A novel sustained-release agent based on disulfide-induced recombinant collagen hydrogels for the prevention and treatment of infections.

Schistosomiasis is commonly managed using the praziquantel, but it is only effective against adult worms and duration of action is short. Liver fibrosis will worsen if eggs are still present after stopping treatment. Therefore, this study aimed to develop a sustained drug release system for effectively preventing and treating schistosomiasis.

Molluscicide screening and identification of novel targets against Pomacea canaliculata.

Background: Owing to the nonavailability of any clear targets for molluscicides against Pomacea canaliculata, target-based screening strategy cannot be employed. In this study, the molluscicidal effects of typical pesticides on P. canaliculata were evaluated to obtain the molluscicide target.

A Novel Gelatin-Based Sustained-Release Molluscicide for Control of the Invasive Agricultural Pest and Disease Vector .

, one of the 100 most destructive invasive species in the world, and it is an important intermediate host of . The molluscicides in current use are an effective method for controlling snails. However, most molluscicides have no slow-release effect and are toxic to nontarget organisms.

Evaluation of the molluscicidal activities of arylpyrrole on , the intermediate host of .

The snail is the only intermediate host of the highly invasive parasite . Molluscicide is often used to curb transmission of . Niclosamide, the only World Health Organization (WHO) recognized molluscicide, presents major drawbacks, including high cost and toxicity towards aquatic animals.

Discovery and Validation of a Novel Target of Molluscicides against Oncomelania hupensis, the Intermediate Host of Schistosoma japonicum.

In this study, 196 strains of actinomycetes isolated from marshland soil samples were tested for molluscicidal activity against Oncomelania hupensis. Five strains demonstrated molluscicidal activity, of which the molluscicidal efficiency of Actinomycetes strain A183 was the maximum. After the fermentation supernatant of actinomycetes A183 was extracted with ethyl acetate (EWEA), the LC50 of the EWEA after leaching for 48 h and 72 h were 0.

[Study on biological characteristics: reproduction and viability of as an intermediate host of ].

Objective: To compare the difference of fertility of snails between self-fertilization and cross-fertilization and to observe the circadian rhythm of laying eggs, the effect of light on laying eggs and the tolerance of the snail to water and food deficiency, so as to provide the evidence for control and elimination of snails in the field.

Methods: Under laboratory conditions, a single egg for self-fertilization was separated and hatched individually, and young snails were raised in different plastic boxes individually. The eggs for cross-fertilization were hatched and the young snails were fed in the same plastic box.

[Studies on resistance of to praziquantel XVII Biological characteristics of praziquantel-resistant isolates of in mice].

Objective: To investigate the biological characteristics of the praziquantel-resistant isolate of in mice, so as to explore the pathogenicity to definitive hosts and transmission intensity of the praziquantel-resistant isolate of .

Methods: Mice were infected with the cercariae released from two praziquantel-resistant isolates and two praziquantel-susceptible isolates of . The mouse- snail-mouse cycle was established and maintained in the laboratory.

[Studies on resistance of to praziquantel XⅥ Biological characteristics of praziquantel-resistant isolates of in snails].

Objective: To investigate the difference of biological characteristics between the praziquantel-resistant and -susceptible isolates of in intermediate host snails.

Methods: Mice were infected with cercariae of praziquantel-resistant and -susceptible isolates of , and the parasite eggs were collected 37 days post-infection to hatch miracidium. Then, the snails were infected with the miracidium of each parasite isolate.

[Advances in researches of biogenic molluscicides].

Biogenic molluscicides refer to the use of plants, animals and micro-organisms or their metabolites, and synthesis biomimetic molluscicides to kill snails. With the rapid development of science and technology, new biogenic molluscicides are continuously emerging and the category also continues to expand. According to the molluscicidal active ingredient and sources, at present, the biogenic molluscicides with in-depth studies include plant-derived molluscicides, micro-organism molluscicides, microbial metabolite molluscicides and animal molluscicides.

Evaluation of protective efficacy induced by different heterologous prime-boost strategies encoding triosephosphate isomerase against Schistosoma japonicum in mice.

Background: In China, schistosomiasis japonica is a predominant zoonotic disease, and animal reservoir hosts in the environment largely sustain infections. The development of transmission-blocking veterinary vaccines is urgently needed for the prevention and efficient control of schistosomiasis. Heterologous prime-boost strategy is more effective than traditional vaccination and homologous prime-boost strategies against multiple pathogens infection.

[Role of goat in transmission of schistosomiasis japonica III Effect of temperature and humidity on survival of eggs in goat feces and egg survival in natural environments].

Objective: To investigate the survival of Schistosoma japonicum eggs in goat feces in natural marshlands and the factors affecting its survival, so as to provide evidences for understanding of the role of eggs in goat feces in the transmission of schistosomiasis and the development of the interventions pertaining to disease control and elimination.

Methods: The goat animals of schistosomiasis japonica were modeled in laboratory, and the feces of infected goat were collected. In laboratory, the effects of environmental temperature and water content in goat feces on egg hatching were evaluated, and in the field, the effect of duration of goat feces on marshland on egg hatching and the effect of direct sunshine on egg survival were evaluated.

[Role of goat in transmission of schistosomiasis japonica III Development of goat feces collector and optimization of fecal hatching technique].

Objective: To develop a simple, feasible goat feces collector to improve the collection accuracy and integrity of goat fecal samples without pollution, and to modify the miracidium hatching test with a plastic tube to achieve simple, standard and comparative procedures, so as to provide technical support for pathogenic diagnosis and scientific research of goat schistosomiasis japonica.

