Machine Learning Integration with Single-Cell Transcriptome Sequencing Datasets Reveals the Impact of Tumor-Associated Neutrophils on the Immune Microenvironment and Immunotherapy Outcomes in Gastric Cancer.

The characteristics of neutrophils play a crucial role in defining the tumor inflammatory environment. However, the function of tumor-associated neutrophils (TANs) in tumor immunity and their response to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) remains incompletely understood. By analyzing single-cell RNA sequencing data from over 600,000 cells in gastric cancer (GSE163558 and GSE183904), colorectal cancer (GSE205506), and lung cancer (GSE207422), we identified neutrophil subsets in primary gastric cancer that are associated with the treatment response to ICIs.

IMM2520, a novel anti-CD47/PD-L1 bispecific antibody for cancer immune therapy.

PD-1/PD-L1 is an important signaling pathway in the adaptive immune system. The CD47/SIRPα signaling pathway is a crucial "do not eat me" signal for innate immunity. This study evaluated the anti-tumor mechanism of IMM2520 and .

Non-Cascaded and Crosstalk-Free Multi-Image Encryption Based on Optical Scanning Holography Using 2D Orthogonal Compressive Sensing.

We propose a non-cascaded and crosstalk-free multi-image encryption method based on optical scanning holography and 2D orthogonal compressive sensing. This approach enables the simultaneous recording and encryption of multiple plaintext images without mechanical scanning, while allows for independent retrieval of each image with exceptional quality and no crosstalk. Two features would bring about more substantial security and privacy.

Effects of inulin on intestinal flora and metabolism-related indicators in obese polycystic ovary syndrome patients.

Context: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), a common endocrine disorder in women of reproductive age, is closely associated with chronic low-grade inflammation and metabolic disturbances. In PCOS mice, dietary inulin has been demonstrated to regulate intestinal flora and inflammation. However, the efficacy of dietary inulin in clinical PCOS remains unclear.

Development of bioassay platforms for biopharmaceuticals using Jurkat-CAR cells by AICD.

The assessment of bioactivity for therapeutic antibody release assay poses challenges, particularly when targeting immune checkpoints. An in vitro bioassay platform was developed using the chimeric antigen receptor on Jurkat cells (Jurkat-CAR) to analyze antibodies targeting immune checkpoints, such as CD47/SIRPα, VEGF/VEGFR1, PD-1/PD-L1, and CD70/CD27. For CD47/SIRPα, the platform involved a Jurkat-CAR cell line expressing the chimeric SIRPα receptor (CarSIRPα).

Combining CD38 antibody with CD47 blockade is a promising strategy for treating hematologic malignancies expressing CD38.

Background: CD38 and CD47 are expressed in many hematologic malignancies, including multiple myeloma (MM), B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL), B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), and B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). Here, we evaluated the antitumor activities of CD38/CD47 bispecific antibodies (BsAbs).

Methods: Five suitable anti-CD38 antibodies for co-targeting CD47 and CD38 BsAb were developed using a 2 + 2 "mAb-trap" platform.

Investigation on the mechanism of the combination of eremias multiocellata and cisplatin in reducing chemoresistance of gastric cancer based on and experiments.

Background: Cisplatin (DDP) is one of the important chemotherapy drugs for patients with advanced gastric cancer and metastasis, but its resistance is a bottleneck problem that affects clinical efficacy and patient survival. Eremias multiocellata (EM) is a traditional Chinese herbal medicine, which has been used in the treatment of precancerous lesions, gastric cancer, liver fibrosis, and other digestive diseases. However, the mechanism of reducing chemotherapy resistance to gastric cancer is still unclear.

The novel high-affinity humanized antibody IMM40H targets CD70, eliminates tumors via Fc-mediated effector functions, and interrupts CD70/CD27 signaling.

Background: A significant level of CD70 can be detected in various types of tumor tissues and CD27 is expressed on Treg cells, but CD70 expression is low in normal tissues. The interaction between CD70 and CD27 can stimulate the proliferation and survival of cancer cells and increase the level of soluble CD27, which is associated with poor prognosis in patients with lymphoma and certain solid tumors. Thus, it is a promising therapeutic target for the treatment of many major CD70+ cancer indications, including CD70+ lymphoma, RCC, NSCLC, HNSCC and OC.

Treatment Patterns and Outcomes in Pancreatic Cancer: A Comparative Analysis of Ontario and the USA.

Background: Comparative studies evaluating quality of care in different healthcare systems can guide reform initiatives. This study seeks to characterize best practices by comparing utilization and outcomes for patients with pancreatic cancer (PC) in the USA and Ontario, Canada.

Methods: Patients (age ≥ 66 years) with PC were identified from the Ontario Cancer Registry and SEER-Medicare databases from 2006 to 2015.

Two dimensional NbSe/NbO metal-semiconductor heterostructure-based photoelectrochemical photodetector with fast response and high flexibility.

Two dimensional (2D) metal-semiconductor heterostructures are promising for high-performance optoelectronic devices due to fast carrier separation and transportation. Considering the superior metallic characteristics accompanied by high electrical conductivity in NbSe, surface oxidation provides a facile way to form NbSe/NbO metal-semiconductor heterostructures. Herein, size-dependent NbSe/NbO nanosheets were achieved by a liquid phase exfoliation method and a gradient centrifugation strategy.

A flexible and visually meaningful multi-image compression, encryption and hiding scheme based on 2D compressive sensing.

