Interpreting the Epidemiological Characteristics of HIV-1 in Heterosexually Transmitted Population Based on Molecular Transmission Network in Kunming, Yunnan: A Retrospective Cohort Study.

Heterosexuals have become the most prevalent group of HIV-1 in Kunming, Yunnan Province. Utilizing the principle of genetic similarity between their gene sequences, we built a molecular transmission network by gathering data from earlier molecular epidemiological studies. This allowed us to analyze the epidemiological features of this group and offer fresh concepts and approaches for the prevention and management of HIV-1 epidemics.

Treatment outcomes amongst older people with HIV infection receiving antiretroviral therapy.

Objectives: There is conflicting data regarding the response of older people with HIV (PWH) to antiretroviral therapy (ART). The objective of this study was to evaluate the long-term immunological and virological responses, changes in regimen, and adverse drug reactions (ADRs) in older participants (50+ years) compared with younger (18-34 years) and middle-aged (35-49 years) PWH.

Methods: A retrospective review of medical records was conducted on 1622 participants who received ART in Yunnan Province, China, from 2010 to 2019.

Using the Molecular Transmission Networks to Analyze the Epidemic Characteristics of HIV-1 in Kunming, Yunnan.

HIV-1 is the most prevalent epidemic subtype among heterosexual (HET) and intravenous drug users (IDUs) in Kunming, Yunnan. Using the pol region of gene sequences derived from molecular epidemiological surveys, we developed a molecular transmission network for the purpose of analyzing its epidemiological characteristics, assessing its epidemiological trends, identifying its potential transmission relationships, and developing targeted interventions. HyPhy 2.

A variant-proof SARS-CoV-2 vaccine targeting HR1 domain in S2 subunit of spike protein.

The emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants, commonly with many mutations in S1 subunit of spike (S) protein are weakening the efficacy of the current vaccines and antibody therapeutics. This calls for the variant-proof SARS-CoV-2 vaccines targeting the more conserved regions in S protein. Here, we designed a recombinant subunit vaccine, HR121, targeting the conserved HR1 domain in S2 subunit of S protein.

Characteristics of replication and pathogenicity of SARS-CoV-2 Alpha and Delta isolates.

The continuously arising of SARS-CoV-2 variants has been posting a great threat to public health safety globally, from B.1.17 (Alpha), B.

Bromodomain and Extra-Terminal Inhibitor BMS-986158 Reverses Latent HIV-1 Infection In Vitro and Ex Vivo by Increasing CDK9 Phosphorylation and Recruitment.

Latent reservoir persistence remains a major obstacle for curing human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection. Thus, strategies for the elimination of latent HIV-1 are urgently needed. As a bromodomain and extra-terminal (BET) inhibitor, BMS-986158 has been used in clinical trials for advanced solid tumors and hematological malignancies.

High prevalence of sexually transmitted infections and risk factors among HIV-positive individuals in Yunnan, China.

Background: Yunnan has the highest rates of HIV in China. Other treatable sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are associated with accelerated HIV transmission and poor ART outcomes, but are only diagnosed by syndromic algorithms.

Methods: We recruited 406 HIV-positive participants for a cross-sectional study (204 ART-naive and 202 receiving ART).

Solid-State NMR Studies of the Succinate-Acetate Permease from Citrobacter Koseri in Liposomes and Native Nanodiscs.

The succinate-acetate permease (SatP) is an anion channel with six transmembrane domains. It forms different oligomers, especially hexamers in the detergent as well as in the membrane. Solid-state NMR studies of SatP were carried out successfully on SatP complexes by reconstructing the protein into liposomes or retaining the protein in the native membrane of , where it was expressed.

The amyloid structure of mouse RIPK3 (receptor interacting protein kinase 3) in cell necroptosis.

RIPK3 amyloid complex plays crucial roles during TNF-induced necroptosis and in response to immune defense in both human and mouse. Here, we have structurally characterized mouse RIPK3 homogeneous self-assembly using solid-state NMR, revealing a well-ordered N-shaped amyloid core structure featured with 3 parallel in-register β-sheets. This structure differs from previously published human RIPK1/RIPK3 hetero-amyloid complex structure, which adopted a serpentine fold.

Lower respiratory tract samples are reliable for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 nucleic acid diagnosis and animal model study.

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) continue to impact countries worldwide. At present, inadequate diagnosis and unreliable evaluation systems hinder the implementation and development of effective prevention and treatment strategies. Here, we conducted a horizontal and longitudinal study comparing the detection rates of SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid in different types of samples collected from COVID-19 patients and SARS-CoV-2-infected monkeys.

Longitudinal transcriptome analyses show robust T cell immunity during recovery from COVID-19.

Understanding the processes of immune regulation in patients infected with the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is crucial for improving treatment. Here, we performed longitudinal whole-transcriptome RNA sequencing on peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) samples from 18 patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) during their treatment, convalescence, and rehabilitation. After analyzing the regulatory networks of differentially expressed messenger RNAs (mRNAs), microRNAs (miRNAs) and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) between the different clinical stages, we found that humoral immunity and type I interferon response were significantly downregulated, while robust T-cell activation and differentiation at the whole transcriptome level constituted the main events that occurred during recovery from COVID-19.

Amyloid structure of high-order assembly of Leucine-rich amelogenin revealed by solid-state NMR.