Methods: According to the body features of goat in marshland regions, a goat fecal collector, which was made of coarse fabric cottons, was devised, which was able to be fixed onto the goat buttocks and avoid urine pollution. Prior to miracidium hatching test, the goat fecal samples were pieced by using a mechanical method instead of the conventional artificial piecing method, and the effect of mechanical piecing treatment on miracidium hatching was evaluated.

[Role of goat in transmission of schistosomiasis japonica III Environmental contamination by goat feces and prediction of environments at high risk of infection].

Objective: To quantitatively estimate the range and area of environmental contamination by the feces of -infected that were freely grazed, so as to provide the theoretical evidence for the scientific assessment of the role of the freely grazed goat in the transmission of schistosomiasis japonica and development of control strategy.

Methods: All the fecal samples excreted by the infected goat at daytime (12 h) were collected by using a self-made goat fecal collector, weighed and counted. The quantity and dispersal of the feces excreted by the freely grazed goat at daytime under a natural condition were investigated, and the walking route and speed of the freely grazed goat at daytime were recorded with a multifunction GPS data logger.

Enhancement of protective efficacy through adenoviral vectored vaccine priming and protein boosting strategy encoding triosephosphate isomerase (SjTPI) against Schistosoma japonicum in mice.

Background: Schistosomiasis japonica is a zoonotic parasitic disease; developing transmission blocking veterinary vaccines are urgently needed for the prevention and control of schistosomiasis in China. Heterologous prime-boost strategy, a novel vaccination approach, is more effective in enhancing vaccine efficacy against multiple pathogens. In the present study, we established a novel heterologous prime-boost vaccination strategy, the rAdV-SjTPI.

[Cloning and expression of Schistosoma japonicum VCP gene and its mRNA expression levels in different stages].

Objective: To prokaryotically express the valosin-containing protein (VCP) of Schistosoma japonicum, and analyze its VCP mRNA expressions in the cercaria, schistosomulum, adult worm (female and male worms) and egg.

Methods: RNA of S. japonicum eggs were extracted, and reversely transcribed into cDNA.

Resistance to niclosamide in Oncomelania hupensis, the intermediate host of Schistosoma japonicum: should we be worried?

As the currently only available molluscicide, niclosamide has been widely used for snail control for over 2 decades in China. There is therefore a concern about the emergence of niclosamide-resistant snail populations following repeated, extensive use of the chemical. The purpose of this study was to investigate the likelihood of niclosamide resistance in Oncomelania hupensis in China.

Sensitivity of Oncomelania hupensis to niclosamide: a nation-wide survey in China.

Schistosomiasis japonica, transmitted by the intermediate host snail Oncomelania hupensis of the causative agent Schistosoma japonicum, remains a major public-health concern in China, and control of this snail is one of the major approaches used in attempts to interrupt the transmission of this neglected tropical disease. Niclosamide is currently the only commercial molluscicide available for the control of O. hupensis snails in China.

PAMAM-Lys, a novel vaccine delivery vector, enhances the protective effects of the SjC23 DNA vaccine against Schistosoma japonicum infection.

Background: Schistosomiasis japonica remains a major public-health concern in China. Praziquantel-based chemotherapy effectively reduces both infections and intensity; however, it can not prevent re-infection. Furthermore, there is an increasing concern about praziquantel resistance following long-term repeated use of the drug in endemic areas.

[Preparation and molluscicidal effect of 5% niclosamide ethanolamine granules].

Objective: To explore the preparation of 5% niclosamide ethanolamine granules and evaluate its molluscicidal effect.

Methods: The optimal formula was obtained by the selection of wetting agents, dispersants, adhesives and carriers. The molluscicidal effect of 5% niclosamide ethanolamine granules was measured by the spray methods in the laboratory and field.

Is there a reduced sensitivity of dihydroartemisinin against praziquantel-resistant Schistosoma japonicum?

Praziquantel is currently the only drug of choice for the treatment of human schistosomiases. However, it has been proved that Schistosoma japonicum subjected to drug pressure may develop resistance to praziquantel. To evaluate the efficacy of dihydroartemisinin against praziquantel-resistant S.

In vivo activity of dihydroartemisinin against Schistosoma mansoni schistosomula in mice.

Dihydroartemisinin, an anti-malarial agent, has been shown to exhibit activity against Schistosoma japonicum and S. mansoni. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the in vivo activity of dihydroartemisinin against juvenile S.

[Studies on spray of niclosamide ethanolamine salt II observation on prevention of Schistosoma japonicum infection in bovine].

Objective: To investigate the spray of niclosamide ethanolamine salt on prevention of bovine schistosomiasis in the field so as to provide a technical support for the improvement of schistosomiasis control strategy.

Methods: A total of 160 buffalo were selected as experimental objects marked by ear-mark numbers. All the buffalo were administered with praziquantel and then randomly divided into 3 groups, which were sprayed with niclosamide ethanolamine salt (500 ml per head) every 15 d (Group A), every 30 d (Group B) and an agent without niclosamide ethanolamine salt every 15 d (Group C as the control), respectively.

[Studies on resistance of Schistosoma to praziquantel XIIV sensitivity of Schistosoma japonicum to praziquantel in marshland and lake endemic regions of Chinese Mainland].

Objective: To compare the sensitivities of different isolates of Schistosoma japonicum in marshland and lake regions of Chinese Mainland to praziquantel, so as to provide experimental evidence for establishing the techniques of detecting and monitoring praziquantel sensitivity.

Methods: Mice were infected with cercariae released from the S. japonicum-infected snails collected from the marshland and lake endemic regions of Hunan, Hubei, Jiangxi, Anhui and Jiangsu provinces, grouped, and treated with praziquantel at single oral doses of 37.