Encrypting plain images into noise-like cipher images is a common method in image encryption. However, when noise-like images appear in public networks, they are more likely to attract attention and suffer more cryptanalysis. To solve this problem, researchers propose the concept of visually meaningful image encryption scheme, which encrypts a plain image into a visually meaningful cipher image.

Bipolar compressive ghost imaging method to improve imaging quality.

Compressive ghost imaging (CGI) can effectively reduce the number of measurements required for ghost imaging reconstruction. In most cases, however, when using illumination patterns as measurement matrices, CGI has not demonstrated the ability to reconstruct high-quality images at an ultra-low sampling rate as perfect as claimed by compressive sensing theory. According to our analysis, the reason is that the non-negative nature of light intensity causes measurement matrix in compressive ghost imaging to be inconsistent with the essential requirements of good measurement matrix in compressive sensing theory, leading to low reconstruction quality.

Direct Z-Scheme SnSe/SnSe Heterostructure Passivated by AlO for Highly Stable and Sensitive Photoelectrochemical Photodetectors.

To mimic the natural photosynthesis system, a Z-scheme heterostructure is proposed as a viable and effective strategy for efficient solar energy utilization such as photocatalysis and photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting due to the high carrier separation efficiency, fast charge transport, strong redox, and wide light absorption. However, it remains a huge challenge to form a direct Z-scheme heterostructure due to the internal electric-field restriction and vital band-alignment at the interface. Herein, the van der Waals heterostructure based on the allotrope SnSe and SnSe is designed and synthesized by a two-step vapor phase deposition method to overcome the limitation in the formation of the Z-scheme heterostructure for the first time.

SIRPα-Fc fusion protein IMM01 exhibits dual anti-tumor activities by targeting CD47/SIRPα signal pathway via blocking the "don't eat me" signal and activating the "eat me" signal.

A novel recombinant SIRPα-Fc fusion protein, IMM01, was constructed and produced using an in-house developed CHO-K1 cell expression system, and the anti-tumor mechanism of IMM01 targeting the CD47-SIRPα pathway was explored. The phagocytosis and in vitro anti-tumor activity of IMM01 were evaluated by antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis (ADCP), antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC), and complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC) assays. In vivo mouse tumor model studies were used to explore therapeutic efficacy as well as the mechanism of action.

Radiation therapy for anorectal cancer in patients with a history of prostate radiation therapy.

Introduction: Radiation therapy (RT) for anorectal cancer after prior prostate cancer RT is usually avoided due to concern for complications. Data on this topic is scarce. Our aim was to evaluate tolerability, toxicity, and clinical outcomes associated with a second course of pelvic radiation in men with anorectal cancers previously treated with RT for prostate cancer.

Crystal Structure of Human CD47 in Complex with Engineered SIRPα.D1(N80A).

Targeting the CD47/SIRPα signaling pathway represents a novel approach to enhance anti-tumor immunity. However, the crystal structure of the CD47/SIRPα has not been fully studied. This study aims to analyze the structure interface of the complex of CD47 and IMM01, a novel recombinant SIRPα-Fc fusion protein.

Validation of a Population-Based Data Source to Examine National Cancer Clinical Trial Participation.

Importance: The Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services requires health care organizations to report the National Clinical Trial (NCT) identifier on claims for items and services related to clinical trials that qualify for coverage. This same NCT identifier is used to identify clinical trials in the ClinicalTrials.gov registry.

Color computational ghost imaging by deep learning based on simulation data training.

We present a new color computational ghost imaging strategy using a sole single-pixel detector and training by simulated dataset, which can eliminate the actual workload of acquiring experimental training datasets and reduce the sampling times for imaging experiments. First, the relative responsibility of the color computational ghost imaging device to different color channels is experimentally detected, and then enough data sets are simulated for training the neural network based on the response value. Because the simulation process is much simpler than the actual experiment, and the training set can be almost unlimited, the trained network model has good generalization.

Persulfate adsorption and activation by carbon structure defects provided new insights into ofloxacin degradation by biochar.

Cellulose and lignin derived biochars with significant differences in persistent free radicals (PFRs), oxygen-containing functional groups, and defective structure were prepared to explore the mechanism of biochar mediated persulfate (PS) activation. EPR spin trapping and quenching technique coupled with degradation experiments confirmed that the defective structures could activate PS to generate superoxide anions (O), which was converted to singlet oxygen (O), especially in the acidic condition. O dominated the degradation of ofloxacin (OFL, a fluoroquinolone antibiotic).

Color computational ghost imaging based on a generative adversarial network.

A novel, to the best of our knowledge, color computational ghost imaging scheme is presented for the reconstruction of a color object image, which greatly simplifies the experimental setup and shortens the acquisition time. Compared to conventional schemes, it only adopts one digital light projector to project color speckles and one single-pixel detector to receive the light intensity, instead of utilizing three monochromatic paths separately and synthesizing the three branch results. Severe noise and color distortion, which are common in ghost imaging, can be removed by the utilization of a generative adversarial network, because it has advantages in restoring the image's texture details and generating the image's match to a human's subjective feelings over other generative models in deep learning.

Improvement of Foaming Ability of Surfactant Solutions by Water-Soluble Polymers: Experiment and Molecular Dynamics Simulation.

Aqueous foam is widely used in fire extinguishing and dust suppression technologies. Improving the foaming ability is the key to reducing the added concentration of foaming agents as well as the economic cost. In this work, the effect of a water-soluble polymer (polyvinyl alcohol, PVA) on the foaming ability of anionic surfactant (sodium dodecyl ether sulfate, SDES) was studied by an experiment and molecular dynamics simulation.