Switchable reflection/transmission utilizing polarization on a plasmonic structure consisting of self-assembly polystyrene spheres with silver patches.

We report a plasmonic structure for switchable reflection and transmission by polarization. The structure is composed of a hexagonal-packed polystyrene sphere array with silver patches on them. Simulations and experiments demonstrated that the conversions between reflected beams and transmitted ones can be performed when the polarization directions of incident beams vary from 0° to 90°.

Integrity of the blood-testis barrier in healthy men after suppression of spermatogenesis with testosterone and levonorgestrel.

Study Question: Do exogenous male hormonal contraceptives that suppress intratesticular testosterone and spermatogenesis interfere with the blood-testis barrier integrity in men?

Summary Answer: When spermatogenesis was suppressed by testosterone alone or combined with levonorgestrel (LNG) treatment in men, the structural appearance of Sertoli cell tight junctions remained intact in the human testis.

What Is Already Known: Testosterone promotes the integrity of the blood-testis barrier. Intratesticular androgen deprivation induced by exogenous testosterone plus a progestin to suppress spermatogenesis in a contraceptive regimen may disturb the structural and functional integrity of the blood-testis barrier.

Anatomy of the transversus nuchae muscle and its relationship with the superficial musculoaponeurotic system.

Background: Previous studies have proved the existence of muscle fibers in the superficial musculoaponeurotic system (SMAS) of the parotid and masseter region; however, no studies have investigated the origination of the muscle fibers in the SMAS. Theoretically speaking, the muscle fibers within the SMAS in the parotid and masseter region might originate from a certain muscle with a definite origin and insertion. Based on this hypothesis, the authors' study investigated the origination of the muscle fibers in the SMAS of the parotid and masseter region to provide anatomical evidence that can improve our understanding of the SMAS.

[A study on population-based prenatal screening and diagnosis of Down's syndrome in Jiangsu province].

Objective: To screen and diagnose Down's syndrome during mid-term pregnancy to reduce the number of babies with Down's syndrome.

Methods: With the multi-level of stratified cluster sampling, twenty thousand and eight hundred and three women at 15-20 weeks gestation were screened by maternal serum AFP and beta-hCG using the time resolved fluoroimmunoassay (TRFIA). Then the screened high-risk women were diagnosed by amniocentesis, cell culture and chromosome analyses.

(3S,4R)-3-Ethyl-4-hydr-oxy-3-(3-methoxy-phen-yl)-1-methyl-azepanium (2R,3R)-2,3-bis-(benzo-yloxy)-3-carboxy-propionate.

The crystal structure of the title compound, C(16)H(26)NO(2) (+)·C(18)H(13)O(8) (-), is stabilized by an extensive network of classical N-H⋯O and O-H⋯O hydrogen bonding. The crystal structure also shows an ammonium-driven diastereo-isomerism.

[Long-term toxicity of Shen Yan Ling tablet and its effect on male reproductive function in rats].

Objective: Shen Yan Ling Tablet is an innovative compound of traditional Chinese medicine, scientifically prepared with Tripterygium wilfordii, Radix Astragali, and others, with precise efficacy on renal diseases and reduced adverse effects of Tripterygium wilfordii. Based on the Guiding Principles for New Drug Toxicity Research Before Clinical Application, we investigated the long-term toxicity of Shen Yan Ling Tablet and its effect on the reproductive function in rats.

Methods: According to the clinical therapeutic dose and the results of the acute toxicity test of Shen Yan Ling Tablet, we equally divided 80 rats (males and females half-and-half) into a low-dose (1.

Highly selective and potent mu opioid ligands by unexpected substituent on morphine skeleton.

Unexpected substituent on the well-known morphine skeleton is described to be account for highly selective and potent mu opioid ligands, which is strongly connected to substituted aromatic groups on this omitted 8alpha-position.

Levonorgestrel enhances spermatogenesis suppression by testosterone with greater alteration in testicular gene expression in men.

Prior studies have demonstrated that combined treatment of testosterone with a progestin induces a more rapid and greater suppression of spermatogenesis than testosterone treatment alone. We hypothesized that the suppressive effects of the combination of testosterone undecanoate (TU) injections plus oral levonorgestrel (LNG) on spermatogenesis may be mediated through a greater perturbation of testicular gene expression than TU alone. To test this hypothesis, we performed open testicular biopsy on 12 different adult healthy subjects: 1) four healthy men as controls; 2) four men 2 wk after TU treatment; and 3) four men 2 wk after TU + LNG administration.