High-order assemblies of amelogenin, the major protein in enamel protein matrix, are believed to act as the template for enamel mineral formation. The Leucine-rich amelogenin (LRAP) is a natural splice-variant of amelogenin, a functional protein in vivo, containing conserved domains of amelogenin. In this work, we showed LRAP aggregates hierarchically into assemblies with various sizes including scattered beads, beads-on-a-string and gel-like precipitations in the presence of both calcium and phosphate ions.

Solid-State Structure of Abeta (Aβ) in Alzheimer's Disease.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) has become the most common neurodegenerative disease. The deposition of amyloid fibrils in the brain is one of the characteristics of AD. The fibrils are composed of amyloid-β peptide (Aβ).

[Current situation and effect of non-hazardous treatment of excrement of sanitary latrines in rural schistosomiasis endemic areas of Eryuan County, Yunnan Province].

Objective: To understand the condition of the construction and management of sanitary latrines, and assess the effect of disposal of the excrement in rural schistosomiasis endemic areas in Yunnan Province.

Methods: Three villages with schistosomiasis endemic were selected from Eryuan County and 30 households per village were sampled randomly for the field survey. The stool samples were sampled and tested according to the national standard.

[Evaluation on molluscicidal effect of chlorosalicylicamide on Oncomelania hupensis in schistosomiaisis endemic areas of eight provinces in China].

Objective: To evaluate the effects of a novel molluscicide, the salt quinoid-2', 5-dichloro-4'-nitrosalicylanilide from niclosamide (LDS), with 10% wettable powder, in main schistosomiasis epidemic areas of China, including Hunan, Jiangxi, Hubei, Anhui, Jiangsu, Sichuan, Yunnan and Zhejiang Province.

Methods: In the immersion test, 6 effective concentrations of 10% LDS were tested respectively: 0.1, 0.

[Study on spatio-temporal pattern of mountainous Oncomelania hupensis snails at village scale in Eryuan County, Yunnan Province].

Objective: To develop a spatio-temporal model of mountainous Oncomelania hupensis snails based on the Bayesian model, and to analyze and identify the spatio-temporal pattern at a village scale.

Methods: The data including the intensity and spatial distribution of live and infected snails from 2000 to 2006 and the village boundary were collected. The independent and interactive spatio-temporal models were established, and then the best fitness model was selected to analyze the spatio-temporal pattern of live and infected snails.

[Investigation on infection sources of schistosomiasis in mountainous regions, Nanjian County, Yunnan Province].

Objective: To understand the types of schisotsome infection sources and their roles in schistosomiasis transmission in mountainous endemic regions in Yunnan Province, so as to provide the evidence for implementing the comprehensive control measures based on infection source control.

Methods: Two villages of typical mountainous regions in Nanjian County were chosen for field investigation. The Oncomelania hupensis snail status was surveyed by the methods of systematic and environmental sampling.

[Effect of water- saving irrigation engineering on schistosomiasis control in Eryuan County of Yunnan Province].

Objective: To evaluate the effect of a water-saving irrigation project on schistosomiasis control.

Methods: The Oncomelania snail situation before and after the water-saving irrigation project was investigated, and the data of snails and schistosomiasis of people in the area of the water-saving irrigation engineering were collected and analyzed statistically.

Results: The incidence of frames with snails declined from 10.

[Predictors for abundance of Rattus tanezumi in households of commensal rodent plague foci].

Objective: To explore the predictors on the abundance of Rattus (R.) tanezumi in households of commensal rodent plague foci.

Methods: Thirty natural villages that experienced previous plague cases in Lianghe county, Yunnan province, were selected followed by random selection of 20 households in each village through computer technique.

[Ecological-geographic landscapes of natural plague foci in China VIII. Typing of natural plague foci].

Since plague is an important natural focus zoonosis, the typing of natural plague foci becomes one of the elements in understanding the nature and developing related prevention program of the disease. Natural foci of plague are composed by four fundamental parts which include Eco-geographical landscape (natural plague foci), hosts, vectors and pathogens (Yersinia pestis) that comprehensively interact through the large temporal scale of evolution. Human activities have had great impact on the foci of natural plague.

[Effects of three kinds of molluscicides in fields of mountainous areas of Yunnan Province].

The molluscicidal effects of 10% salt of quinoid- 2' ,5-dichloro-4'-nitrosalicylanilide (LDS) with dusting method, 26% amine molluscicide (MNSC) and 50% niclosamide (WPN) with insufflation method were tested in the fields of mountainous areas of Yunnan Province. After 7, 15 and 30 days of the tests, the death rates of snails, decline rates of living snail densities, and occurrence rates of frames with living snails of the 10% LDS group were 72.69%-87.

[Molluscicidal effect of suspension concentrate of metaldehyde and niclosamide in fields of mountainous areas in Yunnan Province].

Objective: To evaluate the molluscicidal effect of 26% suspension concentrate of metaldehyde and niclosamide (MNSC) in the fields of mountainous areas in Yunnan Province.

Methods: Some representative Oncomelania snail environments of schistosomiasis endemic regions were selected as study areas in Heqing County, Yunnan Province and 26% MNSC and 50% wettable powder of niclosamide ethanolamine salt (WPN) were used to kill the snails with the mechanical spraying and sprinkler spraying methods respectively.

Results: Seven, 15, 30 days after the spraying with the mechanical spraying method, in corn fields, the snail mortality rates were from 88.