Intraspecific Differentiation of (Styracaceae) as Revealed by Comparative Chloroplast and Evolutionary Analyses.

is a medicinal and ornamental shrub belonging to the Styracaceae family. To explore the diversity and characteristics of the chloroplast genome of , we conducted sequencing and comparison of the chloroplast genomes of four naturally distributed . The results demonstrated that the four chloroplast genomes (157,914-157,962 bp) exhibited a typical quadripartite structure consisting of a large single copy (LSC) region, a small single copy (SSC) region, and a pair of reverse repeats (IRa and IRb), and the structure was highly conserved.

Photo-induced C(sp)-H difluoroalkylation of anilines.

A photoinduced protocol for the direct difluoroalkylation of C(sp)-H bonds in anilines under catalyst-free reaction conditions is presented. This transformation is characterized by a wide substrate scope, mild reaction conditions, and operational simplicity, and could serve as an alternative tool to established methods for the synthesis of difluoroalkylated anilines. Mechanistic studies suggest the formation of an electron-donor-acceptor (EDA) complex between anilines and difluoroalkyl bromides in this reaction.

Photoinduced Borylation of the Inert C(sp)-O Bond of Alkyl Heteroaryl Ethers.

A photoinduced reductive C-O borylation of alkyl heteroaryl ethers with very negative reduction potential in the presence of 4-dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP) and bis(catecholato)diborane(Bcat) was developed. Despite the high reducing power, various substrates with liable functional groups were well-tolerated as well as ethers derived from natural products and medicinal-relevant compounds. Mechanistic investigation implied that an intra-single electron transfer process in an electron donor-acceptor complex formed from ethers with the adduct of Bcat and DMAP should be involved.

In situ generation of electrophilic trifluoromethylthio reagents for enantioselective trifluoromethylthiolation of oxindoles.

An organocatalytic asymmetric trifluoromethylthiolation reaction via in situ generation of active electrophilic trifluoromethylthio species involving trichloroisocyanuric acid and AgSCF3 as a practical and easily handled electrophilic SCF3 source for CSP(3)-SCF3 bond formation was developed. Reactions with this one-pot version strategy occurred in good yields and excellent stereoselectivities to access enantiopure oxindoles bearing a SCF3-substituted quaternary chiral center. The straightforward process described here makes use of simple starting materials and proceeds under mild conditions, which will be useful in medicinal chemistry and diversity-oriented syntheses.

[Modification of the method for preparing rabbit liver VX2 tumor model and its MRI findings].

Objective: To improve the method for preparing rabbit VX2 liver tumor model and observe the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) features of the implanted tumors.

Methods: Sixteen adult New Zealand white rabbits were assigned randomly into 4 equal groups, and VX2 tumor tissues were implanted into the right and left liver lobes with spiral CT guidance. Plain and contrast-enhanced MR scan and pathological analysis were performed in different stages (14, 18, 22 and 26 days) after tumor implantation.