Development and Characterization of a Hydrogel Containing Chloramphenicol-Loaded Binary Ethosomes for Effective Transdermal Permeation and Treatment Acne in Rat Model.

Purpose: Acne is a serious disfiguring follicular sebaceous gland disorder that negatively affects patients' quality of life and self-image. Chloramphenicol (CAM) is effective against Propionibacterium acnes and Staphylococcus aureus which cause acne, often used as a hospital preparation for acne treatment. However, because of its toxicity and poor water solubility, its use has been restricted.

[Characteristics of Partial Denitrification in Biofilm System].

As an intermediate form of microbial denitrification, nitrite serves as a key substrate for anaerobic ammonium oxidation (ANAMMOX). This study investigated the partial dentification (PD) characteristics and the coupling feasibility of PD+ANAMMOX in the biofilm system, using a moving bed biofilm reactor which was operated for 120 days. After 40 days of operation with a C/N ratio of 3.

[Seasonal Effects of Influent Ammonia Oxidizing Bacteria of Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plants on Activated Sludge System].

The specific ammonia uptake rates (SAUR) and ammonia oxidizing bacteria (AOB) community of influent sewage and activated sludge in the 2 wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) of Xi'an without the primary settling tank were analyzed over multiple years to explore the seasonal effects of the influent AOB on the activated sludge systems. During the experiment, the SAUR of the raw sewage and activated sludge were 0.48-3.

[Adaptability of Nitrifying Biofilm Systems to Low Temperature: MBBR and IFAS].

The long-term effects of a decreasing temperature on the nitrification performance, biofilm characteristics, and nitrifier community in a moving-bed biofilm reactor (MBBR) and integrated fixed-film activated sludge (IFAS) system were investigated at various temperatures (20, 15, and 10℃) to explore the adaptability of nitrifying biofilm systems to low temperatures. During the experiment, the extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) in the biofilms increased with decreasing temperature, which resulted in an increased biofilm mass and thickness. As there was only a biofilm phase in the MBBR to remove ammonia, the part of the carriers in the MBBR at 10℃ became plugged, which partially led to a deterioration in the effluent water quality.