[Changes of semen parameters in Chinese fertile men in the past 25 years].

Objective: To analyze the changes of seminal parameters in Chinese fertile men during the past 25 years.

Methods: We collected semen samples from 5,834 fertile men in 14 different provinces (including Beijing) between 1980 and 2005 and retrospectively studied their seminal parameters, abstinence durations and total testis volumes by meta-analysis.

Results: Compared with the first 15 years, a significant decrease was observed in both sperm density and total number of sperm per ejaculate in the semen samples collected between 1996-2000 (P < 0.

Determinants of the rate and extent of spermatogenic suppression during hormonal male contraception: an integrated analysis.

Context: Male hormonal contraceptive methods require effective suppression of sperm output.

Objective: The objective of the study was to define the covariables that influence the rate and extent of suppression of spermatogenesis to a level shown in previous World Health Organization-sponsored studies to be sufficient for contraceptive purposes (< or =1 million/ml).

Design: This was an integrated analysis of all published male hormonal contraceptive studies of at least 3 months' treatment duration.

(3S,4S)-3-Ethyl-4-hydr-oxy-3-(3-methoxy-phen-yl)-1-methyl-azepan-1-ium d-tartrate dihydrate.

In the title compound, C(16)H(26)NO(2) (+)·C(4)H(5)O(6) (-)·2H(2)O, a meptaz-inol derivative, three C atoms of the azepane ring are disordered over two positions, with site-occupancy factors of 0.80 and 0.20; the major disorder component adopts a twist-chair conformation, while the minor component has a chair conformation.

transient scrotal hyperthermia and levonorgestrel enhance testosterone-induced spermatogenesis suppression in men through increased germ cell apoptosis.

Context: In rodents and monkeys, a combination of hormonal and physical agents accelerates germ cell death.

Objective: A "proof of concept" study was performed to investigate whether addition of heat exposure or a progestin to an androgen induces germ cell death and more complete and rapid spermatogenesis suppression.

Design And Settings: A randomized clinical trial was performed at academic medical centers.

Conformational re-analysis of (+)-meptazinol: an opioid with mixed analgesic pharmacophores.

Aim: To further investigate the analgesic pharmacophore of (+)-meptazinol.

Methods: Two different opioid pharmacophores, Pharm-I and Pharm-II, were established from structures of nine typical opiates and meperidine by using molecular modeling approaches according to their different structure activity relationship properties. They were further validated by a set of conformationally constrained arylpiperidines.

The frontal-temporal nerve triangle: a new concept of locating the motor and sensory nerves in upper third of the face rhytidectomy.

Background: How to avoid damage to the temporal branch of the facial nerve has long been a central topic of discussion. Recently, damage to the supraorbital nerve, the auriculotemporal nerve, and other branches of the trigeminal nerve divisions has attracted much attention. Focusing on frontal and temporal rhytidectomy, the authors have investigated the course and distribution of the facial nerve branches, the supraorbital nerve, the auriculotemporal nerve, and other branches of trigeminal division.

Investigation of the binding mode of (-)-meptazinol and bis-meptazinol derivatives on acetylcholinesterase using a molecular docking method.

Molecular docking has been performed to investigate the binding mode of (-)-meptazinol (MEP) with acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and to screen bis-meptazinol (bis-MEP) derivatives for preferable synthetic candidates virtually. A reliable and practical docking method for investigation of AChE ligands was established by the comparison of two widely used docking programs, FlexX and GOLD. In our hands, we had more luck using GOLD than FlexX in reproducing the experimental poses of known ligands (RMSD<1.

QSAR study of 4-phenylpiperidine derivatives as mu opioid agonists by neural network method.

A nonlinear QSAR study was conducted on a series of 4-phenylpiperidine derivatives (4PPs) acting as mu opioid agonists by three-layer back-propagation neural network (NN) method. At first a variety of molecular descriptors were calculated and then selected with two-stage least squares combining partial least squares (PLS) method. The selected four molecular descriptors, out of 292 ones, were correlated with the known analgesic activities of 38 4PPs by NN method.

