese medicine quality, ethanol precipitation equipment, critical parameters, parameter research methods, process modeling and calculation methods, and process monitoring technology. This review proposes that ethanol precipitation technology should be further developed in terms of five aspects, namely, an in-depth study of the mechanism, further study of the effects on traditional Chinese medicine quality, improvement of the quality control of concentrates, development of new process detection methods, and development of a complete intelligent set of equipment.

[Research progress on percolation extraction process of traditional Chinese medicines].

Percolation extraction is a conventional extraction method used in the processing of traditional Chinese medicines. After medicinal material powder is placed in a percolation tank, the extraction solvent is continuously added, and percolation extract is collected simultaneously. The percolation equipment is simple.

Liquid-liquid chromatography in sample pretreatment for quantitative analysis of trace component in traditional Chinese medicines by conventional liquid chromatography.

A method for sample pretreatment using liquid-liquid chromatography combined with a conventional liquid chromatography was developed for quantitative determination of trace chemical component in traditional Chinese medicine. The main effective component, wilforlide A, in the traditional Chinese medicinal herb Tripterygium wilfordii as well as in its Chinese patent medicine glycosides tablets was successfully determined after sample pretreatment by liquid-liquid chromatography. A biphasic solvent system n-hexane-ethyl acetate-ethanol-water (6:4:6:4, v/v) was screened for crude sample treatment by liquid-liquid chromatography.