[Effect of large-dosage of 5alpha-reductase inhibitors on the spermatogenesis of male rats].

Objective: To identify the role of 5alpha-reductase in the spermatogenesis of male rats by studying the effect of two 5alpha-reductase inhibitors, Epristeride and Finasteride, on the spermatogenesis in male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats.

Methods: Changes in the weight of the testis, serum testosterone and dihydrotestosterone levels, epididymal sperm count, and reproductive function were observed and analyzed after the two 5alpha-reductase inhibitors were administered to male SD rats orally.

Results: The experiment showed that in comparison with control animals, both the two 5alpha-reductase inhibitors: 1.

[Experiment on the sexual virility of immature mice immunized with LHRH fusion protein vaccine].

Objective: To observe the sexual virility of immature immature male mice were divided into a pre-ablactation group (n 10). The first two groups were immunized with the LHRH fusion proportion of pregnant female mice, the morphological and histological examined to conform the emasculating effect of the vaccine. When ted with testosterone (1.

Using the frontal branch of the superficial temporal artery as a landmark for locating the course of the temporal branch of the facial nerve during rhytidectomy: an anatomical study.

Background: Previous studies have proposed that the frontal branch of the superficial temporal artery could be used to determine the course of the temporal branch of the facial nerve; however, these studies have not documented this relationship. The objective of this study was to thoroughly examine the courses of the frontal branch and temporal branch in the temporal region and to describe their relationship in detail. The operating technique used to avoid damaging the temporal branch in the rhytidectomy also is discussed.

[Effect of selective 5alpha-reductase inhibitor or/and testosterone undecanoate on the reproductive function of male rats].

Objective: To investigate whether 5alpha-reductase inhibitor and dihydrotestosterone (DHT) play a role in spermatogenesis in male rats.

Methods: Thirty-two male rats were divided into 4 groups (Groups C, T, F and FT). Group C received plant oil injection and oral starch perfusion, Group T testosterone undecanoate (TU, 20 mg/kg) injection and oral starch perfusion, Group F plant oil injection and oral Finasteride perfusion, and Group FT TU (20 mg/kg) injection and oral Finasteride perfusion.

Quantitative (stereological) study of incomplete spermatogenic suppression induced by testosterone undecanoate injection in rats.

Aim: To evaluate the key lesions in spermatogenesis suppressed partially by testosterone undecanoate (TU) treatment.

Methods: Adult male SD rats were treated with vehicle or TU (19 mg/kg) injection (i.m.

Male hormonal contraception: effects of injections of testosterone undecanoate and depot medroxyprogesterone acetate at eight-week intervals in chinese men.

Surveys indicate that one form of acceptable male hormonal contraception would consist of injections given at 2- to 3-month intervals. This report describes a study of depot medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA) and testosterone undecanoate (TU) injected at 8-wk intervals for suppression of spermatogenesis in healthy Chinese men. After screening, 30 healthy volunteers were enrolled and randomly assigned to one of three dose groups (n = 10/group): 1000 mg TU (group A); 1000 mg TU plus 150 mg DMPA (group B); 1000 mg TU plus 300 mg DMPA (group C).

[Applied anatomic study on blood supply for extracranial segment of facial nerve].

Objective: To explore the arterial origin and the distribution of the extracranial branches of the facial nerve.

Methods: Red latex or red chlorinated polyvinyl chloride was injected into the arteries of 15 fresh adult head specimens by both common carotid artery catheterization. The arterial origin and distribution of the extracranial branches of the facial nerve were observed.

[Study of three-dimensional reconstruction of digitized virtual hepatic images].

Objective: To study the methods of three-dimensional reconstruction of digitized virtual hepatic.

Methods: Images of DSCF 2511-2520 were taken from the database of digitized Virtual Chinese Human female No. 1 (VCH-F1).

[Observation of blood supplies system to mandible in transparent specimen].

Objective: To search for a direct observation method in blood supply system of mandible.

Methods: Six specimens of mandible were made transparent specimens after the vascular system was perfused with Chinese ink from the common carotid artery, and the blood supply system of mandible were observed and analyzed.

Results: The distribution of mandibular arteries was distinctly demonstrated in transparent specimens.